w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 9«3y, 2007 Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.319-326(2007) w xk x p w q w Analysis of Foot Characteristics According to the Classification of Foot Types of Junior High School Girls Ji-Young Lim Dept. of Fashion Design, Tongmyong University, Busan, Korea Abstract : The health of feet is connected with individual's health and affects a man's activity. Shoes need to be designed to protect feet and to absorb the impact of land. In order to choose suitable shoes for feet, the foot size and shape must be considered, so it is essential to grasp the exact size and shape of the foot. This study aims to present fundamental data on shoes' easy order prototype development for choosing shoes of good wearing comfort, by classifying feet size and shape junior high school boys in the early adolescent period. The subject were 217 Korean junior high school girls in age from 14 to 16 years old. The subjects were directly measured anthropometrically and indirectly analyzed photographically. 7 factors were extracted through factor analysis and those factors comprised 78.59% of total variance. The factors were characterized foot length, foot girth and width, foot shape around the fifth toes, foot shape around the first toes, angle of foot breadth, foot height, and foot length of upper foot. 3 clusters as their foot shape were categorized using 7 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 had smaller in foot girth, width and length than other types and with deformed fifth toe. Type 2 had average size and high foot shape. Type 3 was characterized by long large foot with deformed first toe. The results would be a great support in producing and choosing appropriate shoes if forms are classified by subdividing foot form classification and extract a factor which shows only the foot sole shape. Key words : wearing comfort, feet size, feet shape 1. w w ƒ y wš wù 80% kwš š ³ x w w w ww.» w 300 k ù s³ 60 ¾ ww 16 Km, 1Km ww ö 15t (http:// nmpa.news.go.kr). w ö ww w w» w ƒ w 2 y w e. yw l wš» z w w ww wì»,, xk š ƒ Corresponding author; Ji-Young Lim Tel. +82-51-610-8554, Fax. +82-51-610-8559 E-mail: limjy@tit.ac.kr. h w» 1, ww kw» w e xk ƒ ƒ ww w. w e x e ƒ 2~4mm e w w v (w œ t xz, 1986). w m s, p w (Manna et al., 2001), w ù ù vš, m w v ö. w ù, x Á m jš w m m (, 1995). p xkƒ x ƒw j w xz 323 w (2006 8 20 ) 84.8%ƒ ƒw ª»x k ù kû (EBN, 2006). kw» w xk j»ƒ š w w yw xk š wš 319
320 w wz 9«3y, 2007 ƒ ƒ w.» ww x w w (, 1998), ƒ w š w m w» ƒ œw. w 80% e xk w y w e 20 mm j wš ùkû. w ñš w š y š w wš y r w ƒ e xk w yw we k w v w š. kw» w j» xkƒ š w w» yw j» xk q w w. xk w ƒ wì ¼ w ƒ ƒ, ¼ ƒ äe ¾ ù š w (, 1996). 20~89 x w (, 1993) 20 x š, 30, 40 Ÿ x, 50 z x x š w ew š w. (1998) ƒ x üd ƒ 46 j ù z» w x 45 w x w š w. (2003) xk x, x, x, ƒ x w d x ww x ƒ ƒ j x x ƒ š w. e w w (, 1995;, 1998), w xk y w ( x, 2001; ½, 2002)ƒ y w š ù, d d w ƒ» w w š. k ú rs ù» w w ƒ ex { 16 ¾ (, 1998). ƒ š xk yƒ»» w xk e x w w (, 2005) w» xk e š, w Prototype (, 2006) k w» wš w. 2. 2.1. d d 2005 7 2006 2 ¾ w 14 ~16 w 217 d d w. d w (, 2005) w p d» w 11w dwš, ¼ 12w ƒ 9w w d w. z w d d yw» w d z w w. d»» œ KSA-7003 7004 d d t (» t, 2004) w. w d Fig. 1~Fig. 2 w. 2.2. ü SPSS Win.10.0 package w m w. ƒ dw w» m s³,, w, w deƒ ƒ š w. Kaiser š e 1.00 w Varimax w z w ü x. xk x yw» w ƒ w, x x š w 3 w. x» w ƒ dw s³ w S-N-K w. Fig. 1. d» (, 2005).
