생물무기금지협약의 최근논의동향

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "생물무기금지협약의 최근논의동향"

종환 오
5 years ago
Views:

1 2014 년도생물무기금지협약워크샵 Jeju September 25-26, 2014 생물무기금지협약의최근논의동향 2014 MX (Meeting of Experts) 이희찬 선문대학교

2 Novel: Dan Brown Inferno La Divina Comedia Divine Comedy 神曲 Alighieri Dante (1265 ~ 1321) an epic poem Inferno 地獄 (Hell), Purgatorio 煉獄 (Purgatory), Paradiso 天國 (Paradise) 14,233 lines three canticas 三部 each consisting of 33 cantos ( 節 ) - Intro - total 100 cantos 地狱篇, 炼狱篇, 天堂篇每部 33 首, 最前面增加一首序诗, 一共 100 首

3 History of BWC [B(T)WC] 1971 UN 에서 BWC 채택 1975 BWC 발효 (1987 년한국가입 ) 2013 년가입 : 카메룬, 나우루, 가이아나, 말라위 170 개국 2014 년가입 : 하이티, 미얀마, 네팔, 탄자니아 4 개국사인 (x 비준 ) Review Conference (RevCon: 평가회의 ) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 MX & MSP MX: Meeting of Experts July/August MSP: Meeting of States Parties December 3

4 생물무기금지협약 [B(T)WC] Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention 목적 : 생물작용제또는독소를 폭탄이나포탄등의운반장비를이용하여 인간이나동식물의기능또는수명에영향을줄수있는 생물무기의개발, 생산, 비축의금지와 보유하고있는생물무기의완전폐기 주요내용 : 생물무기가능생물작용제 / 독소의생산보유금지 [1 조 ] 협약이행을위한당사국의국내이행조치의무 [4 조 ] 2007 년 1 월 1 일부터생물무기금지법시행 전염병예방법, 가축전염병예방법, 식물방역법등당사국간양자간 / 다자간협의협력 [5 조 ] 협약위반으로위험에처한당사국원조 [7 조 ] 생물작용제 / 독소의평화적사용촉진및국제협력 [10 조 ] 협약유효기한은무기한 [13 조 ] 4

5 B(T)WC Article Provision Article I Never under any circumstances to acquire or retain biological weapons. 생물및독소무기의개발, 생산, 저장, 취득, 보유의금지 Article II To destroy or divert to peaceful purposes biological weapons and associated resources prior to joining. 생물무기등의파기 Article III Not to transfer, or in any way assist, encourage or induce anyone else to acquire or retain biological weapons. 생물무기등의비확산 Article IV To take any national measures necessary to implement the provisions of the BWC domestically. (NI, CBM) 조약의국내실시조치의확보 Article V To consult bilaterally and multilaterally to solve any problems with the implementation of the BWC. (Verification, Compliance: 자체 / 상호검증 ) Article VI To request the UN Security Council to investigate alleged breaches of the BWC and to comply with its subsequent decisions. (Verification, Compliance: UNSC 경유 ) 안보리에불만제기 Article VII To assist States which have been exposed to a danger as a result of a violation of the BWC. (Assistance: Breach of BWC) 원조, 지원 Article X To do all of the above in a way that encourages the peaceful uses of biological science and technology (Cooperation; Peaceful purpose) 국제협력 5

6 2014 BWC Meeting of Experts 전문가회의 Third year of the third inter-sessional process 기간및장소 회의기간 : ( 월 ) ~ 8. 8( 금 ) (5 일간 ) 회의장소 : 스위스제네바 UNOG (United Nations Office at Geneva) 의장및참가국 / 참가기관 의장 : Ms. Urs Schmid ( 스위스대사 ) 부의장 : Mazlan Muhammad ( 말레이시아대사 ), Judit Koromi ( 헝가리 ) 참가국 : 생물무기금지협약 (BWC) 170 개당사국중 89 개국 (+4+2) ( 한국, 미국, 영국, 독일, 프랑스, 스위스, 호주, 일본, 중국, 러시아, 이란, 쿠바, Algeria, Belarus, Benin, Burkina Faso, Estonia, Holy See, Madagascar, Malta, 등 ) (Haiti, Myanmar, Nepal, Tanzania) (Israel, Mauritania) 국제기구 : EU, FAO, ICRC( 적십자회 ), INTERPOL, OPCW, WHO, OIE, UNODA, UN Security Council Resolution 1540 Committee, UNIDIR, UNICRI, OCHA DCVMN( 개발도상국백신제조자넷웤 ), IAP, MIT, BIO 6

