박지은외 2 인 : 소아청소년과입원환자의흔한질병코드 ( ) 새로운진료계획의수립에반영하기위하여본연구를 계획하였다. 1. 대상 대상및방법 1997년 1월부터 2008년 12월까지가톨릭대학교인 천성모병원소아청소년과입원환자 ( 생후 1개월-18 세) 를대상으로하

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1 Original Article 소아청소년과입원환자의흔한질병코드들 ( ): 감염질환중심의단일기관연구 가톨릭대학교의과대학소아과학교실 박지은ㆍ이수영ㆍ강진한 Common Disease Codes in Pediatric Inpatients ( ) Ji-Eun Park, M.D., Soo-Young Lee, M.D., and Jin Han Kang, M.D. Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Purpose : In this study, we listed common diseases in pediatric inpatients and evaluated the distribution of diseases by period and age group, in order to estimate the epidemiologic trend. Methods : Patients who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics between 1997 and 2008 were included. Demographic characteristics, date of admission, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code of patients were indentified. Study period was divided into two; early ( ) and late ( ), and age of patients were grouped into four; infancy, early childhood, late childhood, and adolescence. Results : A total of 33,513 patients were admitted for 12 years. In the list of ICD code, Pneumonia (J12-J18; 21.2%) was the most prevalent, followed by gastroenteritis (A00-A09; 17.8%), bronchiolitis (J21; 11.9%), and so on. Common diseases ranked from 1 to 10 comprised the majority (79.1%) of all the inpatients. There was increase in the number of inpatients with respiratory infectious disease (bronchiolitis, otitis media, and sinusitis), enlarged lymph node, or impetigo/cellulitis, but decrease in the number of inpatients with aseptic meningitis, intussusceptions, measles, or nephritic/nephrotic syndrome. The distribution of diseases also showed age group-specific difference. Conclusion : The distribution of diseases by period and age group was different. The epidemiologic trend should be considered in developing the management of strategy for the Department of Pediatrics. (Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 2011;18:54-60) Key Words : International Classification of Diseases, Epidemiology, Pediatrics, Inpatients 1) 서 소아에서발생되는질병의양상과분포는그지역의 경제적, 사회적, 환경적여건과밀접한관계를보이므로, 최근국내의다양한여건변화는질병의역학적특징에 론 영향을주었을것이라고추정된다 1, 2) 과거에는 접수 : 2010년 12월 17 일, 수정 : 2011년 2월 22일승인 : 2011년 3월 5일책임저자 : 강진한, 가톨릭대학교의과대학소아과학교실 Tel : 02) , Fax : 02) kjhan@catholic.ac.kr. 대한소 아과학회통계위원회의에서소아입원환자에대한자료 를정기적으로보고 3, 4) 하였고몇몇대학병원에서도지역 별자료를보고 5-7) 하였으나, 최근 10여년이상유사한 보고는없었다. 일개대학병원의자료가전체적인질병 의역학을대표할수는없으나, 연구병원은인천지역 2 차병원으로소아청소년에서흔히발생되는질병의양상 과분포를대략적으로파악할수있는표본자료는될수 있다고여겨진다. 이에저자들은소아청소년과에입원하는흔한원인질 병을조사하여, 기간별ㆍ연령군별질병의분포를확인하 고역학적변화를추정하여, 연구병원의소아청소년과의 54

