untitled

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "untitled"

Transcription

1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Korean J Clin Lab Sci. 2016, 48(3): pissn eissn Korean J Clin Lab Sci. Vol. 48, No. 3, September Diagnosis for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in College Students Keun-Dol Yook 1, Byoung-Seon Yang 2 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Daejeon Health Institute of Technology, Daejeon 34504, Korea 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Jinju Health College, Jinju 52655, Korea 대학생잠복결핵감염의진단 육근돌 1, 양병선 2 1 대전보건대학교임상병리과, 2 진주보건대학교임상병리과 Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a chronic infectious agent known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is transmitted in airborne particles, called droplet nuclei which was generated by cough, sneeze, shout, or sing of persons who have TB disease. Most infections of TB do not have symptoms, well known as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, about 10% of LTBI progress to active disease a one or two years after infection. To investigate the LTBI rate of college students who were in contacted with TB patients, we performed chest X-ray, tuberculin skin test (TST) and Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) to 74 college students. At a results, 65 students were showed negative and 9 students positive results at chest X-ray and 1st TST test. When confirmed the 65 students who were showed negative by 2st TST, the results showed correctly. But, 9 students who were showed positive results on chest X-ray and 1st TST by IGRA, the only 3 students (4.05%) showed positive results. In conclusion, the LTBI rate in this study showed 4.05% (3/74) and we suggest to investigate other students LTBI rate for decreasing tuberculosis. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis infection, Tuberculin skin test, Interferon-gamma release assay Corresponding author: Keun-Dol Yook Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Daejeon Health Institute of Technology, 21 Chungjeong-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon Korea Tel: Fax: yook1090@hanmail.net This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright 2016 The Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science. All rights reserved. Received: April 23, 2016 Revised 1 st : May 25, 2016 Revised 2 nd : July 10, 2016 Revised 3 rd : July 18, 2016 Accepted: July 18, 2016 서론결핵이란결핵균 (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) 에의한만성감염질환으로결핵균이포함된비말액을통해공기감염을일으킨다. 이때 90% 의감염자는전염력이없는잠복감염상태만유지, 나머지 10% 의감염자중절반은감염후 1 2 년안에, 다른절반은면역력이감소할때발병하게된다. 세계보건기구 (World Health Organization, WHO) 의 2015 세계결핵현황보고서 (2015 Global Tuberculosis Report) 발표에따르면우리나라의 2014년결핵발생률은인구 10만명기준 86명으로경제협력개발 기구 (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD) 국가중 1위에달하고있다. 이는 OECD 결핵평균발생률이 10.5명 (2015년기준 ) 이라는사실을감안하면무려 8배에달한다. 이러한결핵의퇴치를위해서는조기에결핵환자를발견, 진단및치료를통해전파를차단하고, 예방접종및잠복결핵감염치료등을통한발병을예방해야한다 [1]. 이중잠복결핵감염 (latent tuberculosis infection, LTBI) 의경우체내에일부살아있는균이존재하나외부로의배출이없어타인에게전파되지않으며, 무증상으로일반적인항산성균검사와흉부 X선검사에서정상으로나타난다 [2]. 국가결핵관리에서 LTBI

