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1 Comparative Literature, 72, 5-34 (2017) DOI 1) < >,,,,. * 2007 ( ) (NRF AL0016).

2 ,,, < >,, (Artificial Intelligence).?...,,.,. (affective capability). 1) 1) Elizabeth A. Wilson, Affect and Artificial Intelligence (Seattle: U of Washington P, 2010) Matthias Schueutz, The Affect Dilemma for Artificial Agents: Should We Develop

/.,.... 4 ( ). 2) Affective Artificial Agents?

3 /., ( ). 2) Affective Artificial Agents? IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 3 (2012): , Orit Halpern, Affective Machines, Technology and Culture 53 (2012): ) Luciano Floridi, The Fourth Revolution: How the Infosphere is Reshaping Human Reality, (London: Oxford UP, 2014),

4 , (Floridi) 3 (third-order technology) < >(Wall-E 2008). 3) (Eve) (Fembot).. (< 1>).,.,,. < >(Blade Runner 1982), < >., ( ),, 3) (Fritz Lang) < >(Metropolis 1927).

5 /.. 3, 4..,. 4) (Wendell Wallach) (Colin Allen),. (precautionary principle),...,.,.,., 4) (agent), Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen, Moral Machine: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong (London: Oxford UP, 2009).

6 .. 5),. (Alex Garland) 2015 < >(Ex Machina)....?? 5) Derek Thompson, A World Without Work, The Atlantic (July/August 2015), Web.

7 / < >(The Matrix 1999),., (Das Unheimliche).,,. 21 (Frankenstein) < >(Transcendence 2014),, (glich).,. (Harry May) (Alpha),. 6),. (AlphaGo) IBM (Deep Blue) ,.. 7) 6) Matt Movak, A Robot Has Shoot Its Master, The Slate (30 Nov. 2011), Web ,.. 7) Michael Jones, Yes, the Robots Will Steal Our Jobs. And That s Fine, Washington Post (17 Feb. 2016), Web.

8 ,.,,. 8),,,,,......,,..,.,.. 9)? 8) Nick Bostrom and Eliezer Yudkowsky, Introduction, Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, Ed. Keith Frankish and William Ramsey (New York: Cambridge UP, 2014), 2. 9) Ibid., 4. 1.

9 /,.,.,.,.. 10),,. < >,.?.,. (the exception is the rule). 11). 10) Nick Bostrom and Eliezer Yudkowsky, The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, Ed. Keith Frankish and William Ramsey (New York: Cambridge UP, 2014), ) Slavoj Žižek, The Ticklish Subject (London: Verso, 1999) 103.

10 .,,.,..,.,.,... < >(Ex Machina 2015). < >.

11 /. < >,.,...., (I've seen things you people wouldn't believe... All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain. Time to die). (Kazuo Ishiguro) < > (Never Let Me Go 2010),,. 12). 12) < > < >.,.

12 ., (What I'm not sure about is if our lives have been so different from the lives of the people we save)... Kathy H, Tommy D < >.. < >. (Turing Test),. 13),.,. (Ava) (Nathan) (Caleb), 13)..,,.

13 /. (The real test is to show you that she s a robot and then see if you still feel she has consciousness).,.,... < >...., ( )....,. (session)..

14 (android consciousness).,,....,..?., (< 2>)..,.,., ( ). 14) 14).

15 /, ( )....,,.,., < > (misrecognition). ( ) ( ).

16 . (femme fatal) ,..,,.... (Kyoko).

17 /.,.(< 3-1> < 3-2>)....,. ( ) ( ).. (rescue fantasy). 15). ( ) (courtly love), 15) Sigmund Freud, A Special Type of Choice of Object made by Men (Contributions to the Psychology of Love I), The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, trans. James Strachey, vol. XI (London: Hogarth, 1910) 172.

18 ,. 16). ( ). (< 4-1> < 4-2> ), ( ). 16) (identification) (= ). Sigmund Freud, Mourning and Melancholia, The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, trans. James Strachey, vol. XIV (London: Hogarth, 1914).

19 /.. (desiring machine) (Deleuze 8-9). (becoming-machine).,...

20 ,.. (unnecessary cruelness),. 17)., 17) Nick Jones, Ex Machina by Alex Garland, Science Fiction Film and Television. 9 (2016):

21 /. ( )....., (patch-up).....,.,. 18). 18), Mulvey.