2 박지은외 2 인 : 소아청소년과입원환자의흔한질병코드 ( ) 새로운진료계획의수립에반영하기위하여본연구를 계획하였다. 1. 대상 대상및방법 1997년 1월부터 2008년 12월까지가톨릭대학교인 천성모병원소아청소년과입원환자 ( 생후 1개월-18 세) 를대상으로하였다. 연구병원은 45병상의소아청소년과 입원병동을운영하는 2 차대학병원 ( 총 433 병상) 이다. 연 구기간은전산확인이가능한 상질병은 12 년으로선정하였고, 대 1, 2차병원에서흔하게접할수있는감염질 환을중심으로조사하기위하여, 국제질병분류 10차개 정 (International Classification of Diseases, ICD- 10) 8) 을토대로 신생물 (C00-D48) 과 출생전후기에 기원한특정병태(P00-P96), 선천기형, 변형및염색 체이상(Q00-Q99) 등을제외한, 12 질병구역(disease blocks) 에속하는질병을대상으로하였다 (Table 1). 2. 방법 대상환자의인구학적특징, 입원일, 재원일, ICD-10 의 3 단위숫자항목분류표 (list of three-character ca- tegories) 기준의퇴원시질병코드(disease code) 를 조사하여, 기간별ㆍ연령별다빈도질병을확인하였다. 연 구기간은전반기 ( ) 와후반기 ( ) 로양분하였고대상환자의연령은영아기 (infancy; 1개 월-1 세미만), 유아기 (early childhood; 1-5 세), 학령 기(late childhood; 6-10 세) 및청소년기 (adolescence; 세), 4 군으로구분하여, 기간별ㆍ연령군별다빈 도질병을비교하였다. 1. 결 과 전체입원환자수와인구학적특징 12년간소아청소년과의입원환자수는총 33,513 명이 었다. 연평균입원환자수는 2,792 ± 456 명이었고, 연도 별입원환자수는 2006 년 3,896 명으로가장많았고 1998 년 2,373 명으로가장적었다. 평균재원일은 4.5± 3.1일 이었고 1997년 5.5일에서 2008년 3.0일로연도별감소 추세를보였다. 월별입원환자비율은 12월에 9.9% 로 가장높았고, 11 월(9.7%), 5 월(9.4%), 4 월(9.0%), 10 월(8.7%), 6 월(8.6%), 7 월(8.5%), 1 월(7.7%), 3 월(7.5 Table 1. List of Disease Blocks in Pediatric Inpatients Between 1997 and 2008 Disease blocks (ICD-10) A00-B99 D50-D89 E00-E90 G00-G99 H00-H95 I00-I99 J00-J99 K00-K93 L00-L99 M00-M99 N00-N99 R00-R99 Title Certain infectious and parasitic diseases Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanisms Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases Diseases of the nervous system Diseases of the eye, adnexa and the ear, mastoid process Diseases of the circulatory system Diseases of the respiratory system Diseases of the digestive system Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue Diseases of the genitourinary system Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified No. of inpatients N=33,513 (%) 7,852 (23.4) 633 ( 1.9) 171 ( 0.5) 1,612 ( 4.8) 250 ( 0.7) 90 ( 0.3) 17,027 (50.8) 1,198 ( 3.6) 440 ( 1.3) 651 ( 1.9) 1,053 ( 3.1) 2,536 ( 7.6) Abbreviation : ICD, international classification of diseases 55

3 Fig. 1. Number of inpatients by year and age group. %), 9 월(7.5%), 8 월(7.5%), 2 월(6.1%) 순이었다. 입원환자의남녀비는 1.36:1 로, 2001 년(0.9:1) 을제 외한나머지 11 년은모두남아의비율이높았다. 평균연 령( 월령) 은 40.7± 40.9 개월이었고연도별 (1999 년, 35.8 개월; 2008 년, 44.1 개월) 로차이를보이기도하였다. 연 령군별로는유아기환자가 48.4% (16,208 명) 로가장 많았고, 영아기 27.5% (9,224 명), 학령기 17.4% (5,827 명), 청소년기 6.7% (2,254 명) 였다(Fig. 1). 2. 기간별다빈도질병코드 전체 33,513 명중 50.8% 는호흡기질환(J00-J99) 의질병구역에속하였다 (Table 1). 다빈도질병코드별 로는폐렴(J12-J18; 21.2%), 장염(A00-A09; 17.8%), 모세기관지염 (J21; 11.9%), 상기도감염(J00, J06; 7.3%), 무균수막염 (G02, G03; 4.5%) 등의순이었다 (Table 2). 