w xk x p 321 s³e 89.1 mm t 1.9 mm ùkû. xk ùkü ƒ w 1 ƒ xk ƒ x q w w. 1 ƒ 7.4 (, 1998) 1 ƒ 14.06 ùkþ. w w w xk x». wr w (, 2005) û w 1 ƒ 5.1 xk x š. ¼ j» ùkü t w wš w ù w ¼ e y wš ( y, 1997). w e t» e ¼ wš še wš. ù w w s w j w š š j» sj» xk w w. Table 1 w ¼ w w û w w de w de ƒ ùkû wš» û œ ƒ š. de» y w w ù w. Fig. 2. dw d (, 2005). 3. š 3.1. de w» m Table 1 d d w w» m t (1997) t- w (, 2005) û w de t- ùk ü. t ƒ w w ùkù. ù v w e w q w w e. s³e 227.7 mm t (1997) 14 ~16 s³ 222.3 mm j ùkû. 1 2 ¼ s³e ƒƒ 223.6 mm 222.3 mm t (1997) 14 ~16 s ³ 230.7 mm ù, 3.2. xk ùkü t j xk p w w xk w w» w j, w 32w w w. 7 ƒ w Table 2 w. 7 w 78.59%. 1 š eƒ 9.40 29.37% wš ¼, w e w. 1 w 2 3 w dxk üdxk w e w w. 2 dxk w dƒ, d, d ƒ, 5 ƒ ƒ 2 s w. 2 sw ƒ w e w, 2» Á xk, p ö ƒ d x k ƒ wš. 2 š e 3.63 š 11.36% w. 3 š eƒ 3.20 10.00% w. 2 üdxk w 1 ƒ
322 w wz 9«3y, 2007, üd, üd ƒ, üdƒ ƒ 3 sw.» xk, p ƒ üd x wš. 4 š eƒ 3.13 9.80% w. ƒ, üd ƒ, d ƒ sww ƒ»» ùkü. 4 d ƒ 4 ƒ j d ƒ š ƒ»»ƒ w. w 5 6 äe 5 š e 2.21,» 6.9%, ƒ,, 6 sw š š e 1.8, 5.9% w. d ¼ 1 ¼ w 7 š e 1.6, 5.2% ùkü. 3.3. xk w xk k p x k xyw» w 7 w w. 3 w 3 x s k x1 66 (30.4%), x2 69 (31.8%), x3 82 (37.8%) ƒƒ s. Table 3 x w z w x xk ùkü. ƒ x ƒ (+) ùkü s³ d j x š (-) ùkü s³ x š w. 1 ¼,,, sj Table 1. dw w» m (unit : mm, o ) w t r s ³ û w t-value (, t-value (1997) 2005) 15.6 248.0 180.0 208.6 206.3.009 222.5 6.948 *** 12.7 280.0 205.0 235.7 235.3.036 258.3 13.686 *** 11.8 258.0 200.0 227.7 222.3.453 251.6 14.427 *** 11.5 257.0 195.0 222.1 223.3 -.108 246.4 16.020 *** äe ~ 16.4 365.0 282.0 323.7 - - 354.7 13.690 *** äe ~ 15.7 332.0 257.0 290.3 295.0 -.293 316.6 12.469 *** 6.1 107.1 72.8 89.2 - - 92.5 0.466 4.9 81.6 54.5 68.4 58.7 1.974 72.7 4.608 *** äe 3.2 34.0 18.1 24.3 - - 35.2 20.223 *** ƒ 5.2 85.9 60.0 69.4 60.3 1.743 72.0 2.125 6.4 113.2 71.8 84.7 - - 86.6 0.956 ¼ 1 ¼ 10.3 255.0 196.0 223.6 230.7 -.696 244.4 14.354 *** 2 ¼ 10.2 244.0 189.0 222.3 - - 243.2 14.578 *** 5 ¼ 8.6 208.0 163.5 187.8 - - 203.7 12.573 *** d ¼ 5.4 83.0 54.0 70.1 - - 77.2 9.537 *** wd ¼ 8.5 177.0 131.2 152.2 - - 166.1 11.696 *** äe~ ¼ 9.7 195.5 130.0 159.7 - - 174.8 11.472 *** äe~ ƒ ¼ 7.9 162.0 120.1 139.1 - - 152.2 11.517 *** 1) 5.5 103.1 74.8 89.1 91.0 -.347 99.2 8.774 *** 2) 5.1 98.1 72.3 85.6 - - 92.1 7.509 *** üd 3.8 51.0 31.0 39.7 - - 42.2 4.655 *** d 4.4 55.1 34.5 45.8 - - 50.0 4.619 *** äe 4.2 62.0 41.0 51.8 54.3 -.579 57.7 9.834 *** ƒ 1 ƒ 4.7 21.5-4.7 7.4 - - 5.1-3.714 *** üd ƒ 4.9 40.1 10.2 20.9 - - 19.7-1.585 d ƒ 4.1 58.2 30.6 49.1 - - 50.9 3.778 *** 5 ƒ 4.4 21.3-6.6 9.4 - - 11.6 3.388 ** üdƒ 1.5 10.9 3.0 6.6 - - 5.9-3.465 ** dƒ 1.9 14.1 4.5 9.5 - - 10.2 3.393 ** üd ƒ 4.1 82.0 57.5 70.3 - - 71.1 1.743 ƒ 4.2 89.5 66.5 76.9 - - 77.0 0.244 d ƒ 4.7 107.0 82.1 94.2 - - 92.9-2.664 * 1) ƒ 2) üd d w