2 226 Keun-Dol Yook and Byoung-Seon Yang. Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis 의치료중요성은그나라의결핵역학상황및가용자원에따라달라진다할수있다. 국내에서 LTBI 의치료가국가결핵사업에추가된것은 1995년부터이며, 결핵관리지침에서활동성결핵환자의접촉자에대하여흉부 X-선검사와, tuberculin skin test (TST) 검사를권고하고있으며, 2009년이후부터는 Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) 의사용에대해언급하고있다. 2009년부터는결핵발병고위험군을지정하여 LTBI를치료대상자로권고하고있으며, 점차 LTBI 에대한진단및치료가강조되고있는실정이다 [3]. LTBI 의치료를위해서는지속적인접촉자조사실시, 결핵발병고위험군에대한잠복결핵감염검사및감염치료체계확립이필요하다할수있다. 국내에서결핵의치료에관한지침은매년보건복지부와질병관리본부가발간한국가결핵관리지침에따르고있는데, 결핵관리지침으로는보건소등록결핵환자의동거가족및접촉자는 TST, 객담검사및흉부 X-선검진을하여야하며, 모든 HIV 감염자대상으로흉부 X-선검사를시행하며, 중학교및고등학교에서결핵집단발병시동일학급에서도말양성환자 1명또는도말음성환자 2명이상이면해당학급생을대상으로 TST 및흉부 X-선촬영을시행하며, 학급에관계없이동일학년에서도말양성환자 2명이상또는활동성환자 3명이상이면동일학년전원에서 TST 및흉부방사선촬영을시행하여야한다. 또한 IGRA 검사를시행하며, 그결과양성일경우 LTBI 감염으로판정하고예방치료를시작한다 (Fig. 1). 본연구는결핵감염자와접촉이있는 J 대학교학생 74명을대상으로잠복결핵감염에대한진단을실시하였다. 재료및방법 1. 연구대상본연구는결핵감염자와접촉이있었던 J 대학교학생 74명을대상으로 2015년 4월부터 12월까지잠복결핵감염에대한진단을실시하였다. 결핵감염자와접촉이있었던 J 대학교학생을대상으로잠복결핵감염에대한진단를실시하였다. 접촉자는기존가족력, 과거력, bacille de Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG) 접종및반흔유무, 기타위험요소에대한문진을실시하였다. 흉부 X-선검사실시한후 TST의경우 2차에걸쳐실시하였으며, 1차 TST검사에서 10 mm 이하음성으로판정된경우 2차 TST 검사를실시하였다. 1차 TST 검사에서 10 mm 이상양성판정자의경우 IGRA 검사를확진검사로실시하였다. 2. 흉부 X-선및 Tuberculin 검사흉부 X-선촬영으로가슴부위의 X선사진을촬영해폐결핵을진단하였다. TST는주로팔의팔꿈치 10 cm 아래전박안쪽의정맥에서멀리떨어진피부에피내주사하였다. 검사부위를알코올소독후 purified protein derivatives (PPD) RT 23 2TU / Tween ml을 25 G 주사기에주입후주사침의각도를 15도각도로주입하였다. PPD 주사후 시간사이에판독하였으며, 전박장축의수직방향으로경결 (induration) 의가장긴직경을촉지해 mm로표시하였다. 이때환자의조건에따라양성기준이달라질수있으므로실제크기를기록하였다. 또한 2단계 TST는 1차 TST에서음성으로나타난경우 8 10 주후에 2차 TST를실시하였다. 3. IGRA (Interferon-gamma release assay) IGRA검사는 Quanti FERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-IT) 검사법 (Cellestis, Melbourne, Australia) 을이용하기위해전혈 3 ml을채혈하였다. 검사결과 early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) 과 culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) 이 0.35 IU/mL 이상이면양성을판정하였고이를위해 QFT-IT 분석프로그램을사용하였다. 결과 Fig. 1. Diagnosis of LTBI for normal immune adults. Abbreviation: TST, tuberculin skin test; IGRA, Interferon-gamma release assay; LTBI, latent tuberculosis infection. 결핵감염자와접촉이있었던 J 대학교학생 74명을대상으로잠복결핵감염에대한스크리닝검사로흉부 X-선촬영과 1차 TST 검사를실시하였으며흉부 X-선촬영결과결핵의증과 TST의피부구진판독으로 10 mm 이상인양성피검자가 9명으로 12.2% 를나타내었고모두음성자는 65명으로 87.8% 를나타내었다 (Table 1).