7 BWC 2014 MX State Parties: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape (Cabo) Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People s Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People s Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands (Republic of), Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Timor Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe(170) Signatories: Central African Republic, Côte d'ivoire, Egypt, Haiti, Liberia, Myanmar, Nepal, Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Republic of Tanzania(10) Non-Signatory States: Andorra, Angola, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Guinea, Israel, Kiribati, Mauritania, Micronesia (Federal States of), Namibia, Niue, Samoa, South Sudan, Tuvalu(16) And?: Palestine, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Kosovo, Namibia, 7

8 89 개당사국 ( ) 참가 State Parties: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Holy See, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People s Democratic Republic, Latvia, Libya, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Yemen (89 vs 81 in 2013) Signatories: Haiti, Myanmar, Nepal, United Republic of Tanzania (4) Non-Signatory States: Israel, Mauritania (2) 8

9 Working Group in BWC NAM: Group of the Non-Aligned Movement and Other States 비동맹국 Eastern European Group Western Group JACKSNNZ (Japan, Australia, Canada, Korea, Swiss, Norway, New Zealand) Australia Group 년호주제안 : 생물무기및화학무기관련물질과장비의국가간이동통제 (41 개회원국 : 1996 년한국가입 ) 9

10 Meeting Chair Working Group간순연 2007: NAM 2008: Eastern European Group 2009: Western Group - Canada 2010: NAM - Chile 2011: Western Group - Netherlands 2012: NAM Algeria 2013: Eastern Group Hungary 2014: Western Group - Swiss 10

11 제 7 차생물무기금지협약평가회의주요의제 2011 년제 7 차평가회의 [12 월 5 일 ( 월 )~12 월 22 일 ( 목 )] 는 Paul van den Ijsell 네덜란드대사를의장으로진행 제 6 차평가회의이후 2007 년 ~2010 년회기간논의된내용을중심으로협약강화를목적으로다양한부분에서논의진행 논의주제 : 1) 협약7조 ( 지원과조정 ) 10조 ( 국제협력 ) 관련메커니즘확립 2) 산업계및학계의참여확대 3) ISU의역할강화 4) 법적유효성이있는신뢰구축방안 CBM 구축 5) 개발도상국및후진국에대한국제협력및글로벌파트너십 6) 2012년 ~2015년회기간작업계획주제논의등협약이행을검증하고강화하기위한세부적인내용의제채택 11

12 RevCon VII Decisions 2012/2013: How to enable fuller participation in the CBMs 2014/2015: How to strengthen implementation of Article VII including consideration of detailed procedures and mechanisms for the provision of assistance and cooperation by States Parties Scientific subjects will be considered in the years indicated: (a) advances in enabling technologies, including high-throughput systems for sequencing, synthesizing and analyzing DNA; bioinformatics and computational tools; and systems biology (2012); (b) advances in technologies for surveillance, detection, diagnosis and mitigation of infectious diseases, and similar occurrences caused by toxins in humans, animals and plants (2013). (c) advances in the understanding of pathogenicity, virulence, toxicology, immunology and related issues (2014); (d) advances in production, dispersal and delivery technologies of biological agents and toxins (2015); 12

13 Major Topics of 2014 MX Cooperation and assistance, with a particular focus on strengthening cooperation and assistance under Article X 국제협력및지원 Review of developments in the field of science and technology related to Convention 과학기술발전 advances in the understanding of pathogenicity, virulence, toxicology, immunology and related issues Strengthening national implementation How to strengthen implementation of Article VII - detailed procedures and mechanisms for the provision of assistance and cooperation by States Parties 13

14 Major Topics of 2014 MX Cooperation and assistance, with a particular focus on strengthening cooperation and assistance under Article X Education, training, exchange and twinning program and other means of developing human resources in the biological sciences and technology relevant to the implementation of the Convention, particularly in developing countries; Capacity-building, through international cooperation, in biosafety and biosecurity, and for detecting, reporting, and responding to outbreaks of infectious disease or biological weapons attacks, including in the areas of preparedness, response, and crisis management and mitigation; Novel Technologies in Surveillance and Detection and Preparedness through Investment in Medical Countermeasures (BIO) Briefing on Operation Sommet (INTERPOL) S 3 OMMET: The Safe, Secure, Surveillance Of Microbiological Material and Emerging Technologies Coordination of cooperation with other relevant international and regional organizations, and other relevant stakeholders. 14

