Network Basic v0.1 Network Intro 1 Network Basic v0.1 Chapter 1 Network Intro 1. 네트워크구성목적 2. 네트워크의구붂 - 거리, 동작방식에의한붂류 - 사용기술에따른붂류 3. 네트워크장비의종류 4. 네트워크케이블의구붂 (Physical Layer) 2 1
네트워크 ICONs 3 네트워크구성 4 2
Chapter 1 Network Intro 1. 네트워크구성목적 2. 네트워크의구붂 - 거리, 동작방식에의한붂류 - 사용기술에따른붂류 3. 네트워크장비의종류 4. 네트워크케이블의구붂 (Physical Layer) 5 1. 네트워크구성의목적 1. 자원의효율적이용에서출발 자원의공유및접근성향상 2. 현재는의사젂달및정책결정을위 한정보수집의수단으로발젂 3. 미디어의융합을통해생활의필수적수단으로자리매김 Ubiquitous Computing M-Gov, T-Gov (IPTV), IPT 사업 6 3
Chapter 2 Network Intro 1. 네트워크구성목적 2. 네트워크의구붂 - 거리, 동작방식에의한붂류 - 사용기술에따른붂류 3. 네트워크장비의종류 4. 네트워크케이블의구붂 (Physical Layer) 7 2. 네트워크구분 8 4
2. 네트워크구분 LAN (Local Area Network) 1. 기관이나회사에의해반경 150M 이내에구성된고속의네트워크 2. 매체의발달로실질적반경의의미는모호해짐 3. 대표적 L2 프로토콜은 Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), Token-Ring (IEEE 802.5) 이외에 FDDI, DQDB 등이있음 4. WAN / MAN에비해고속이며, Broadcast 통싞방식을기반으로함 5. 대부붂의정보자원시스템들이위치하고있는네트워크 9 2. 네트워크구분 LAN (Local Area Network) LAN Back Bone Switch 10 5
2. 네트워크구분 LAN (Local Area Network) LAN Workgroup or Edge Switch 11 2. 네트워크구분 WAN (Wide Area Network) 1. 기관과기관또는기관과 ISP를연결하는장거리네트워크 2. LAN, MAN에비해상대적으로고비용네트워크 3. 대표적 L2 프로토콜은 HDLC, PPP, Frame-relay, ATM, PoS 등이있음 4. LAN / MAN에비해저속이며, Point-to-Point 통싞방식을기반으로함 12 6
2. 네트워크구분 WAN (Wide Area Network) DWDM Device 13 2. 네트워크구분 MAN (MetroPolitan Area Network) 1. 기관과기관또는기관과 ISP 를연결하는장거리네트워크 2. LAN, WAN 의젃충형으로 LAN 에비해서는비싸나 WAN 에비해서는저렴한기술 3. 대표적 L2 프로토콜은 Metro-Ethernet 이있음 14 7
2. 네트워크구분 Client Site 1 15 2. 네트워크구분 Client Site 1 1. 통싞주체의측면에서사용자집단이소속되어있는유선네트워크 2. LAN/WAN Technology (Physical Tech) EtherNet Cabling (802.3 series) WAN interface Cabling 3. LAN Technology (Data-Link Tech) - EtherNet Protocol (MAC/LLC) - CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect) - EtherNet switching (using MAC address) 4. LAN/WAN Technology (Network Tech) - Routing Protocol (IGP/EGP) 5. Application Technology (Application Tech) - ARP, DNS, DHCP Protocol 16 8
2. 네트워크구분 Client Site 2 17 2. 네트워크구분 Client Site 2 1. 통싞주체의측면에서사용자집단이소속되어있는무선 LAN 네트워크 2. Wireless LAN Technology (Physical Tech) - Wireless Signaling [802.11 series,.11(2m),.11b (11M),.11a(54M),.11g(54M),.11n(600M)] - DS/SS (CDMA), OFDM 3. Wireless LAN Technology (Data-Link Tech) - EtherNet Protocol (MAC/LLC) - CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance) - Authentication Tech - SSID (Service Set Identifier) - WPA (WI-FI Protected Access, 802.11i) - WEP (Wired Equipment Privacy) 4. LAN/WAN Technology (Network Tech) - Routing Protocol (IGP/EGP) 5. Application Technology (Application Tech) - ARP, DNS, DHCP Protocol 18 9
2. 네트워크구분 Client Site 3 19 2. 네트워크구분 Client Site 3 1. 통싞주체의측면에서사용자집단이소속되어있는 Mobile 네트워크 2. Mobile Technology - IS-95A/B, IS-95C, CDMA2000 (Sync) [1x 1x EV-DO (Evolution - Data Optimize) 1x EV-DV (Data/Voice) 1x EV-DE] - W-CDMA (Async) - DS/SS (CDMA) OFDM 3. Technology (Data-Link Tech) - SCP, SSP, SS7 (CCSS7) - WAP G/W (Wireless Application Protocol) - Authentication (AAA) Tech - AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding), H-ARQ (Hybrid ARQ) - FCS (Fast Cell Searching), MIMO (Multi-input-Multi-output Processing) 4. LAN/WAN Technology (Network Tech) - Routing Protocol (IGP/EGP) 5. Application Technology (Application Tech) - ARP, DNS, DHCP Protocol 20 10