3 Korean J Clin Lab Sci. Vol. 48, No. 3, September Table 1. The results of latent tuberculosis infection for screening test Methods Screening tests for latent tuberculosis (n=74) Chest X-ray (%) 74 (100.0) 65 (87.8) 9 (12.2) 1st TST (%) 74 (100.0) 65 (87.8) 9 (12.2) Table 2. The results of rechecked 2st TST for 1st screening TST negative Method Rechecked tests for latent tuberculosis (n=65) 2st TST (%) 65 (100) 65 (100) 0 (0) 잠복결핵자에대한스크리닝 1차 TST 음성자 65명에대하여 2 차 TST 검사를 8 10 주후에실시하였는데 1차 TST와동일한 65 명모두에서음성결과를나타내었다 (Table 2). 검사자총 74명중흉부 X-선촬영에서양성을보이며 1차 TST 검사에서양성반응을보인 9명을대상으로 IGRA 검사를실시하여그중 3명 (33.3%) 이양성으로나타내었고 6명 (66.7%) 은음성으로나타났다 (Table 3). 고찰 잠복결핵이란살아있는일부결핵균이체내에존재하나균이외부로배출되지않으며, 증상도없고, 방사선학적검사로도정상인경우를의미한다. 최근결핵의발병률이낮은선진국의경우결핵을근절하기위하여잠복결핵의조절이필수적인요소인만큼잠복결핵의치료에초점을맞추고감염예방에힘쓰고있다. 결핵은결핵균이포함된비말핵을통해공기감염후발병하여, 발병한환자는다시다른사람에게감염을일으키는순환을반복하면서전파된다. 결핵발병위험도는환자의전염력, 접촉자의연령과면역력, 접촉기간이문제가된다 [4]. 그러나결핵환자접촉자가성인인경우잠복결핵의치료시행여부는다른여타의감염자보다필요성이명확하지않으며, 국내의경우와같이성인의 TST 양성율이 50% 이상인경우에는새로운감염여부를확인할수없는단점이있다. 이러한환자에서는결핵발병의고위험질환이없고, 흉부 X-선사진촬영에서정상인경우별도의치료없이경과를관찰하는것을고려할수있다. 그러나영국흉부학회 (British Thoracic Society, BTS) 지침에의하면성인이라도최근 TST 양성이확인된경우라면잠복결핵치료의대상이된다고기술하고있다 [5]. X-선사진촬영 Table 3. The results of IGRA for chest X-ray and TST positive Confirmed test for latent tuberculosis (n=9) Method IGRA (%) 9 (100) 6 (66.7) 3 (33.3) 에서다만활동성결핵환자에서위음성이거나병변유무를정확히판별하기어려운경우가종종있고 [6], 다른질환과의구분이어려운경우가많다. 또한다른폐질환도이방법을통해진단하기때문에보조적인방법으로진단방법에사용된다. TST는결핵균의배양액으로부터분리한 PPD라는물질을피내에주사하여 T-Lymphocyte에의한지연과민반응유무를확인하여결핵감염여부를진단하는검사법이다. 결핵균에감염된후최소 2주 최대 10주이내에지연피부과민반응이나타나며, 일단양성반응을보인경우적절한치료후에도대부분평생지속된다. TST 양성기준은대부분의국가에서경결의크기 10 mm를양성기준으로적용하고있으나 [7], 우리나라의결핵발생빈도가중증도임을감안, 10 mm이상을기준으로하는것이권장된다. 경결이 15 mm이상인경우강양성으로결핵균감염으로간주될수있다 [8,9]. TST는체내검사결과로검사자와검사환경에따른결과오류가능성이적으나, 위양성문제, 재검사시증폭효과및체내검사로써의이상반응과같은단점도가지고있다. 이경우 8 10주후에두번째 TST를시행하면첫번째검사로인해기억면역반응이자극되어양성으로나타날수있는데이를증폭효과라고한다 [10]. 2단계 TST로증폭효과가확인된경우에는이후주기적인 TST는검사가무의미하다할수있다. 과거활동성결핵이나잠복결핵감염에대한치료력이있는경우, 과거 TST 검사상양성이확인되었던경우에는 TST를반복하는것은의미없으므로시행하지않는다. 접촉자조사에서는첫 TST가음성인경우 8 10주후에 TST를반복하게되므로첫검사시 2단계 TST 검사는권고하지않는다 [12]. IGRA는 2000년대이후결핵균감염을진단하는방법으로개발되었고, 과거결핵균에감작된 T세포에결핵균항원을자극하여분비되는인터페론감마를측정하여결핵의감염유무를진단한다 [13]. TST에비해 IGRA의장점은한번의방문으로진단이가능하며, TST는 BCG백신이나비결핵항산균에위양성을나타내지만, IGRA의경우결핵균항원만을이용하므로위양성률이낮다. 그러나 IGRA는비교적최근에개발된검사방법이라연구자료가부족하고가격이 TST에비해고가인것이단점이다. 그러나 IGRA는 BCG접종에의한위양성가능성이낮고또한높은민감도와특이도로인하여잠복결핵감염의진단에있어서 TST를대치할수있는검사로사용되고있다 [14,15].