15 Major Topics of 2014 MX Review of developments in the field of science and technology related to the Convention, focusing on advances in the understanding of pathogenicity, virulence, toxicology, immunology and related issues: New science and technology developments that have potential for uses contrary to the provisions of the Convention; New science and technology developments that have potential benefits for the Convention, including those of special relevance to disease surveillance, diagnosis and mitigation; Possible measures for strengthening national biological risk management, as appropriate, in research and development involving new science and technology developments of relevance to the Convention. Voluntary codes of conduct and other measures to encourage responsible conduct by scientists, academia and industry; Education and awareness-raising about risks and benefits of life sciences and biotechnology; Science- and technology-related developments relevant to the activities of multilateral organizations such as the WHO, OIE, FAO, IPPC and OPCW; Any other science and technology developments of relevance to the Convention. 15

16 Major Topics of 2014 MX Strengthening national implementation: A range of specific measures for the full and comprehensive implementation of the Convention, especially Articles III and IV; Ways and means to enhance national implementation, sharing best practices and experiences, including the voluntary exchange of information among States Parties on their national implementation, enforcement of national legislation, strengthening of national institutions and coordination among national law enforcement institutions; Regional and sub-regional cooperation that can assist national implementation of the Convention. National, regional and international measures to improve laboratory biosafety and security of pathogens and toxins; Any potential further measures, as appropriate, relevant for implementation of the Convention. How to strengthen implementation of Article VII, including consideration of detailed procedures and mechanisms for the provision of assistance and cooperation by States Parties. 16

17 Cooperation & Assistance ( 협력및지원 ) 방안 협약 7 조 (Article VII) 와협약 10 조 (Article X) 협약 7 조는적용되는경우가비교적명확하지만, 협약 10 조의경우매우불분명. 협약 7 조 : 당사국이생물무기의위험에피폭된경우, 협약불이행사항으로생물무기가사용된경우및당사국이요청할경우에적용되어협력지원 1) 위험피폭 (exposure to danger) 정도를어떻게정의하는가기술적인문제 2) 이에대하여는 UN Security Council 의입장이중요함이부각 3) 협약국의지원요청에도요청받은국가가불응시에대한대책? 협약 10 조 : 평화적목적으로당사국이기술지원요청할경우 High-tech 생명공학기술을단순요청에의해제공해야하는바이는산업체중심의대가성을요구하는일반적인 tech-transfer' 와크게상치되는부분으로서그동안서방국들을중심으로매우조심스러운입장표명. 이는협약정신으로볼때단순한 donor vs recipient' 개념이거나한쪽이이익을보고다른한쪽은손해보는 zero sum game' 을표명함이결코아님. 1) 협력및지원은일방적이지아니하며당사국간상호동등하게그리고당사국간차별성을두지않고이루어져야함과이를담아낼수있는협약방안 2) 지원을요청하는국가는목적을 specific 하게지정하여지원요청 3) ISU 가지원국을 matching 하는 match maker 역할을담당하는방안 17

18 협약관련과학기술발전평가 과학기술발전의추세 ISU 7 th RevCon (a) Convergence of different scientific disciplines (b) Increasing Understanding of the Life Sciences (c) Trends in Biotechnology rapid expansion of industry Bioindustry bounce back, Capacity Freeze Drying (d) Global Distribution of Capacity China, Africa (e) Open Science information exchange freely, DIYBio (f) Media, Perceptions and Society (g) Cooperation, Biopharmaceutcals, DCVMN (h) Increased requirement of tacit knowledge* *tacit knowledge ( 암묵적인지식 ) 은문서화된설명서나다른형태의수동적인학습에반하여실천적경험 (hands-on experience) 을통해습득되는지식 18

19 협약관련과학기술발전평가 질병에대한이해의증진 Transmissibility, Pathogenicity & virulence, Toxicology, Resistance, Immunology Gain of Function Research Enabling Technology Omics: Gene Sequencing, Proteomics, Metabolomics Systems Engineering, Artificial Cells, Bioinformatics, Algorithm Synthesis of Genetic Materials 질병과독소의탐지, 예방및치료 Biochip, Biosensor, Nanotechnology, NGS Neurobiology Response Capacity 19

20 DNA Sequencing & Synthesis 20

21 21

22 2015 Scientific Subject advances in production, dispersal and delivery technologies of biological agents and toxins AG list ( ) 전략물자관리원 ( ) Control List of Dual-use Biological Equipment and Related Technology and Software Complete containment facilities at P3 or P4 containment level Fermenters, having a capacity of 20 litres or greater Centrifugal Separators Cross (tangential) Flow Filtration Equipment Freeze-drying Equipment Spray-drying Equipment Protective and containment equipment Aerosol inhalation chambers, having a capacity of 1 cubic metre or greater Spraying or fogging systems and components 22