w xk x p 323 G Table 2. dw w d w 2 ¼ 5 ¼ wd ¼ 1 ¼ äe~ ƒ ¼ äe~ ¼ äe äe ~ äe ~ dƒ d d ƒ 5 ƒ 1 ƒ üd üd ƒ üdƒ ƒ üd ƒ d ƒ äe ƒ 1 ( ¼,, ).913.912.911.902.868.824.756.743.716.697.665.658.628.603.552 -.196.441.022 -.069 -.076.387.076 -.200 -.043.033.108 -.050 -.079 2 ( dxk) -.064 -.032 -.079 -.059 -.200 -.060.161.158.177.057.582.564.268.376.404.815.753.726.674 -.151 -.088 -.087 -.200 -.052.024 -.364 -.097 -.014 3 ( üdxk).013 -.031 -.051.016 -.021 -.003.078 -.001.017 -.043.355.334.038.223.213 -.220 -.299 -.325 -.113.847.830.804.666 -.006 -.263.033.055 -.122 4 ( üd d»») -.091.090 -.117 -.103.165 -.483.051 -.030 -.010 -.117.054 -.224 -.005.060.093 -.127.133.218.199 -.185 -.082 -.203.241.981.911 -.824.007 -.128 5 ( äe ) -.069 -.081 -.135 -.056 -.173 -.072.074.423.494.392.126.136.537.384.294.108.078.041 -.252 -.122.080 -.035.051 -.057 -.078.039.685.408 6 ( ).139.098.130.124.120.089 -.063 -.019.042 -.136.023.019 -.006.028 -.006.087.023 -.030.022.123.004 -.013 -.059 -.069 -.048 -.035.353 -.038 7 ( d ¼ ).021.126.201 -.042.143 -.004.021.002.039 -.019 -.055 -.014.090 -.023.494.834.770.574.011.068 -.069 d ¼.282.004.107.014.082.058.862 š» (%)» (%) 9.400 29.375 29.375 3.635 11.360 40.735 3.201 10.004 50.739 3.137 9.803 60.542 2.219 6.935 67.477 1.892 5.914 73.391 Table 3. xk z x1(66 ) x2(69 ) x3(82 ) F-value 1. ¼,, -.0383 -.0136.0367 0.064 2. d xk.4868a -.3557b -.0702b 7.579 ** 3. üd xk.0021ab -1.007c.7538a 75.302 *** 4. üd d»» -.5556b.1475a.2742a 8.934 *** 5. äe -.2860b -.0600ab.2431a 3.187 *.268.178 -.232.214 -.202 -.159 -.104.282.178.373.073.062.048.262.184.055.010 -.349.079.056.087 -.134.179 -.025 -.094 -.089 -.159.180 1.665 5.202 78.593 6. -.2303 -.0515.2813 2.634 7. d ¼ -.7847b.2108a.3851a 20.769 *** S-N-K P ß.05 w ƒ ùkù x t w j» (a>b>c). * p<.05 ** p<.01 *** p<.001» x3 ƒ ƒ jù x ùkù. dxk ùkü 2 x1 ƒ j d j x 2 d x. 3 üdxk x3 ƒ f üd j, 4 w ƒ»» x3
324 w wz 9«3y, 2007 Table 4. xk x dw s³, z (unit : mm, o ) d w x1(36 ) x2(39 ) x3(52 ) F-value 1 2 ¼ 219.8 223.0 223.4 1.493 5 ¼ 185.9 189.0 188.3 1.291 wd ¼ 153.7 152.5 150.9 1.175 1 ¼ 221.3 223.9 225.1 1.479 äe~ ƒ ¼ 138.9 139.9 138.6 0.308 äe~ ¼ 162.9 a 159.2 ab 157.8 b 3.071 * äe 52.6 50.6 52.2 2.421 äe ~ 285.8 290.5 293.2 2.418 231.3 b 235.4 ab 238.9 a 4.039 * äe ~ 318.5 324.3 326.9 2.918 87.3 a 82.7 b 86.2 a 10.778 *** 90.6 a 