4 228 Keun-Dol Yook and Byoung-Seon Yang. Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis 항결핵제제 Isoniazid (INH) 는활발히증식하는결핵균에가장강력한살균작용을보이는항생제로, 1950년대에 INH 치료의결핵예방효과가밝혀진이후주요 LTBI 치료제로사용되고있으며, 주로잠복결핵치료초기에많이이용된다. 그러나 INH는 Pyridoxine (Vit B6) 의부족을초래하여말초신경병증을일으킬수있고, 장기간복용으로인한간독성을일으키는단점을가지고있다. 그래서 INH의치료기간은미국에서시행된여러연구결과를종합하여볼때 12개월 INH 치료가 6개월보다는결핵예방에효과적이고, 12개월이상치료할때추가적이득은없어최적의 INH 치료기간은 9 10개월이라고결론내렸다 [16,17]. 일반적으로 9개월치료가권장되고있으나 6개월치료도상당한치료효과가입증되었고비용및효과면에서도우수하여 6개월치료를고려할수있다 [18]. INH의투여량은 5 mg/kg/ 일로최대 300 mg/ 일까지투여한다 [19,20]. 결핵감염자와접촉이있었던 J 대학교학생 74명을대상으로잠복결핵감염에대한진단검사를실시하였다. 그결과접촉자총 74 명중 1차 TST 검사에서양성을보인 9명을대상으로 IGRA 검사를실시하였다. IGRA를통한확진자는 3명으로 4.05% 의감염률을보였다. 현재에있어결핵환자접촉자가성인인경우잠복결핵의치료시행여부의필요성은명확하지않은상황이다. 본연구의접촉자의경우 INH는 5 mg/kg/ 일로최대 300 mg/ 일까지투여하였으며, 치료기간은 6개월간실시하였다. 국내결핵감염율이 OECD 평균의 8배에달하는지금의시점에서는활동성결핵뿐아니라잠복결핵의진단이중요하다할수있다. 즉결핵의퇴치를위해서는조기에결핵환자를발견, 진단및치료를통한결핵의전파차단뿐만아니라예방접종및잠복결핵감염의진단과치료등을통한발병을예방해야한다고사료된다. 요약결핵이란결핵균에의한만성감염질환으로결핵균이포함된비말액을통해공기감염을일으킨다. 대부분의결핵감염자는전염력이없는잠복감염상태만유지하나 10% 의감염자중절반은감염후 1 2 년안에발병하게된다. 결핵감염자와접촉이있는학생 74명을대상으로결핵감염자접촉관련사전조사및흉부 X-선검사, TST 검사및 IGRA 검사를실시하였다. 1차 TST 검사에서양성자는 9명, 음성은 65명으로나타났으며, 음성판독자는 2차 TST검사를, 양성판독자는 IGRA 검사를실시하였다. 1차 TST 양성자 9명중 IGRA 검사에서 3명이양성자로나와잠복결핵감염치료를실시하였다. 1차 TST결과음성자에대한재확인 TST 검사는 1차와차이가없었다. 결론적으로잠복결핵감염율은 74명중 3명으로 4.05% 로나타났고, 잠복결핵감염자색출을위해서다른그룹에대 한조사도필요하다. Acknowledgements: None Funding: None Conflict of interest: None References 1. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2015 [cited 2016 Apr 5]. Available from: publications/global_report/en/ 2. Mazurek M, Jereb J, Vernon A, LoBue P, Goldberg S, Castro K. Updated guidelines for using interferon gamma release assays to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection United States, MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59: Zachary Taylor, Charles M. Nolan, Henry M. Blumberg. Controlling tuberculosis in the United States: recommendations from American Thoracic Society, CDC, and the Infectious Disease Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005;54: Shim TS, Koh WJ, Yim JJ, Lew WJ. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in Korea. Tuberc Respir Dis. 2008;65: Control and prevention of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: code of practice Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Thorax. 2000;55: Kim SJ, Bai GH, Lee H, Kim HJ, Lew WJ, Park YK, et al. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among high school students in Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2001;5: Woodring JH, Vandiviere HM, Fried AM, Dillon ML, Williams TD, Melvin IG. Update: the radiographic features of pulmonary tuberculosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986;146: Farhat M, Greenaway C, Pai M, Menzies D. False-positive tuberculin skin tests: what is the absolute effect of BCG and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006; 10: American academy of pediatrics. Tuberculosis. In: Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Long SS, McMillan JA, editors Red Book: 2009 Report of the Committee on Infectious Disease. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; p Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Chemotherapy and management of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: recommendations Thorax. 1998;53: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Tuberculosis: clinical diagnosis and management of tuberculosis, and measures for its prevention and control. London: Royal College of Physicians; p Shim TS. Diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Korean J Med. 2012;82(3): Sokal JE. Editorial: Measurement of delayed skin test responses. N Engl J Med. 1975;293: Mazurek GH, LoBue PA, Oaley CL, Bernardo J, Lardizabal AA, Bishai WR, et al. Comparison of a whole blood interferon gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing for detecting latent

5 Korean J Clin Lab Sci. Vol. 48, No. 3, September Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. JAMA. 2001;286: Ewer K, Deeks J, Alvarez L, Bryant G, Waller S, Andersen P, et al. Compariso of T-cell-based assay with tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a school tuberculosis outbreak. Lancet. 2003;361: Brock I, Weldingh K, Lillebeak T, Follmann F, Andersen P. Comparison of tuberculin skin test and new specific blood test in contact. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170: Pai M, Riley LW, Colford JM Jr. Interferon-gamma assays in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4: Comstock GW. How much isoniazid is needed for prevention of tuberculosis among immunocompetent adults? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1999;3: International Union Against Tuberculosis Committee on Prophylaxis. Efficacy of various durations of isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis: five years of follow-up in the IUAT trial. Bull World Health Organ. 1982;60: American Thoracic Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Treatment of tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:

최창민.hwp

최창민.hwp 국내결핵관리지침에따른군내결핵집단발병관리사례보고 1 국군수도병원내과, 2 결핵연구원지상훈 1, 김희진 2, 최창민 1 Management of Tuberculosis Outbreak in a Small Military Unit Following the Korean National Guideline Sang Hoon Ji, M.D. 1, Hee Jin Kim,

More information

untitled

untitled DOI: 10.4046/trd.2010.68.3.155 ISSN: 1738-3536(Print)/2005-6184(Online) Tuberc Respir Dis 2010;68:155-161 CopyrightC2010. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. All rights reserved.