23 국가간이행강화에대한논의 Strengthening national implementation National Export Control Systems (a) Information about proliferation and terrorism involving biological weapons, including any proliferation- or terrorism-related activity, or information about the involvement of any of the parties to the transaction in clandestine or illegal procurement activities; (b) The significance of the transfer in terms of: (1) the appropriateness of the stated end-use (e.g., consistency of the item with the stated end-use, and the consistency of both with the stated enduser), including any relevant assurances submitted by the recipient state or end-user, and (2) the potential development of biological weapons; (c) The assessment of the end-use of the transfer, including whether a transfer has been previously denied to the end-user, whether the end-user has diverted for unauthorized purposes any transfer previously authorized, and, to the extent possible, whether the end-user is capable of securely handling and storing the item transferred; (d) The role of distributors, brokers, or other intermediaries in the transfer, including, where appropriate, their ability to provide authenticated documents specifying the importer and ultimate end-user of the items to be transferred, as well as the credibility of assurances that the items will reach their stated end-users; (e) The capabilities and objectives of the chemical and biological activities of the recipient state and the extent and effectiveness of the export control system of the recipient state, as well as any intermediate states; (f) The applicability of relevant multilateral agreements, including the BWC. There are no easy answers to the challenge of how to increase confidence in compliance with the BWC. 23

24 협약준수방안 Top-down ( 정부주도 ) with Bottom-up Approach 개인, 비정부조직 (NGO), 기업, 정부등관련된모두가 BWC 에대한이해와준수를위한능력을배양하고생물보안 (biosecurity) 및생물안전 (biosafety) 을증강할수있는적절한노력 협약당사국들의고려사항 협약의조항에위배되게사용될수있는과학기술의발전 질병의감시, 진단, 경감등의관련과학기술의발전 당사국의협약준수를위한생물위해경감 관련자들의행동강령, 교육및인식제고방안 WHO, OIE, IPPC 및 OPCW 와같은국제기구의다자간협력에의한활동 24

Hard to Prove - King s College of London Compliance with the Biological Weapons Convention This is not like finding a bomb in a building some place.

25 Hard to Prove - King s College of London Compliance with the Biological Weapons Convention This is not like finding a bomb in a building some place. The challenge in biological inspections is to find information that can be easily disguised and doesn t leave much of a signature. UNSCOM chief biological inspector David Huxsoll 25

26 igem

27 Side Events Schedule Monday 4 August VIRAL GALE: A Tabletop Exercise on Responding to the Terrorist use of a Biological Weapon (Room XXII) -Bavarian Nordic Poster session (outside Room XIX) Tuesday 5 August Global Health Security Agenda (Room XXII) United States International Cooperation in Ensuring Biosecurity: Utilizing Mobile Units Russian Federation (Room XXII) Strengthening the BWC through a legally binding instrument (Room XXII) Russian Federation Wednesday 6 August Learning from History?: The Past and Future Implications of Scientific Developments for the BWC University of Exeter (Room XXII) Microbial Forensics, Understanding Pathogenicity & Synthetic Biology US NAS & KCL (Room XXII) Thursday 7 August Biosecurity Education: Toward and Integrated Approach University of Bradford and University of Insubria (Room XXII) 27

28 BWC related websites 생물무기금지협약 (KoreaBio) Biological Weapons Convention Latest News and Information Seventh Review Conference BWC Think Zone Documents Next / Most Recent Meeting of BWC Registration Forms National Implementation National Implementation Database Compendiums of National Approaches Confidence Building Measures BWC Network BWC Implementation Support Unit EU Joint Action in Support of the BWC Restricted Access Area Info on relevant scientific & technological developments And much more.. 28

29 Q & A 경청해주셔서감사합니다. Thank you for your attention Questions? No hard questions, Please!!! Anything else? 당사국회의 (MSP) 일정 : ( 월 )~ ( 금 ) 29

Microsoft Word - R 선관위 최종 보고서(완성본).docx

Microsoft Word - R 선관위 최종 보고서(완성본).docx 요약 é 1 2 3 4 목차 5 ... 16... 21... 22... 26... 26... 27... 36... 36... 38... 42... 43... 46... 46 ë... 47... 47... 48... 49... 50... 50... 50... 51... 52... 55... 55... 56... 58... 58... 59... 60... 61...