2. 네트워크구분 Server Site 21 2. 네트워크구분 Server Site 1. 통싞주체의측면에서서비스제공자집단이소속되어있는유선네트워크 2. LAN/WAN Technology (Physical Tech) - EtherNet Cabling (802.3 series) - WAN interface Cabling 3. LAN Technology (Data-Link Tech) - EtherNet Protocol (MAC/LLC) - CSMA/CD - EtherNet switching (using MAC address) - Redundant Network Design (Fault Tolerant Design) 4. LAN/WAN Technology (Network Tech) - Routing Protocol (IGP/EGP) 5. Transport Layer Technology (L4 Tech) - Load-Balancer or L4 Switch Tech (Service Availability, Redundancy) 6. Application Technology (Application Tech) - Service Protocol (Http, E-Mail) - Authentication Service (Radius, AAA) 22 11
Chapter 1 Network Intro 1. 네트워크구성목적 2. 네트워크의구붂 - 거리, 동작방식에의한붂류 - 사용기술에따른붂류 3. 네트워크장비의종류 4. 네트워크케이블의구붂 (Physical Layer) 23 3. 네트워크장비의종류 24 12
3. 네트워크장비의종류 OSI 7 Layer TCP/IP, DoD Application Presentation Application Session Transport Transport Network InterNet Data Link Data Link Physical Physical DoD : United States Department of Defense 25 3. 네트워크장비의종류 TCP/IP, DoD Data Application HTML (WEB), e-mail (SMTP, POP), FTP, Telnet, DHCP, DNS, NTP, IRC, SNMP, SSH, SSL/TLS, IMAP, Megaco, MGCP, SIP, RPC, BGP, RIP Segment Transport TCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP, IL, RUDP, RSVP Packet InterNet IP (IPv4, IPv6), ICMP, IGMP, ICMPv6, OSPF ARP, RARP, OSPF (IPv4/IPv6), IS-IS, NDP Frame Data Link EtherNet, Token-Ring, HDLC, PPP, ATM Bit Physical DoD : United States Department of Defense PDU : Protocol Data Unit 26 13
3. 네트워크장비의종류 Frame Header IP Header TCP / UDP Header App Header + Data Frame Tail Data Frame Frame MAC Address FCS 32 Bit Data Packet IP Address Data Segment Port Number 27 3. 네트워크장비의종류 Frame Header IP Header TCP / UDP Header App Header + Data Frame Tail L2 Switch MAC Address L2 Switch FCS 32 Bit L3 Router IP Address L4 Switch Port Number L7 Switch App Header App Data 28 14
Chapter 1 Network Intro 1. 네트워크구성목적 2. 네트워크의구붂 - 거리, 동작방식에의한붂류 - 사용기술에따른붂류 3. 네트워크장비의종류 4. 네트워크케이블의구붂 (Physical Layer) 29 4. 케이블의분류 (Physical Layer) Coaxial Cables Coaxial Cable a single copper conductor a layer of shielding with a ground wire an outer jacket Coaxial Cable Uses Coaxial cables are sometimes used for bus topologies, but many LAN products are dropping support of coaxial cable connectivity. The Ethernet LAN protocol was originally developed to operate over coaxial cables. 10Base5 / Thicknet cable: is an RG/U-8 coaxial cable. was the original Ethernet cable. is no longer in use in modern LANs. 10Base2 / Thinnet cable: is an RG/U-58 coaxial cable. has a smaller diameter than Thicknet. replaced Thicknet. is no longer recommended, but is still used in some very small LANs. 30 15
4. 케이블의분류 (Physical Layer) UTP Cables Unshielded Twisted Pair LANs, telephone systems, four color-coded pairs 8 pin modular connectors called RJ-45 plugs UTP Cable Uses There are 6 categories (levels) for UTP cable. These support low-speed voice signals and high-speed LAN signals. Category 5 UTP is the recommended minimum category for LAN installations. It is well-suited to star topologies. The following chart shows the specifications for each category: Category Performance (MHz) Usage CAT 1 1 Voice, Mainframe, Dumb Terminal CAT 2 4 4 MB Token Ring (IEEE 802.5) CAT 3 10 10MB Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) CAT 4 20 16 MB Token Ring (IEEE 802.5) CAT 5 100 100 MB Ethernet (Fast Ethernet), CAT 5E 1GB (IEEE802.3ab) CAT 6 250 100 MB Ethernet (Fast Ethernet), 1GB (IEEE802.3ab) 31 4. 케이블의분류 (Physical Layer) STP Cables Shielded Twisted Pair a special kind of telephone or data net wiring. an outer covering or shield is added. It s originated with IBM's Token-Ring networks. What are Drawbacks of STP? STP cable has several drawbacks : Its attenuation may increase at high frequencies. At high frequencies, balance may decrease if the effects of the shield are not compensated for leading to crosstalk and signal noise. The biggest drawback is the cost and physical size of the cabling. 32 16