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

<303520C6AFC1FD20BDC9C5C2BCB D E687770>

<303520C6AFC1FD20BDC9C5C2BCB D E687770> 대한내과학회지 : 제 82 권제 3 호 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2012.82.3.284 특집 (Special Review) - 결핵 잠복결핵감염의진단과치료 울산대학교의과대학서울아산병원호흡기내과 심태선 Diagnosis and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Tae Sun Shim

More information

ePapyrus PDF-Pro 5 Document

ePapyrus PDF-Pro 5 Document 보도참고자료 경기도소재고양외고의결핵발생과관련하여 월부터신고된결핵환자는총 명으로 학년학생 명 학년학생 명발생 고양외고 학년학생 명중 명이잠복결핵감염인으로판정었으나 전염성이없는상태로과도한불안감이필요는없는상황임 다만 면역력이떨어지면이중 정도가발병하는경우가있어개인건강관리에주의가요망됨 이번에발병한결핵환자 명중 명은전염성이있는결핵으로확인돼 주이상치료를진행해현재는전염성이전혀없는상태로

More information

Vol. 8 No. 28 PUBLIC HEALTH WEEKLY REPORT, KCDC 우리나라결핵관리정책변화 Overview of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention Polices in Korea Abstract Tuberculosis (T

Vol. 8 No. 28 PUBLIC HEALTH WEEKLY REPORT, KCDC 우리나라결핵관리정책변화 Overview of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention Polices in Korea Abstract Tuberculosis (T Vol. 8 No. 28 PUBLIC HEALTH WEEKLY REPORT, KCDC 우리나라결핵관리정책변화 Overview of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention Polices in Korea Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate has decreased significantly since

More information

03. what's new-509.hwp

03. what's new-509.hwp 대한내과학회지 : 제 93 권제 6 호 2018 https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2018.93.6.509 What s new? 잠복결핵의진단과치료 : 2017 개정지침을중심으로 고려대학교의과대학내과학교실 이승헌 Diagnosis and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: The Updated 2017

More information

PEDIATRIC ORIGINAL INFECTION & VACCINE ARTICLE pissn eissn 유리나 외 3인 : 국내소아결핵감염진단에서의결핵피부반응검사와 IGRA의 PEDIATRIC 비교연구 INFECTION Pediat

PEDIATRIC ORIGINAL INFECTION & VACCINE ARTICLE pissn eissn 유리나 외 3인 : 국내소아결핵감염진단에서의결핵피부반응검사와 IGRA의 PEDIATRIC 비교연구 INFECTION Pediat ORIGINAL ARTICLE pissn 2384-1079 eissn 유리나 2384-1087 외 3인 : 국내소아결핵감염진단에서의결핵피부반응검사와 IGRA의 비교연구 Pediatr Infect Vaccine 2016;23:18-24 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14776/piv.2016.23.1.18 국내소아결핵감염진단에서의결핵피부반응검사와

More information

보건사회연구-25일수정

보건사회연구-25일수정 30(1), 2010, 220-241 Health and Social Welfare Review...... * :, (slee@kangnam.ac.kr) 220 ( ) 5.. (, 2005;, 2006;, 2006;, 2007), (, 2004;, 2005;, 2007;, 2007), (, 2005, 2009;, 2005;, 2005;, 2008).....

More information

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FAC0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770>

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FAC0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770> 개원의와함께하는임상강좌 2011 결핵이야기 : NTM 을중심으로 경희대학교의과대학호흡기내과학교실 박명재 1 막 : 결핵의역학 OECD 가입국의결핵발생률추계 (2006 년, 29 개국 ) 국가 결핵발생률 (/10 5 ) 도말양성결핵발생률 (/10 5 ) 국가 결핵발생률 (/10 5 ) 도말양성결핵발생률 (/10 5 ) 한국 88 40 이탈리아 7 3 일본 22

More information

untitled

untitled DOI: 10.4046/trd.2009.67.4.331 ISSN: 1738-3536(Print)/2005-6184(Online) Tuberc Respir Dis 2009;67:331-337 CopyrightC2009. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. All rights reserved.

