4 : UHDTV 0. (Taejin Lee et al. : Multichannel Audio Reproduction Technology based on 0.ch for UHDTV) (Regular Paper) 7 5, 0 9 (JBE Vol. 7, No. 5, September 0) http://dx.doi.org/0.5909/jbe.0.7.5.87 ISSN 6-7953(Print) UHDTV 0. a), a), a), a), b) Multichannel Audio Reproduction Technology based on 0.ch for UHDTV Taejin Lee a), Jae-Hyoun Yoo a), Jeongil Seo a), Kyeongok Kang a), and Whanwoo Kim b), HDTV. 3, HD UHD(Ultra High Definition), 5. 0. UHDTV 0.. 0. 5.,. 0. APM. 0.., 0.., 5.. Abstract As broadcasting environments change rapidly to digital, user requirements for next-generation broadcasting service which surpass current HDTV service become bigger and bigger. The next-generation broadcasting service progress from D to 3D, from HD to UHD and from 5.ch audio to more than 0ch audio for high quality realistic broadcasting service. In this paper, we propose 0.ch based multichannel audio reproduction system for UHDTV. The 0.ch-based audio reproduction system add two side loudspeakers to enhance the surround sound localization effect and add two height and one ceiling loudspeakers to enhance the elevation localization effect. To evaluate the proposed system, we used APM(Auditory Process Model) for objective localization test and conducted subjective localization test. As a result of objective/subjective localization test, the proposed system shows the statistically same performance compare with.ch audio system and shows the significantly better performance compared with 5.ch audio system. Keyword : Multichannel Audio, UHDTV, Audio Signal Format a) (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)) b) (Chungnam National University) Corresponding Author : (Taejin Lee) E-mail: tjlee@etri.re.kr Tel: +8-4-860-573 Fax: +8-4-860-5479 UHDTV. Manuscript received June 5, 0 Revised August 6, 0 Accepted August 6, 0
(JBE Vol. 7, No. 5, September 0)., HDTV. 009, 0, 0.. TV,, TV, Smart TV, 3DTV, UHDTV TV. 3, HD UHD(Ultra High Defini- tion), 5. 0. 3DTV UHDTV HD 4 6 0, [][][3][4]. UHDTV 0... II UHDTV, III 0.. IV 0. /, V.. UHDTV. UHDTV HD 4 6. HDTV UHDTV [] Fig.. The video resolution and reasonable viewing distance for HDTV and UHDTV
4 : UHDTV 0. (Taejin Lee et al. : Multichannel Audio Reproduction Technology based on 0.ch for UHDTV) 0 UHDTV 995 NHK SHV(Super Hi-Vision), 005 Aichi EXPO. IBC 008 NHK BBC, 0. 08 UHDTV. HDTV 4 4K-UHDTV 6 8K-UHDTV HDTV., 5. [5] 0. UHDTV HDTV 6, (bit depth), 4::, 96kHz 4 (bit resolution) 0. UHDTV HDTV [6]... UHDTV 0. NHK. [7]. NHK. 9, 0, 5,. NHK. Fig.. The NHK.ch audio reproduction system. UHDTV HDTV Table. The Signal format for UHDTV and HDTV (pixels/frame) 4K 3,840,60 (4K) UHDTV 8K 7,680 4,30 (8K) HDTV,90,080 (K) HDTV 4K: 4 8K: 6 (frames/sec) 60 Hz 30 Hz (bits/pixel) 4 36 bits 4 bits.5 (chroma format) 4:4:4, 4::, 4::0 4::0 (aspect ratio) 6:9 6:9 (audio channels) 0.. 5. 4.4 (Sampling rate) 96 khz 44. ~ 48 khz (bit resolution) 4 bit 6 bit.5 (standard viewing angle) (standard viewing distance) 55 00 30 3.3.5H 0.75H 3H (H: )
(JBE Vol. 7, No. 5, September 0). 5.. NHK SMPTE(Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) 007 [8], 008. UHDTV [9]. NHK.,. NHK., UHDTV. 00 WG 0. UHDTV TTA 0 UHDTV [0]. 0. UHDTV NHK.. TTA [0] 0. UHDTV /. III. 0.. 0. UHDTV TV 5. 0. 3. 0. 3 (Height), 5, /. Table. The definition of loudspeakers C Center channel L Left channel R Right channel LH Left Height channel RH Right Height channel LS Left Side channel RS Right Side channel LB Left Back channel RB Right Back channel TC/TBC LFE Top Center channel Top Back Center channel Low Frequency Effect channel (a) (b) (c) 3. 0. Fig. 3. The loudspeaker layout for 0.ch system
4 : UHDTV 0. (Taejin Lee et al. : Multichannel Audio Reproduction Technology based on 0.ch for UHDTV) 4, 0. 3 α, α, β, β, β3, β4, γ.. 3 0.. 0, / 30 / 5.. / 60 ~ 50, 90. / / 60 ~ 50, 35. / / 90 35, cone of confusion. (ITD: Interaural Time Difference) (ILD: Interaural Level Difference). Cone of confusion ITD ILD. / / 30 ~35, 30 ~35. m / 30, 30. 90 ~35 90 35. NHK., 90, 35.,,., 90. 3, 0., 3 LS, RS, LB, RB, LH, RH, CH 4. 3 0. Table 3. The layout of 0.ch loudspeakers Channel Azimuth/Elevation Recommend C 0 (A) 0 (A) L, R ±30 (A), ±30 (A) LS, RS, LB, RB ±60 ~ 50 (A) ±60 ~ 50, LS: -90 (A) RS: 90 (A) LB: -35 (A) RB: 35 (A) TC/TBC 90 ~ 35 (E) 90 ~ 35 H range TC: 90 (E) TBC:35 (E) LH, RH ±30 ~ 45 (A) & 30 ~ 45 (E) ±30 ~ 45 30 ~ 45 H range, LH: -45 /45 (E) RH: 45 /45 (E)
