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1 1998

2 (Th.M. in Missiology )

3 1999 1

4 T HESIS APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled An Effective Mission Strategy Developed through the Study of Mission History in Paraguay by IM Sung Ik and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Theology in Missiology has been read and approved by the undersigned members of the Faculty of the Presbyterian College and Theological Seminary Dean of Graduate School of World Mission Advisor Date

5 A B A B C., , A B i -

6 A B A B C A B A B C D E F G H I J A B ii -

7 . A (24%), (20%), (27%), (19%), (17%), (20%) 1). 1, 5%, ), ( :, 1995),

8 , %, 21. B...,, - 2 -

9 .,.,.,,,. (Rudolf Plett Welk ) 2) (El Protestantismo en el Paraguay) (Lic. Rogelio Duarte) 3) (El Desafío Protestante en el Paraguay) ) (Colonia). ( ). ( ), 12,, ) 5,. 20,,.,

10 ,. 1,. 2,,, ,

11 ,,,

12 . A. 1. (T he Republic of Paraguay) , , 2. 4) 2 406,752km. 3,425km (769km), (945km), (1,711km). 5) 2. a. ( 1/ 3) ( 4), 1996 ( :, 1996), 20. 5) Ibid.,

13 2/ 3).,., (Itaipu). ( 850m).,,, (98%) (Asuncion). (the Gran Chaco),.,. ( ),.,., 56.9%, 25.1%. 13.6%,,, 4.4%. 6) b. 6) Ibid., pp

14 (Paraguay)., ( ). (Río Paraguay, 2,550km), (Río Parana, 4,880km), (Río Pilcomayo, 2,500km), (Río La Plata) (Asunción) (Concepción)..,,, 180, 8, 6. 7) 3. a.. 7) Ibid., pp

15 , 24.5 C C, C. 9, 10, 4, 5 20 C. 8) b ,. 1,600mm, 500mm 1,800mm , , ) 4. a.,. 19, 96.2% (Guaraní). (96.2%), 8), ( :, 1998), ) Ibid., pp

16 (2.5%), (1.3%). 10) (,, ),,, (Colonial), 1965,. b ,152,588 2,085,905, 2,066, %, % ),,

17 < 1> ,819,103 2,357,955 3,029,830 4,152,588 ( / km ) (%) (%) (%) : (1993 ) , , , , ) ,. 75%, 90% 5%. 12). - (Tupí- Guraní) 11),, ) SIM Country Profile, Paraguay, , p

18 ,..,.,,. B..,,,. 13) ),,

19 ) ). (A. D Orbiny). 162cm, 149cm.,,,.,.,... 16),,,. (YBAGA) 14) Irmina C. de Lezcano, E s tudios S ociales 2, (Asuncion : Ministerio de Educacion y culto), pp ) Luis G. Benitez, M anual de H istoria P arag uaya (Asunción: Comuneros), p ) Julio Cesar Chaves, Comp endio de H is toria P arag uaya (Asunción: Carlos Schauman Editor, 1988) p

20 .,.,. 17).,. 18) - (T upá- Kuera),. (ang),.. 19).,. 20) 17) Luis G. Benitez, M anual de H istoria Parag uaya, p ),, ) Julio Cesar Chaves, Comp endio de H is toria P arag uaya, p ) Luis G. Benitez, M anual de ahistoria Parag uaya, p

21 . 1,100,. 21) ) 1525 (Alejo Garcia). (Sevastian Caboto) 1528, (Pedro de Mendoza), 1537 (Juan de Ayolas). (Juan de Salazar) 8 15 ( ). 23) 1539 (Domingo Martinez de Irala) 21),, ), ( :, 1980), ),,

22 24) (,., ). 25) ,., (Albar Nuñes Caveza)., ) ) Nuestra Señora Santa Maria de la Asunción"( ). 25),, ),,

23 ,. 27) 1700,,,. 1750, ) 3. a. ( ) (Provincia) (Manuel Belagrano), (Paraguarí) 3 (T acuarí). 29) (Pedro Juan 27),, ),,

24 de Caballero) 1. (Fulgencio Yegros) 5 1., (Fulgencio Yegros) , 2.. (Consulado),,. 30) b (Dictadura) 5 (Rodriguez de Francia)., , 29) Luis G. Benitez, M anual de H istoria Parag uaya, pp ),,

25 , ) c. ( ) (Carlos Antonio Lopez) ,,,,.,.. 32) El Paraguayo Independiente", ) 31) Ibid., pp ) Ibid., pp ),,

26 (Francisco Solano Lopez) , ) (Cerro Corá) 5, ) ) 2 8,, ),,,. 141,000 km. 38) 34) Ibid., p ), ( :, 1980), ) Ernest E. Rossi & Jack C. Plano, The Latin A merican P olitical Dictionary (1980), p ) Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotes tantism o en el P arag uay (A sunción: Univer sidad Nacional, 1987), p

27 d. (Chaco) ( ) , ) 1880 (Bernadino Caballero), (, Partido Liberal), (Partido Colorado), )., (Eusebio Ayala) 38),, ),. 40),,

28 ,. 41) e., (Alfredo Stronesser) (Andrés Rodríguez) 35., , ) C., 1..,. 41),, ),,

29 ,, ,,.. 43). (Lino Oviedo), 10. (Laul Cuvas) ,,. 1 (26.6%, 1993 ), 43) Ibid., pp