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

4.ƯÁýb61èÈñÁøÇ62~772Çà°£

4.ƯÁýb61èÈñÁøÇ62~772Çà°£ J KMA Special Issue Current Situation of Tuberculosis and Its Control in Korea Hee Jin Kim, MD Department of Technical Cooperation, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Assciation

More information

2 0 1 2 3 2012 1 2 Part I. 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 1-8 Part II. 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 2-23 2-24 2-25 2-26 2-27 2-28

More information

<5B31362E30332E31315D20C5EBC7D5B0C7B0ADC1F5C1F8BBE7BEF720BEC8B3BB2DB1DDBFAC2E687770>

<5B31362E30332E31315D20C5EBC7D5B0C7B0ADC1F5C1F8BBE7BEF720BEC8B3BB2DB1DDBFAC2E687770> 2016 지역사회 통합건강증진사업 안내 - 지역사회 중심 금연지원 서비스 - 2016. 3. 주요변경사항 5 1부 국가 금연정책 추진 및 현황 Ⅰ. 국가 금연정책 개요 1. 금연정책의 배경 및 필요성 11 2. 세계 금연정책 동향 20 3. 우리나라 금연정책 추진경과 24 4. 2016년도 금연정책 추진방향 31 Ⅱ. 국가 금연사업 현황 1. 흡연자 금연지원서비스

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

9.ƯÁýb61Ç¿ÀÁ¤806~816’

9.ƯÁýb61Ç¿ÀÁ¤806~816’ J KMA Special Issue Won Jung Koh, MD O Jung Kwon, MD Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine E mail : wjkoh@smc.samsung.co.kr

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis Vol.20, No.1, 2013 Original Article 소아청소년에서의잠복결핵감염진단을위한결핵피부반응검사와 QuantiFERON R -TB Gold In-Tube 검사와의결과비교 가톨릭대학교의과대학소아과학교실

Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis Vol.20, No.1, 2013 Original Article 소아청소년에서의잠복결핵감염진단을위한결핵피부반응검사와 QuantiFERON R -TB Gold In-Tube 검사와의결과비교 가톨릭대학교의과대학소아과학교실 Original Article 소아청소년에서의잠복결핵감염진단을위한결핵피부반응검사와 QuantiERON R -TB Gold In-Tube 검사와의결과비교 가톨릭대학교의과대학소아과학교실 최종원ㆍ김민성ㆍ김종현 Comparison of Results between Tuberculin Skin Test and QuantiERON R -TB In-Tube Assay for

More information

K O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 5 No. 41 www.cdc.go.kr/phwr 2012 10 12 5 41 ISSN:2005-811X Comparison of drug-susceptibility test to the anti-tuberculosis

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285 13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914

More information

( )Kju225.hwp

( )Kju225.hwp 비임균성비뇨생식기감염에서 의진단적효용성 Usefulness of the Mycofast Test (MYCOFAST Evolution 2) for the Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Genitourinary Infections Hang Ro Park, Yang Hyun Kim, Ho Jae Lee, Jea Sang Oh, Hyoung Jin

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT

More information

<3132BFF8C0FA C7D1BCDBC0CC2DC0CCC7F52E687770>

<3132BFF8C0FA C7D1BCDBC0CC2DC0CCC7F52E687770> 대한내과학회지 : 제 81 권제 4 호 2011 폐외결핵진단에서 2개의전혈인터페론감마측정법의유용성비교 동아대학교의과대학 1 내과학교실감염내과, 2 진단검사의학교실 한송이 1 이혁 1 정동식 1 김경희 2 우수미 1 박소영 1 서정민 1 정진규 1 윤늘봄 1 이성우 1 Comparison of the Diagnostic Usefulness of Two Whole-Blood

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소 1 의사학 제24권 제1호(통권 제49호) 2015년 4월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː1-34 Apr 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.1 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 간호부 이정숙의 독립운동 김숙영* 1. 서론 2. 본론 1) 출생에서 정신여학교 수학시절까지

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

대한한의학원전학회지26권4호-교정본(1125).hwp

대한한의학원전학회지26권4호-교정본(1125).hwp http://www.wonjeon.org http://dx.doi.org/10.14369/skmc.2013.26.4.267 熱入血室證에 대한 小考 1 2 慶熙大學校大學校 韓醫學科大學 原典學敎室 韓醫學古典硏究所 白裕相1, 2 *117) A Study on the Pattern of 'Heat Entering The Blood Chamber' 1, Baik 1

More information

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770>

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770> J of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc 15(5)497-504(2013) eissn: 2287-4747 http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.5.497 pissn: 2233-8292 도로터널의 갱구부 경관설계가 터널 내부조명에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 이미애 1 ㆍ이동희 2 * 1 아이라이트 대표이사 2

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   A study on Characte Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.381-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.381 A study on Characteristics of Action Learning by Analyzing Learners Experiences

More information

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w 497 의사학 제24권 제2호(통권 제50호) 2015년 8월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː497-532 Aug 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.497 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 역시만필( 歷 試 漫 筆 ) 의 사례로 재구성한 조선후기 여성의 삶과 질병

More information

ÀÇÇа�ÁÂc00Ì»óÀÏ˘

ÀÇÇа�ÁÂc00Ì»óÀÏ˘ Common Allergic Diseases in Children Sang - Il Lee, M.D. Department of pediatrics Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center E - mail : silee@smc.samsung.co.kr Abstract Allergy

More information

<3034C0D3BBF3C3E1B0E8C7D0BCFABCBCB9CCB3AA2E687770>

<3034C0D3BBF3C3E1B0E8C7D0BCFABCBCB9CCB3AA2E687770> 2004년 대한임상건강증진학회 춘계학술대회 Korean Society for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention [세미나 Ⅱ] 병 의원에서 건강 증진의 활성화 선우 성 울산의대 서울아산병원 가정의학과 우리 개원가의 현실은 구조적으로 일차진료의의 중요한 기 능 중의 하나인 건강증진 상담을 제대로 할 수 없도록 짜여 져 있다.

