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1 Res Plant Dis 16() : (010) Research in Plant Disease The Korean Society of Plant Pathology l w w z Á 1 Áx»* w w, 1 Suppression Effect on Soft-rot by Bacteriocin-producing Avirulent Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1-M15 Eunjung Roh, Seungdon Lee 1 and Sunggi Heu* Microbial Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon , Korea 1 Reaserch Policy Bureau, RDA, Suwon , Korea (Received on June 15, 010; Accepted on July 1, 010) Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovorum causes soft rot disease in diverse plants Carocin D is bacteriocin that is produced by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1 strain Nonpathogenic mutant P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1-M15 strain was obtained by mutagenesis with Tn5 insertion and screened pathogenesity P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1-M15 and E coli (prg3431), carocin D gene-transformed E coli, produce carocin D against P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc3 Pathogenic P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc3 and mixture with Pcc1-M15 or E coli (prg3431) were treated with lettuces Pcc1-M15 and E coli (prg3431) effectively suppressed the development of soft-rot disease While symptoms in 90% of Pcc3-treated lettuces were observed after 3 days, only 5% of Pcc3 and Pcc1-M15- treated lettuces were observed to be infected after 6 days These results suggest that the nonpathogenic strain P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1-M15 and E coli (prg3431) are effective to soft-rot disease suppression KeywordsG: Bacteriocin, Carocin D, Nonpathogenic mutant, Pectobacterium, Soft rot ³ k wš w z» ww w, j»w (Whitehead, 00) sww j Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovorum 6- o C ù, ³ 36 o C, ƒ j ³ w e w w, w e w ƒ w qw w» w w m ƒ vwƒ j ³ *Corresponding author Phone) , Fax) ) heu@rdagokr ù ³ P carotovorum subsp carotovorum m ƒ w, w z û ƒœ w p ey z» w, ¾ ƒ w t w yw w w» š w ³ w ¼w w w z, m, w ³ e ù ³ w ³ w l ³ l w w w³ ù ³ w p y ƒ (Tagg, 1976) ³ w l

2 w ³ p ³ z š, w w w ³ ww p ƒ š w (Riley 199; Riley Gordon, 1999) w, š, ü ³ ù yz w w, ph p w t w w p ³ Corynebacteria, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas l š (Abrehem Zamiri, 195; Chuang, 007; Heu, 001; Lavermicocca, 00) w Agrobacterium radiobacter 4³ ƒ w Agrocin 4 z w š (Kerr Tate, 194; McClure, 199) ü w ³ z ƒ l w P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1 ³ w (Roh, 009), p l w (Roh, 010) l w Pcc1 ³ ³ w š, ³ w z wš w ³, û, û,,,,,,,, m m m w w š e w t ³w, k w, ³ Biolog mw w 1) Biolog w ³ ³ BACTOTRYPTIC Soy Agar(TSBA, BD115) w C 4-4 w o z, w ³ w GN/GP-IF(040% sodium chloride, 003% pluronic F-6, 001% gallan gum) 5 10 cfu/ml xk k z, ƒƒ GN microplate(biolog, USA) 150 µl w w 4-4 z Biolog l w w, 9% Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovorum ) w ³ (Miller, 19) ww ³ p pe ƒ(trypticase Soy Agar, TSA) wš, ³ 40 mg w z, y w (NaOH 45 g, l w w z 137 methanol 150 ml, 150 ml) 1 ml ƒwš yww 100 C 5 o g z, jš II(6 N HCl 35 ml, methanol 75 ml) ml ƒw ywwš 0 C 10 o g pyw z, jš, (hexane:methyl-tertbutyether=1:1, v/v) 15 ml ƒwš 10 kw d d wš, (NaOH 10 g, ml) 3ml ƒwš, 5 z d ¾ ew d d d GC MIDI Library version TABA 390 Library Generation system software version 390 w w l mw w ³ Pcc1 w» w EZ-Tn5<R6Kγori/KAN->Tnp Transposome kit (Epicentre Biotechnologies, Madison, WI, USA) w w Transposome complex P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1 ³ electroporation x y k z kanamycin rifampicin (ƒƒ 50 mg/l) ƒ LB w 5,000 ³ y w» w ³ w xk q wš w ƒ» ü z 50 µl w, ³ P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1 E coli(prg3431) w w l y ³ (indicator strain) LB (10 g of tryptone, 5 g of yeast extract, and 10 g of NaCl in 1 liter, ph 7) 5 ml w C o rpm k w, l y d wš w ³ (producer bacteria) ƒ 0 µg/mlƒ m C(mitomycin C) ƒw LB š 03 cm w C 16-0 o w j s 500 µl š Ë š 5 Ë s w jš, 10 g j s w Soft agar(lb, 07% agar, 50 o C) 7ml ³ (OD=01) 100 µl yww 10 k, C 0 w n w o y (bacteriocin activity) w (Morgan, 1995)