85.8 b 90.4 a 11.151 *** 207.1 206.6 211.3 1.279 224.0 b 225.8 b 231.8 a 5.936 * 218.1 b 221.5 ab 225.5 a 5.048 * 2 dƒ 10.1 9.3 9.1 2.625 d 47.3 a 46.1 ab 44.6 b 4.153 * d ƒ 50.8 a 49.2 ab 47.7 b 6.533 * 5 ƒ 10.7 9.1 8.7 2.428 3 1 ƒ 7.9 b 3.5 c 10.1 a 31.921 *** üd 38.9 b 36.5 c 42.6 a 54.894 *** üd ƒ 22.0 a 17.1 b 22.9 a 23.206 *** üdƒ 5.9 b 5.8 b 7.6 a 28.494 *** 4 ƒ 74.7 b 77.5 a 77.9 a 7.664 ** üd ƒ 68.8 b 71.7 a 70.2 ab 5.262 ** d ƒ 95.8 a 94.0 ab 93.1 b 3.705 * 5 87.8 89.1 90.4 1.883 äe 24.2 24.3 24.4 0.016 6 ƒ 68.6 68.9 70.8 2.010 83.0 85.1 85.8 1.984 67.7 68.7 68.8 0.483 7 d ¼ 66.1 b 70.4 a 72.5 a 18.828 *** S-N-K P ß.05 w ƒ ùkù x t w j» (a>b>c). * p<.05 ** p<.01 *** p<.001 ƒ ƒ j»» ƒ w. 5 6 w x3> x2> x 1 ƒ, 7 d ¼ 1 ¼ x ùkü. ƒ x dw q w» w s ³, z w Table 4 ùkü. 1 sw 1 ¼, 2 ¼, 5 ¼ x, w, x3> x2> x1 s³ j ùkù x3 ¼ ƒ ƒ ¼š ƒ x. wr 1 sw w x ƒ w ùkü w w x1> x3> x2 s³ j ùkû. 2 dx k ùkü w s³ x1> x2> x3 x1 ƒ ƒ j d d ƒ p<.05 x. 3 üdxk ùkü w s³ x3> x1> x2 x3 ƒ ƒ j 3 sw w p<.001 x w. 4 w ƒ»» ƒ x3> x2> x1 s³ j ù kù x3»»ƒ ƒ w, 5 6 w 7 d ¼ w x ùkù ù x3> x2> x1 s³ j ùkû. w w s w j w š š,
w xk x p 325 Table 5. x p x p x1 ¼ w w e ƒ ù w ƒ j, ƒ ƒ ƒ š, ƒ»»ƒ ƒ j x. x2 sj» j»ƒ x š ƒ ƒ. w s³ w ùkü. x3 ¼ w w e ƒ ƒ j, ƒ ƒ š, ƒ ƒ j ƒ»»ƒ ƒ w x. Fig. 3. x. ¼, e w xk p ùkü w w š w. Table 5 x p w, Fig. 3 ¼,, ƒ»», e m x ùkü. 4.» w x k e x w w (, 2005) w» xk e š, w Prototype(, 2006) k w» wš w. 1. dw w w ƒ x q w 1 ƒ w ùkþ. w w w xk x, w (, 2005) û w 1 ƒ j ùkü û w xk x š.. 2. dw w 7 7 w 78.59%. 1 ¼,,, 2 ƒ x k, 3 xk, 4 ƒ»», 5 äe, 6, 7 d ¼ w. 3. 3 x s k x1 66 (30.4%), x2 69 (31.8%), x3 82 (37.8%) ƒƒ s. x1 ¼ w w e ƒ ù w ƒ j, ƒ ƒ ƒ š, ƒ»»ƒ ƒ j x. x2 sj» j»ƒ x š ƒ ƒ. w s³ w ùkü. x3 ¼ w w e ƒ ƒ j, ƒ ƒ š, ƒ ƒ j ƒ»»ƒ ƒ w x p.» j» xk w š, e k DB v w ƒ. w x p w (, 2006) w Prototype k w ù kw. š x ½ (2002) y xk w., 52(2), 71-80. (1993) w x xk. w w w. (1996) xk w (1) - xk -. w wz, 20(4), 596-608. (1995) wn xk. w y w z, 2(4), 239-250. (2003)» xk x p. w
326 w wz 9«3y, 2007 w w.» t (2004) d t. y (1997)» x w. w w w. (1995) yœ w. q ful,. Á (2005) Prototype w xk. w wz, 7(5), 535-541. Á (2006) xk On-line 3D ƒ x Prototype. w gldw z, 6(11), 182-189. x Á Á Á½ yá (2001) w x k x. w œwz, 20(1), 73-86. (1998) w xk k w. w w w. w œ t xz (1986) w œ ³ KS G 3405. w œ t xz (1989) w œ ³ KS A 7003 d. w œ t xz (1989) w œ ³ KS A 7004 d. w (1995) y y 100. q,. Œ (1995) k kl., 36(1), 673-679. EBN (2006) 10 10. Makiki K. (1995) Analysis of foot shape variation based on the medial axis of foot outline. Ergonomics, 38(9), 1911-1920. (2007 1 16 )