More information

Original Article Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 2014;21: DOI: ISSN (print) ISSN

Original Article Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 2014;21: DOI:   ISSN (print) ISSN Original Article Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 2014;21:191198 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14776/kjpid.2014.21.3.191 ISSN 12263923 (print) ISSN 22890343 (online) 두 개 대학병원에서 진단된 학동기 소아 및 청소년 폐결핵의 임상양상과 접촉자 검진의

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

ECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of

More information

건강과질병-7권11호-웹용.indd

건강과질병-7권11호-웹용.indd KOREA CENTER FOR KOREA CENTER FOR DISEASE E DISEASE CONTRO OL&PERVENTION CONTROL&PREVENTION KOREA CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL&PREVENTION 주간건강과질병 PUBLIC HEALTH WEEKLY REPORT, PHWR KOREA CENTER FOR DISEASE

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 5 : 1031~1039 May. 2015 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과 및 기여도 분석 김방룡 1 홍재표 2* Economic

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp

대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp 小兒藥證直訣 의 五臟辨證에 대한 小考 - 病證과 處方을 중심으로 1 2 慶熙大學校大學校 韓醫學科大學 原典學敎室 ㆍ 韓醫學古典硏究所 白裕相1,2*1)2) A study on The Diagnosis and Treatment Using The Theory of Five Organs in Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣) 1 Dept. of Oriental

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on Organizi

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   A Study on Organizi Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.441-460 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.441 A Study on Organizing Software Education of Special Education Curriculum

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 Korean J Med Hist 13 1 19 Jun 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * * 1 ( ) 2) 3) 4) * 1) ( ) 3 2) 7 1 3) 2 1 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 5) ( ) ( ) 2 1 ( ) 2 3 2 4) ( ) 6 7 5) - 2003 23 144-166 2 2 1) 6)

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

untitled

untitled 대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea

More information

pissn: eissn: Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 5(2): , March ORIGINAL ARTICLE 폐결핵환자와

pissn: eissn: Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 5(2): , March ORIGINAL ARTICLE 폐결핵환자와 pissn: 2288-0402 eissn: 2288-0410 5(2):105-110, March 2017 https://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2017.5.2.105 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 폐결핵환자와접촉한소아의잠복결핵진단에영향을미치는위험요소 민동훈, 위화현, 심재원, 김덕수, 정혜림, 박문수, 심정연 성균관대학교강북삼성병원소아청소년과

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A S

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A S Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.461-487 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.461 * - 2008 2018 - A Study on the Change of Issues with Adolescent Problem

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   Awareness, Supports Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction

More information

1. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) 2010. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012.

More information

<31325FB1E8B0E6BCBA2E687770>

<31325FB1E8B0E6BCBA2E687770> 88 / 한국전산유체공학회지 제15권, 제1호, pp.88-94, 2010. 3 관내 유동 해석을 위한 웹기반 자바 프로그램 개발 김 경 성, 1 박 종 천 *2 DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED JAVA PROGRAM FOR NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PIPE FLOW K.S. Kim 1 and J.C. Park *2 In general,

More information

기관고유연구사업결과보고

기관고유연구사업결과보고 기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106

More information

레이아웃 1

레이아웃 1 대한위장관기질종양연구회 01 GIST 06 02 11 03 Imatinib 14 04 05 06 07 Sunitinib 32 40 44 48 GIST 6 01 7 GIST Guide book GIST 8 01 9 GIST Guide book GIST (CT) MRI FDG-PET 10 02 11 GIST Guide book 12 02 (Imatinib)

More information

°Ç°�°úÁúº´6-2È£

°Ç°�°úÁúº´6-2È£ K O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 6 No. 2 www.cdc.go.kr 2013 1 11 6 2 ISSN:2005-811X Flavivirus surveillance in mosquitoes collected from the quarantine

More information

untitled

untitled Clinical Practice Guideline for Tuberculosis 결핵 진료지침 (초안) 2011. 2. 결핵 진료지침 개발위원회 머리말 결핵은 인류에게 가장 많은 고통을 주고 있는 전염병으로 세계 보건기구(WHO)의 자료에 따르면 전 세 계 인구의 1/3이 결핵균에 감염되어 있으며 2008년 한 해 동안 937만 명의 결핵환자가 발병하였다.