3 노은정 이승돈 허성기 13 방제효과 검정 분리한 비병원성 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1-M15의 무름병 억제력을 검정하기 위 해 온실에서 억제력 검정을 하였다 5품종( 뚝섬적축면, 선풍포참, 센세이션, 청치마, 삼선적축면 )의 상추를 이용하여 비병원성 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1-M15 균주의 무름병 억제력을 검정하기 위한 접종 실험을 수행하였다 5품종의 상추 종자를 파종하여 발아 Disease symptoms on Chinease cabbage by mechanical 한 유모를 주간 온실에서 키운 후 미네랄오일 접종법 inoculation of P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1-M15 and E coli (prg3431) P carotovorum subsp carotovorum 으로 방제효과를 검정하였다 P carotovorum subsp Pcc1 was inoculated as a positive control carotovorum Pcc1-M15(10 cells/ml, 10 mm MgCl ) 현탁 액을 5%의 미네랄 오일과 혼합하여 분무 접종하고, 마른 후 병원성 무름병균인 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc3(10 cells/ml, 10 mm MgCl ) 현탁액을 5%의 미네랄 오일과 혼합하여 분무 접종하였다 대조군으로는 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1-M15와 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc3 각각의 (10 cells/ml, 10 mm MgCl ) 현탁액을 5%의 미네랄 오일과 혼합하여 분무 접종하였다 또한 박테리오신 유전자를 형질전환한 비병원성 E coli BL1 균주 E coli(prg3431) (Roh 등, Antibacterial activity of Tn5 insertion mutant Pcc1-M15 of P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1 against the indicator 010, submitted)을 이용한 무름병 억제력을 검정하기 위 strain Pcc3 Pcc1, P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1, 해 5품종의 상추에 대하여 동일한 실험을 수행하였다 대 Pcc1-M15 and E coli (prg3431) The photo was taken 4 h 조군으로는 E coli (prg3431)과 P carotovorum subsp after the indicator strain had been overlaid carotovorum Pcc3 각각의 (10 cells/ml, 10 mm MgCl ) 현 탁액을 5%의 미네랄 오일과 혼합하여 분무 접종하였다 시 비병원성인 것을 확인하였다(Fig 1) 비병원성 돌연변이주의 박테리오신 활성 확인 비병원 성 돌연변이체인 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum 결과 및 고찰 Pcc1-M15가 모균주와 마찬가지로 carocin D를 생산하여 비병원성 돌연변이주의 선발 이전 연구에서 제주도를 무름병균인 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc3을 지 포함한 전국에서 분리된 무름병균들 중에서 새로운 박테 시균주하여 박테리오신 활성을 확인하였다(Fig ) 각각 리오신인 carocin D를 생산하는 균주로 선발된 P carotovorum 모균주인 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1와 subsp carotovorum Pcc1를 대상으로 transposon 삽입 돌 E coli(rg3431)을 대조군으로 하여 박테리오신 활성의 정 연변이 라이브러리를 제작하였다 Transposon과 transposase 도를 비교한 결과 돌연변이체인 Pcc1-M15는 박테리오 의 결합체인 transposome은 모균주인 P carotovorum subsp 신 활성에는 변화가 없다는 것을 확인하였다 carotovorum Pcc1 내부에서 염색체내로 무작위적으로 삽 비병원성 돌연변이주의 무름병 방제효과 비병원성과 입되어 삽입부위 유전자의 발현을 억제하기 때문에 염색 carocin D 활성이 확인된 Pcc1-M15 돌연변이체와 carocin 체 내의 미지의 특정 유전자를 추적하는데 효과적인 방 D 형질전환체인 E coli(rg3431)의 무름병 방제효과를 확 법이다 Tn5가 삽입된 5,000개의 돌연변이체는 각각 비병 인하기 위하여 5품종의 상추를 대상으로 실험을 수행하 원성 돌연변이주를 선발하기 위해 모균주인 P carotovorum 였다 무름병균인 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc3 subsp carotovorum Pcc1를 대조군으로 하여 병원성 검 을 단독 접종한 상추에서는 5품종에서 모두 접종 일 후 정을 수행하였다 최종적으로 선발된 P carotovorum subsp 에는 전체의 61%에서 무름병이 발생하였고, 3일 후에는 carotovorum Pcc1-M15 돌연변이체는 배추를 포함한 다 병 발생이 증가하여 90%의 상추에서 무름병이 발생하였 양한 야채에 병을 일으키지 않았다 또한 P carotovorum 다 그러나 비병원성인 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1로부터 분리한 박테리오신인 Pcc1-M15 균주와 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum carocin D 유전자 형질전환 균주인 E coli(prg3431) 역 Pcc3 균주를 혼합 접종한 경우 4일째까지 병이 전혀 발 Fig 1 Fig