22 ,..,.., ( )..?(Can you give me an example of consciousness, human or animal, that exists without a sexual dimension?). /..

23 /. < >..,.. 19), ( ), < > ( 半 )..,.,,.,.,... < > 19) < >(Her 2013).

24 .., ( ). ( ),..... < >,.. < > 20).., (affective responsiveness). (deux ex machina) (ex machina), (affect) (affectation).. (Klimt),, 20) Nick Jones,, 303.

25 /.. (mimicry) (masquerading)... < > < >(Under the Skin). (Woman),. ( ). ( ). ( )..,,..,.

26 ,..,.,.,.., < >.,..,,.,.., < >., ( ).

27 / ( )..,..... < >,,,. 21).,, (= ). 22).,,,, (posthuman) 21) Nick Jones,, ) Ara Osterweil, Under the Skin: The Perils of Becoming Female, Film Quarterly 67 (2014): 44.

28 . 23),,....,,.. < >, < >.. ( ),.. Bostrom, Nick and Eliezer Yudkowsky. The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. Ed. Keith Frankish and William Ramsey. New York: Cambridge UP, Braidotti, Rosi. The Posthuman. London: Polity, ) Rosi Braidotti, The Posthuman, (London: Polity, 2013). 3.

29 / Deleuze, Gilles. Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem, and Helen R. Lane. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P Freud, Sigmund. A Special Type of Choice of Object Made by Men. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Trans. James Strachey. Vol. XI. London: Hogarth, Freud, Sigmund. Mourning and Melancholia. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Trans. James Strachey. Vol. XIV. London: Hogarth, Garland, Alex. Ex Machina. UPI Glazer, Jonathan. Under the Skin. Film Halpern, Orit. Affective Machines. Technology and Culture. 53 (2012): Jones, Michael. Yes, the Robots Will Steal Our Jobs. And That s Fine. Washington Post. 17 Feb Web. Jones, Nick. Ex Machina by Alex Garland. Science Fiction Film and Television. 9 (2016): Luciano Floridi, The Fourth Revolution: How the Infosphere is Reshaping Human Reality, (London: Oxford UP, 2014), Movak, Matt. A Robot Has Shoot Its Master. The Slate. 30 Nov Web. Mulvey. Laura. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Film Theory and Criticism. Ed. Leo Braudy and Marshall Cohen. New York: Oxford UP, Osterweil, Ara. Under the Skin: The Perils of Becoming Female. Film Quarterly. 67 (2014): Rose, Katharine. Should We Be Scared? The Huffington Post. May 19, Web. Schueutz, Matthias. The Affect Dilemma for Artificial Agents: Should We Develop Affective Artificial Agents? IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing. 3 (2012): Thompson, Derek. A World Without Work, The Atlantic. July/August Web. Wallach, Wendell and Colin Allen. Moral Machine: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong. London: Oxford UP, Wilson, Elizabeth A. Affect and Artificial Intelligence. Seattle: U of Washington P, Žižek, Slavoj. The Ticklish Subject (London: Verso, 1999) 103.

30 ABSTRACT Anthropocentrism in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and Otherization Kang, Woosung Discourses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) abound with ambivalent attitudes concerning the future of humankind. These are the answers to the time old question as to whether AI will contribute to the advancement of human relation with man-made machines. Deep down in the AI discourses there lurks a fundamental problem of overcoming anthropocentrism. Especially in the realm of cinema, the so-called AI films consistently demonstrated serious concerns about the possible disasters men could neither program, nor predict, nor prevent. Proponents of AI technology rely on the unfounded belief in man s superiority of general capability over AI s specific performativity. This paper attempts to rebut this anthropocentric belief in the human perfectability: man s general excellence must not be verified because of man s impossibility to pre-program all the unpredictable variables; man is not the being of conscious but of unconscious and affect. In a detailed analysis of a recent AI film Ex Machina, this paper argues that the dream of making an affective AI constitutes a mere fantasy, while insisting that underneath the very fantasy there remain persistent anthropocentric problems concerning man s mastery over woman, racial others, and alien beings. Key words: Artificial Intelligence, affective capability, anthropocentrism, Ex Machina, Fantasy, Otherization

I&IRC5 TG_08권

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