More information

<31335FB1C7B0E6C7CABFDC2E687770>

<31335FB1C7B0E6C7CABFDC2E687770> 에너지기후변화교육 4(2):203~211(2014) 203 초등학교 교과서 에너지 단원의 탐구활동과 시각자료 기능 분석 사례 연구 신명경 권경필 * 경인교육대학교 Abstract : This study aimed to analyze energy related inquiry activity and visual materials in elementary textbook.

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy Treatment and Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Chung-Ang University Hospital Chee Jeong Kim 7.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.5 1 1 2 3 4 10 11 7 34 49 122 123 1.0 - - 10. 2001 1998 1998 Improvement of postmenopausal

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

<BDC9C5C2BCB128C1BEBCB3292E687770>

<BDC9C5C2BCB128C1BEBCB3292E687770> 체외 Interferon-gamma 검사를이용한결핵감염의진단 종설 1 건국대학교의료원충주병원호흡기내과, 2 울산대학교의과대학서울아산병원호흡기내과 이정연 1, 심태선 2 Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection using Ex-vivo interferon-gamma Assay Jung Yeon Lee, M.D.

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Mar.; 28(3), 163 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.3.163 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PCB

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   : A basic research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:

More information

141(26) 20056 1930 19 () ( ( ) () () () ) 2) 1932 ()()3) 2 1) 1897519( ) ( ) () () () 4) ( ) 5) 6) 15-20 7) 191216 2) ( ) () 42 () 193111 12 1933 4 3)

141(26) 20056 1930 19 () ( ( ) () () () ) 2) 1932 ()()3) 2 1) 1897519( ) ( ) () () () 4) ( ) 5) 6) 15-20 7) 191216 2) ( ) () 42 () 193111 12 1933 4 3) 141(26) 20056 Korean J Med Hist 14131 Jun 2005 ISSN 1225505X ( 1897-1982) * ** 1 ( 1897-1982) ( ) 1) 3 1 ( ) 1930 1930 1930 * () ** 1) ( 2000 p 13-15) 1 141(26) 20056 1930 19 () ( ( ) () () () ) 2) 1932

More information

머리말 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 문 화 식 결핵은 고대로부터 인류에게 큰 고통을 주고 있는 전염병으로, 우리나라의 경우 과거에 비해 결핵환자가 많이 감소하였으나 여전히 높은 발생률과 사망률을 보이는 매우 심각한 전염병입니다. 결핵을 퇴치하기 위해서는 환자를 조기에 발견하

머리말 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 문 화 식 결핵은 고대로부터 인류에게 큰 고통을 주고 있는 전염병으로, 우리나라의 경우 과거에 비해 결핵환자가 많이 감소하였으나 여전히 높은 발생률과 사망률을 보이는 매우 심각한 전염병입니다. 결핵을 퇴치하기 위해서는 환자를 조기에 발견하 Ver.03 결핵은 무슨 병인가요? 환자와 보호자가 궁금해하는 60가지 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 머리말 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 문 화 식 결핵은 고대로부터 인류에게 큰 고통을 주고 있는 전염병으로, 우리나라의 경우 과거에 비해 결핵환자가 많이 감소하였으나 여전히 높은 발생률과 사망률을 보이는 매우 심각한 전염병입니다. 결핵을 퇴치하기 위해서는 환자를 조기에 발견하고,

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

<BFA9BAD02DB0A1BBF3B1A4B0ED28C0CCBCF6B9FC2920B3BBC1F62E706466>

<BFA9BAD02DB0A1BBF3B1A4B0ED28C0CCBCF6B9FC2920B3BBC1F62E706466> 001 002 003 004 005 006 008 009 010 011 2010 013 I II III 014 IV V 2010 015 016 017 018 I. 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 III. 041 042 III. 043

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

untitled

untitled DOI : 10.4046/trd.2009.66.1.13 ISSN : 1738-3536(Print)/2005-6184(Online) Tuberc Respir Dis 2009;66:13-19 CopyrightC2009. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. All rights reserved.

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770> 주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율

More information

<30382EC0C7C7D0B0ADC1C22E687770>

<30382EC0C7C7D0B0ADC1C22E687770> 대한내과학회지: 제 76 권 제 2 호 2009 의학강좌-개원의를 위한 모범처방(Current Clinical Practice) 간기능검사의 이해와 적용 인제대학교 의과대학 일산백병원 내과학교실 김 경 아 Understanding and application of liver function tests Kyung-Ah Kim, M.D. Department of

More information

Apparel Purchase Behaviors and Image Preferences of Preteen Girls and Their Mothers: Considering Preteen Girls BMI and Body Image Department of Home Economics Education, Pai Chai University Assistant Professor

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information