4 박테리오신을 분비하는 비병원성 돌연변이주에 의한 무름병 방제 효과 139 균주를 혼합접종 한 처리에서는 4일 후에는 병이 전혀 발생하지 않았으며 6 일 후에 5%의 배추에 병이 발생하였다(Fig 4) 상기의 결과들에 의하면 식물세포벽을 분해하는데 필수적인 여 러 효소들의 발현 조절에 밀접한 관계가 있는 expr 유전 자 내로 Tn5가 삽입된 돌연변이체 Pcc1-M15는 비병원 성을 나타낸다 또한 quorum sensing에 의한 발현조절을 받지 않는 carocin D는 Pcc1-M15 돌연변이 체에서도 모 균주와 같이 발현되는 것을 확인하였다 또한 Pcc1-M15 는 선발을 위해 사용한 항생제인 kanamycin의 존재없이 도 Pcc1 모균주의 염색체 내로 삽입된 Tn5는 transposase 의 존재 없이는 안정적이므로 비병원성을 지속적으로 유 지하게 된다 따라서 무름병의 방제를 위한 돌연변이체 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1-M15는 우수한 길항능력을 가진 미생물제제로 활용될 수 있다 carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc3 요 약 Control effect of Tn5 insertion mutant P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1-M15 on soft-rot after and 6 days of spray treatment Fig 3 은 채소 무 름병의 원인균이다 박테리오신인 는 균주가 생산한다 Pcc1 균주의 비병원성인 돌연변이주를 선발하기 위해 Tn5을 이용하여 무작위적 삽입 돌연변이체들을 대상으로 병원성 검사를 하였다 실험 결과 선발된 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1-M15과 carocin D 유전자의 형 질전환체인 E coli(prg3431)은 비병원성인 동시에 carocin D를 생산하여 무름병균인 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc3의 생장을 억제함을 확인하였다 Pcc1-M15와 E coli (prg3431)를 무름병균인 P carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc3과 함께 미네랄 오일법으로 상추에 처리한 결과 Pcc3 균주를 단독 처리했을 경우에는 3일만에 90%가 무름병 에 걸린 반면, Pcc1-M15와 E coli(prg3431)를 함께 처 리한 경우는 6일 후에도 5%의 상추에서만 무름병 증상 을 보였다 Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovorum carocin D Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp Carotovorum Pcc1 감사의 말씀 Control effect of E coli (prg3431) on soft-rot after and 6 days of spray treatment Fig 4 생하지 않았으며, 6일 후에 5%의 상추에 병이 발생하였 다(Fig 3) 마찬가지로 E coli(prg3431) 균주와 P 본 연구는 농촌진흥청의 바이오그린 1(Code ) 연구비 지원에 의한 결과입니다 # 참고문헌 Abrehem, K and Zamiri, I 195 Purification and characterization of a Corynebacterium ulcerans bacteriocin

5 140 Á Áx» (ulceracin 37) J Gen Microbiol 131: Chuang, D Y, Chien, Y C and Wu, H P 007 Cloning and expression of the Erwinia carotovora subsp carotovora gene encoding the low-molecular-weight bacteriocin carocin S1 J Bacteriol 19: Heu, S, Oh, J, Kang, Y, Ryu, S, Cho, S K, Cho, Y and Cho, M 001 Gly gene cloning and expression and purification of glycinecin A, a bacteriocin produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv glycines ra Appl Environ Microbiol 67: Kerr, A and Tate, M E 194 Agrocins and the biological control of crown gall Microbiol Sci 1: 1-4 Lavermicocca, P, Lonigro, S L, Valerio, F, Evidente, A and Visconti, A 00 Reduction of olive knot disease by a bacteriocin from Pseudomonas syringae pv ciccaronei Appl Environ Microbiol 6: McClure, N C, Ahmadi, A R and Clare, B G 199 Construction of a range of derivatives of the biological control strain agrobacterium rhizogenes K4: a study of factors involved in biological control of crown gall disease Appl Environ Microbiol 64: Morgan, S, Ross, R P and Hill, C 1995 Bacteriolytic activity caused by the presence of a novel lactococcal plasmid encoding lactococcins A, B, and M Appl Environ Microbiol 61: Riley, M A 199 Molecular mechanisms of bacteriocin evolution Annu Rev Genet 3: 55-7 Riley, M A and Gordon, D M 1999 The ecological role of bacteriocins in bacterial competition Trends Microbiol 7: Roh, E, Lee, S, Lee, Y, Ra, D, Choi, J, Moon, E and Heu, S 009 Diverse Antibacterial activity of Pectobacterium carotovorum subspcarotovorum isolated in Korea J Microbiol Biotechnol 19: 4-50 Roh, E, Park, T, Lee, S, Ryu, S, Oh, C, Kim, D, Park, B and Heu, S 010 Characterization of a new bacteriocin, carocin D, from Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovorum Pcc1 Appl Environ Microbiol (submitted) Tagg, J R, Dajani, A S and Wannamaker, L W 1976 Bacteriocins of gram-positive bacteria Bacteriol Rev 40: Whitehead, N A, Byers, J T, Commander, P, Corbett, M J, Coulthurst, S J, Everson, L, Harris, A K, Pemberton, C L, Simpson, N J, Slater, H, Smith, D S, Welch, M, Williamson, N and Salmond, G P 00 The regulation of virulence in phytopathogenic Erwinia species: quorum sensing, antibiotics and ecological considerations Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1: 3-31

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