다빈도 1-10위질병코드는전체입원환자 수의 79.1% 를차지하였으며, 1-50 위는전체의 97.2 % 를 차지하였다. 기간별입원환자수는전반기 ( ) 15,195 명에서후반기 ( ) 18,318명으로 20.5% 증 가하였다. 전반기와비교할때, 후반기입원환자수가 150% 이상증가한질병은모세기관지염 (151%), 상기 도감염(205%), 발열(165%), 바이러스구내염 / 점막염 (345%), 림프절종대(234%), 중이염 (651%), 결막염 (196%), 부비동염 (379%), 성홍열 (167%), 농가진 / 봉 와직염 (318%), 역류/ 폐쇄신증(354%), 두통(282%), 수두(218%), 위식도역류/ 식도염 (200%), 간질지속상 태(165%), 포도알균화상피부증후군 (350%), 대상포 진(200%) 이었고, 이와상반되게전반기와비교하여환 자수가 50% 전후로감소한질병은무균수막염 (37%), 장중첩증 (38%), 홍역(100%), 기관지염 (45%), 신증후 군/ 신염(25%), 복통(47%), 볼거리 (56%), 세균수막염 (45%), 백일해 (47%) 였다(Table 2). 3. 연령군별다빈도질병코드 연령군별로다빈도질병코드의분포에차이를보였다 (Fig. 2). 영아기에는모세기관지염 (32.7%) 과장염(19.4 %), 요로감염 (5.5%), 장중첩증 (2.1%). 홍역(1.2%) 이 높은빈도를보였고, 유아기에는폐렴(27.4%) 과장염 (19.5%), 열성경련 / 경련질환 (4.2%), 가와사끼병 (2.4%), 학령기에는폐렴(25.9%) 과무균수막염 (11.6%), 상기 도감염(9.5%), 림프절종대(8.1%), 천식(5.4%), 알레 르기자반증 (4.1%), 청소년기에는무균수막염 (11.4%) 과위/ 십이지장염 (5.9%), 혈뇨(3.9%), 홍역(2.0%), 당 뇨(1.5%), 볼거리 (1.2%) 가가장높은빈도를보였다. 연령군별 1-10위까지의다빈도질병은영아기전체입 원환자의 83.8% 를차지하였고, 유아기의 82.9%, 학령 기의 84.3%, 청소년기의 61.5% 를차지하였다. 즉, 청소 56

4 박지은외 2 인 : 소아청소년과입원환자의흔한질병코드 ( ) Table 2. Common Diseases in Pediatric Inpatients Between 1997 and 2008 Rank Others Disease (code) Pneumonia (J12-J18) Gastroenteritis (A00-A09) Bronchiolitis (J21) Upper respiratory infections (J00, J06) Aseptic meningitis (G02, G03) Asthma (J45) Pharyngotonsillitis (J02, J03) Convulsions or seizures (R56) Croups (J04, J05) Fever (R50) Urinary tract infections (N30, N34, N39) Viral stomatitis/mucositis (B08, B09) Kawasaki diseases (M30) Allergic purpura (D69) Intussusceptions (K56) Enlarged lymph node/lymphadenitis (I88, L04, R59) Measles (B05) Hematuria (R31) Gastritis and duodenitis (K25-K31) Otitis media (H65, H66) Gingivostomatitis (K05, K12) Conjunctivitis (B30, H10-H13) Sinusitis (J01, J32) Scarlet fever (A38) Bronchitis (J20) Nephritic/nephrotic syndrome (N00, N04, N05) Urticaria/erythema (L50-L51) Impetigo/cellulitis (L01-L03) Herpes simplex infections (B00) Obstructive and reflux uropathy (N13) Inflammatory liver diseases (K75) Headache (R51) Chicken pox (B01) Vomiting (R11) Diabetes mellitus (E10-E14) Abdominal pain (R10) Infectious mononucleosis (B27) Mumps (B26) Anemia (D50-D59) Gastroesophageal reflux/esophagitis (K20-K23) Hepatitis A (B15) Encephalitis (G04, G94) Status epilepticus (G41) Constipation (K59) Tuberculosis (A15-A19) Bacterial meningitis (G00, G01) Inflammatory bowel diseases (K50-K52) Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (L00) Whooping cough (A37) Herpes zoster (B02) No. of inpatients [ ; ] N=33,513 (%) 6,915 (21.2) 5,798 (17.8) 3,867 (11.9) 2,369 ( 7.3) 1,455 ( 4.5) 1,315 ( 4.0) 1,210 ( 3.7) 1,112 ( 3.4) 964 ( 3.0) 782 ( 2.4) 760 ( 2.3) 739 ( 2.3) 599 ( 1.8) 448 ( 1.4) 423 ( 1.3) 344 ( 1.0) 316 ( 1.0) 265 ( 0.8) 237 ( 0.7) 203 ( 0.6) 180 ( 0.6) 163 ( 0.5) 139 ( 0.4) 136 ( 0.4) 134 ( 0.4) 134 ( 0.4) 115 ( 0.4) 113 ( 0.3) 111 ( 0.3) 109 ( 0.3) 95 ( 0.3) 88 ( 0.3) 86 ( 0.3) 85 ( 0.3) 76 ( 0.2) 72 ( 0.2) 67 ( 0.2) 64 ( 0.2) 63 ( 0.2) 60 ( 0.2) 59 ( 0.2) 49 ( 0.2) 45 ( 0.1) 37 ( 0.1) 35 ( 0.1) 29 ( 0.1) 28 ( 0.1) 27 ( 0.1) 25 ( 0.1) 21 ( 0.1) 947 ( 2.8) (N=15,195); (N=18,318) [2,989; 3,926] [2,478; 3,320] [1,543; 2,324] [777; 1,592] [1,060; 395] [642; 673] [732; 478] [505; 607] [468; 496] [295; 487] [372; 388] [166; 573] [331; 268] [262; 186] [306; 117] [103; 241] [316; 0] [120; 145] [107; 130] [27; 176] [89; 91] [55; 108] [29; 110] [51; 85] [92; 42] [107; 27] [64; 51] [27; 86] [44; 67] [24; 85] [47; 48] [23; 65] [27; 59] [50; 35] [38; 38] [49; 23] [35; 32] [41; 23] [39; 24] [20; 40] [34; 25] [23; 26] [17; 28] [17; 20] [19; 16] [20; 9] [12; 16] [6; 21] [17; 8] [7; 14] [473; 474] 57

5 Fig. 2. Distribution of diseases by age group. 년기에는다른연령군보다 하는비율이상대적으로높았다. 고 10위권밖의질병들이차지 입원환자수가증가한원인은, 입원이필요한질병이 증가하였다는의학적이유뿐만아니라, 국내ㆍ외유사한 연구 1, 2, 5) 에서지적되었듯이, 지역사회의의료시설증가, 다른국가에비해상대적으로저렴한의료비용, 건강보 험및사보험적용확대등의사회경제적인측면에서의 료접근성이용이해진것도중요한이유가될것이다. 또 찰 한, 이러한의학이외요인들은입원적절성 (appropriateness of hospitalization) 9, 10) 에도영향을주기때문 에, 이를보완하기위한연구들 11-13) 도진행되고있다. 본연구에서기간별다빈도질병코드를비교하면, 호 흡기감염질환 ( 모세기관지염, 중이염, 부비동염 ) 과림프 절종대, 농가진 / 봉와직염등의증가와무균수막염, 장 중첩증, 홍역, 신증구군 / 신염등의감소로요약할수있 다. 현재대한소아과학회에서추천하는예방접종 14) 과관 련된질병들을기준으로나열하면, 수두와대상포진의 입원환자수가증가한것을제외하고홍역과볼거리, A형 간염, 결핵, 백일해의입원환자수는감소를보였으며세 균수막염입원환자수의감소도관찰되었다. 연구대학의과거자료 ( ) 7) 와본연구결과 의질병구역(Table 1) 을비교할때, 호흡기질환(J00-58

6 박지은외 2 인 : 소아청소년과입원환자의흔한질병코드 ( ) J99) 과 근골격및결합조직의질환(M00-M99) 의증 가와이와상반되게 특정감염및기생충질환 (A00- B99) 과 신경계통의질환(G00-G99), 비뇨생식기계 통의질환(N00-N99) 의감소를확인할수있다. 하지 만, 이러한결과들이소아청소년입원환자에서전반적인 감염질환의감소와직결되지는않는다. 왜냐하면, 특정 병원체가확인된감염질환은감소하였지만, 호흡기감염 질환과피부감염질환같이해부학적부위별감염질환은 높은빈도를차지하였고감염원인과직, 간접적으로연 관된질환들의증가도주목해야하기때문이다. 본연구의결과, 연령군별다빈도질병코드의분포에 차이를보이기도하였다. 특히, 청소년기에는다른연령 군에비해상대적으로하기도질환의빈도는낮았으나 소화기질환의빈도는높았고, 특정질병에편중되기보 다는좀더다양한진단명으로입원하는양상을보였다. 본연구는몇가지제한점이있으므로, 그결과를올바 르게이해해야한다. 우선, 일개병원의후향적인연구였 다는점이외에도, 입원환자의증감에영향을줄수있는 사회경제적인요소를고려하지못하였다는점, 전산으로 확인가능한자료를조사하였기때문에임상양상과치료 방법, 예후등을연구에포함시킬수없었다는점, 별도 의통계분석없이질병코드별로분류하고나열하기만 했다는제한점을지닌다. 하지만, 본연구의결과가연구 병원소아청소년과의중장기적인진료계획을수립하기 위한기초자료로, 그리고소아청소년과질병의역학적 변화를대략적으로파악할수있는표본자료로활용되 기를기대한다. 요 목적 : 소아청소년과에입원하는흔한원인질병을조 사하여, 기간별ㆍ연령군별질병의분포를확인하고그 역학적변화를추정하기위하여본연구를계획하였다. 방법 : 1997 년부터 2008 년까지소아청소년과입원환 자를대상으로, 인구학적특징, 입원일, 질병코드 (ICD- 10) 를조사하였다. 