4. 케이블의분류 (Physical Layer) Fiber Cables Fiber Optic Cable Core, Cladding, Jacket. Information is transmitted by wavelengths of light. What are the Advantages of Fiber Optics? high bandwidth capacity (many gigabits per second). longer distances between devices (from 2 to over 60 kilometers). immunity to electromagnetic interferences Fiber optic cables are widely used in WANs for both voice and data communications. The primary barrier to their widespread use in LANs is the cost of electronics. The cost of the fiber optic cables themselves is comparable to UTP LAN cables. 33 4. 케이블의분류 (Physical Layer) Fiber Cables MT-RJ MT-RJ Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack Using Server Farm LC SFP Small Form-Factor Pluggable LC (Lucent Connector) Type Connector ST SC GBIC Gigabit Interface Connector ST (Subscribe Tip) Type Connector SC (Subscriber Connector) Type Connector 34 17
4. 케이블의분류 (Physical Layer) Cables Type Name Medium specified distance 1000BASE-CX Balanced copper cabling 25 meters 1000BASE-LX Multi-mode fiber 550 meters 1000BASE-LX Single-mode fiber 5 km 1000BASE-SX Multi-mode fiber using 850 nm wavelength 550 meters 1000BASE-LH Single-mode or multi-mode fiber using 1310 nm wavelength 10 km 1000BASE-ZX Single-mode fiber at 1550 nm wavelength ~ 70 km 1000BASE-LX10 Single-mode fiber using 1310 nm wavelength 10 km 1000BASE-BX10 Single-mode fiber, over single-strand fiber: 1490 nm downstream 1310 nm upstream 10 km 1000BASE-T Twisted-pair cabling (CAT-5, CAT-5e, CAT-6, or CAT-7) 100 meters 1000BASE-TX Twisted-pair cabling (CAT-6, CAT-7) 100 meters Single-mode fiber has yellow color jacket Multi-mode fiber has orange color jacket 35 4. 케이블의분류 (Physical Layer) Cable Connectors ISO 8877 (RJ-45) connectors and jacks are slightly larger than RJ-11 phone connectors and jacks AUI connectors are DB15 SC Fiber Connector Port 36 18
4. 케이블의분류 (Physical Layer) UTP Straight Cable Straight-through Cable Hub/Switch Pin Label 1 RD+ 2 RD- 3 TD+ 4 NC 5 NC 6 TD- 7 NC 8 NC Server/Router Pin Label 1 TD+ 2 TD- 3 RD+ 4 NC 5 NC 6 RD- 7 NC 8 NC 8 1 1 8 w o w b w g w br o g b br Wires on cable ends are in same order 1 8 1 8 w o w b w g wbr o g b br 37 4. 케이블의분류 (Physical Layer) UTP Cross Cable Cross-Over Cable Hub/Switch Pin Label 1 RD+ 2 RD- 3 TD+ 4 NC 5 NC 6 TD- 7 NC 8 NC Hub/Switch Pin Label 1 RD+ 2 RD- 3 TD+ 4 NC 5 NC 6 TD- 7 NC 8 NC 8 1 1 8 1 8 w o w b w g wbr o g b br Some wires on cable ends are crossed 1 8 w g w b w o wbr g o b br 38 19
4. 케이블의분류 (Physical Layer) Physical Cables Physical Layer Interfacing 기계적, 젂기적, 기능적, 젃차적기능수행 39 4. 케이블의분류 (Physical Layer) Quiz 1. OSI 7 Layer 와 TCP/IP 5 Layer 모델중어느것이먼저만들어졌을까요? 2. OSP 7 Layer의 5,6,7 계층에해당하는 TCP/IP Layer는무엇일까요? 3. 데이터를젂송하려할때암호화와관련된계층은어느계층일까요? 4. 통싞장비중 7 Layer 장비에는무엇이있을까요? 5. Physical ( 물리계층 ) 계층의장비는무엇이있을까요? 6. 센터의 1층장비와 5층에있는장비를연결하려한다. ( 물리적길이가약 500m 내 ) 사용할케이블의종류는어떤것이합당할까요? 7. 서버와노트북을 UTP 케이블로바로연결하여로그정보를다운받으려한다. 어떤케이블을사용하여야할까요? 8. 기존의유휴서버를활용하여싞규서비스구축을위해네트워크를연결하려한다. 서버 NIC Connector Type이네모난모양이고네트워크장비는그보다작은형태이다. 이때사용하여야할케이블타입은어떤형태가되어야할까요? 40 20