(JBE Vol. 7, No. 5, September 0) 4. 0. Fig. 4. The recommendation of 0.ch loudspeaker layout. 0. 5., 7. 0.... 0.. NHK., NHK. 0. 4 (matrixing). 5 3 NHK..,., NHK top layer, middle layer, bottom layer ( t, m, b). ( k, l). 4. NHK. Table 4. The downmix matrix for compatible with NHK.ch Down-Mix Layout. -> 0. Channel matrixing L = m*( FL + FLc) + b * BtFL R = m*( FR + FRc) + b* BtFR C = m*{ FC + ( FLc + FRc) } + b* BtFC LH = t *( TpFL + TpFC + TpSiL + TpC) RH = t *( TpFR + TpFC + TpSiR + TpC) LS = m* SiL + t * TpSiL RS = m* SiR + t * TpSiR LB = m*( BL + BC) + t * TpBL RB = m*( BR + BC) + t * TpBR TBC = t *( TpBC + TpBL + TpBR + TpC LFE = k * LFE LFE = l * LFE
4 : UHDTV 0. (Taejin Lee et al. : Multichannel Audio Reproduction Technology based on 0.ch for UHDTV) 5. NHK. Fig. 5. The loudspeaker layout for NHK.ch,. 7., 5.,, 0. ( a, c). 5. Table 5. The downmix matrix for backward compatible Down-Mix Layout 0. -> 7. 0. -> 5. Channel matrixing L = a * L + c * LH R = a * R + c * RH C = a * C LS = a * LS RS = a * RS LB = a * LB + c * CH RB = a * RB + c * CH LFE = k * LFE+ l * LFE L = a * L + c * LH R = a * R + c * RH C = a * C LS = a *( LB + LS) + c * CH RS = a *( RB + RS) + c * CH LFE = k * LFE+ l * LFE 0. ->.0 L = a *( L + R = a *( R + C + C + LB + RB + LS) + c *( LH + CH ) RS) + c *( RH + HC)
(JBE Vol. 7, No. 5, September 0) ( k, l).,.. 5. 30 ~ 0. IV. 0. 0. APM(Auditory Process Model) []. APM,, (hair cell) (neural transduction) (peripheral process), (binaural process), (central process). APM, APM. 6. 5. Fig. 6. The localization test results: 5.ch. APM 5., 0.,.., (0 ~80 ),, APM. 6 5. APM., APM. 7.. Fig. 7. The localization test results:.ch 8. 0. Fig. 8. The localization test results: 0.ch
4 : UHDTV 0. (Taejin Lee et al. : Multichannel Audio Reproduction Technology based on 0.ch for UHDTV) 7. APM..,. 8 0. APM. 0. 5.. 0.., 5.,., 0.. 9. Fig. 9. The subjective test at anechoic chamber. NHK. 0. 9,. 0.. 0.., 0., 0.. 9 3. 6. Table 6. The sound image position for subjective test Elevation Angle Azimuth Angle A 70 330 B 90 5 C 80 80 D 60 60 E 70 65 0. Fig. 0. The loudspeaker layout for subjective test 6,, 5, KEF HTS 300.. 0.,.. 0... 5 7.8, 0. 0.6
(JBE Vol. 7, No. 5, September 0)., 5.., 0.., 5.. NHK.. 0. UHDTV.. (CI: 95%) Fig.. The localization test results(ci: 95%) V. UHDTV 0.. 0. 5.,. 0. APM. 0. [] J. S. Choi et al., UHDTV Broadcasting Technology, Journal of KIEES, Vol., No. 6, pp. 0-30, 00. [] S. Y. Jeong et al., The presence and future of UHDTV technology, Journal of IEEK, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 47-435, 009. [3] Recommendation ITU-R BT.769, Parameter values for an expanded hierarchy of LSDI image formats for production and international programme exchange, 006. [4] Recommendation ITU-R BT.0-, Extremely high resolution imagery, 004. [5] Recommendation ITU-R BS.775-, Multichannel stereophonic sound system with and without accompanying picture, 006. [6] S. H. Cho and J. W. Hong, The standard status of UHDTV technology, Journal of RAPA, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 40-5, 009. [7] K. Hamasaki, et al., "5. and. multichannel sound production using an integrated surround sound panning system", NAB BEC Proceedings, 005. [8] SMPTE 036-, Ultra high definition television-image parameter values for program production, 009. [9] SMPTE 036-, Ultra high definition television-audio characteristics and audio channel mapping for program Production, 008. [0] TTAK.KO-07.0098, UHDTV Audio Format, 0. [] Munhum Park, Phillip A. Nelson and Kyeongok Kang, A Model of Sound Localisation Applied to the Evaluation of Systems for Stereophony, ACTA Acoustica, Vol. 94, pp. 85~839, 008.
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