연구기간은전반기 ( ) 와 약 후반기 ( ) 로양분하였고, 연령은영아기, 유 아기, 학령기및청소년기, 4군으로구분하여다빈도질 병을비교하였다. 결과 : 12년간입원환자수는총 33,513 명이었다. 다 빈도질병은폐렴(J12-J18; 21.2%), 장염(A00-A09; 17.8%), 모세기관지염 (J21; 11.9%) 등순이었고, 1-10 위다빈도질병은전체의 79.1% 를차지하였다. 기간별 비교에서호흡기감염질환 ( 모세기관지염, 중이염, 부비 동염) 과림프절종대, 농가진 / 봉와직염으로입원한환자 수는증가하였고무균수막염, 장중첩증, 홍역, 신증후군 / 신염으로입원한환자수는감소하였다. 연령군별로다빈 도질병의분포에차이를보이기도하여서질병에따른 호발연령군을확인하였다. 결론 : 다빈도질병은기간별ㆍ연령군별로차이를보 였다. 이러한역학적변화는소아청소년과의진료계획 수립에반영되어야할것이다. References 1) Stanton B, Behrman RE. Overview of pediatrics. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BE, editors. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 2007: ) Chamberlain JM, Joseph JG, Patel KM, Pollack MM. Differences in severity-adjusted pediatric hospitalization rates are associated with race/ethnicity. Pediatrics 2007; 119:e ) Sohn KC, Cho SS, Doh KC, Choi Y, Chung KS, Kum DH, et al. Statistical observation for pediatric inpatients. J Korean Pediatr Soc 1984;27:1-8. 4) Lee KS, Chung KS, Ryoo KY, Lee WG, Lee SB, Kang SJ. Statistical analysis of pediatric diseases in Korea. J Korean Pediatr Soc 1988;31: ) Kim HJ, Jung YM, Park SK, Park HJ, Shin MJ, Kang SC. The statistical observation for pediatric inpatients ( ). J Korean Pediatr Soc 1993;36: ) Choi SN, Chung YH, Kim YW, Kim BK. Statistical survey on pediatric patients admitted to Kwangju Christian Hospital during 5 years. J Korean Pediatr Soc 1990;33: ) Han YC, Kim HK, Lee BC, Lee KS, Cho SH, Lee DB. 59

7 Statistical observations for pediatric inpatients ( ). J Korean Pediatr Soc 1987;30: ) World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10th revision apps/icd/icd10online/navi.htm (accessed Dec 15, 2010). 9) Kemper KJ. Medically inappropriate hospital use in a pediatric population. N Engl J Med 1988;318: ) Gloor JE, Kissoon N, Joubert GI. Appropriateness of hospitalization in a Canadian pediatric hospital. Pediatrics 1993;91: ) Onady GM. A community collaborative practice experience between Med/Peds and family practice. Am J Med 1997;102: ) Zebrack M, Kadish H, Nelson D. The pediatric hybrid observation unit: an analysis of 6477 consecutive patient encounters. Pediatrics 2005;115:e ) Lee JY, Choi UY, Lee SY, Lee JY, Lee BC, Hwang HS, et al. An analysis of one-year experience of pediatric observation unit: The first report in Korea. Korean J Pediatr 2007;50: ) The Korean Pediatric Society Recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule. In: Lee HJ, ed. Immunization Guideline. 6th ed. Seoul: The Korean Pediatric Society; 2008:

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