30 ., GDP 15% (36.5%, 1993 )..,,. 44) GDP. 45) < 2> GDP (%) : Boletín de Cuentas Nacionales del Banco Central del Paraguay(1995 ) (the treaty of Asunción),, (MERCOSUR). 0(zero) 2001, 44) Ibid., pp ) Ibid., p

31 . MERCOSUR ( 1/60),. 46) 3., a.... (Mate, T erere). 7 12, (Siesta).,..,,., ) Ibid., p

32 ,... b.,.,, 2. (Ñ anduti) ).., (Colonial) (Río de la Plata). 47) Ibid., pp

33 19, (Panteon) (Palacio de Gobierno).. 48) %, 26%. 49) 2, 2,. 48),, ),,

34 . A. 7.8%(1995 : 455,807,000 ) , , 254, ) 50),,

35 < 3> / 3.3% 1, %, / 2.4% 1, % 0.21% %,,, 0.2% % 0.13% % / 79.2% 0.1% % 3 2, %,,, 0.76% % 10-20% % 5, % % % %, 1.2% %. :,, (1995 ) B. 90%. (1992 ).,. 51)

36 ,.,,. 80 2,,. 90., 3, 8. 52) ) < 4> ( ) / (%) (0.39) (%) (11) :,, (1995 ) 1. (Iberia) ),, ),, ) Ibid., p

37 .. 54) (Tupã) )...,. (Semioses)..,..... ( ) 54),, ( :, 1981), ),,

38 . 56). 57) < 5> 1., 2.,, 3., 4.,,,, 5.,,.,. 6.,,,.. : Rogelio Duarte, El Desafio protestante en el Paraguay, (1994).,,. 56) Lic. Rogelio Duarte, E l D esafío P rotestante en el P arag uay, (A sunción: Centro Cristiano de Comunicación Creativa, 1994), pp ) Ibid., pp

39 ..,. (Wilfred B. Grubb), %. 10%. ( ),,,,.,. 58) 58), ( :, 1993),

40 ....,. 20% 90% %..,,,

41 < 6> ( ) ( ) (%) : Rudolfo Plett AD 2, ,500 Rudofo Plett % % , 1, ,

42 < 7> 59) (Denominaciones ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (A semblea de Dios) (Iglesia de Dios ) (Iglesia Bautista) (Los Hermanos Menonitas) (Hermanos Libres) (Iglesia Luterana) (Evangélica Cristiana) (Iglesia Filadelfia) (Iglesia Metodista) (Metodistas Libres) (Iglesia Pentecostal) (Iglesia Presbiteriana Reformada) (Iglesia Evangélica Gracia y Gloria) (Iglesia Anglicana) (Iglesia Neotestamientarias) ,475 6,300 9,369 3,814 4,525 6,110 12,275 3,415 1,250 1,670 1,955 1,770 3,420 3,900 1,200 7, ,416 2, ,672 1, ,243 : Rudolfo Plett 59) AD 2,

43 600,. (Centro Familia Adoración) 890 1,

44 . A ,,. ( ),.. 60) 6 (Alexander ) 1493 (Demarcacion Bull) 60), (,, 1987),

45 ,., (Patronato) (Paul ), (Ferdinand) (Isabella) (The Evangelic Law),. 61),, ) (Clarence H. Haring). 63) 61),, ) Ibid., p ) Hubert Herring, A H istory of Latin A merica (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1962), p

46 ,,.,,. 64) 80% %.. 65) 1555., 1 2.,. 64),, ) Ibid., p

47 . 66) 19,. 19, ). 68),,,.., ,... 69)., 66),, ( :, 1972), ) Harold R. Cook, H ighlights of Christian M issions (Chicago: Moody Press, 1967), p ) K. S. Latourette, H is tory of the Chris tian Church,, ( ) ( :, 1980), ),,

48 . 19, 1870., 20. (United Presbyterians), (United Methodists) (Southern Baptists), (Assemblies of God).,. (C. Peter wagner ) 95%., (Assemblies of God)... (1). (2). (3). (4),. (5). (6).,.,.,. 70) 70) Ibid., pp

49 20, , , ) , , , % %. 72) B. 1. a.,. 71),, ),,

50 ,. 73),,. 74) (Luis de Bolaños) (Concilio Provincial) 1603 (Sínodo de Asunción). 75), ( ) ) (Reducción),. 77) 1609, 73) H istorial del P arag uay, 1 Cur so (A sunción: Editorial Don Bosco, 1973), p ),, ) H istorial del Parag uay, 1 Curso, p ),, ) K. S. Latorette, H is tory of the Christian Church,, ( ) ( :, 1980),

51 ),. 1,. 1768, 30, 2, , ). 80) 3, (Alcalde) (Capitan). (Rector ), (Doctrinero), (Despensero), (Auxiliar). 81) 78),, ) John A. Crow, The Ep ic of Latin A m erica (New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1952), p. 207.,, (,, 1990), ),, ) Luis G. Benitez, M anual de H istoria Parag uaya, p

52 , (San Cosme).. 82). 83) ,. 84) (Tratado de Permuta) 85) 4. 86), 82),, ) K. S. Latourette, H istory of the Chris tian Church,, ( ), ),, ) Luis G. Benitez, M anual de H istoria Parag uaya, p ),, ( :, 1987),

53 . 19..,. 87),..,. 88) b... 87). 88),, ( :, 1985),

54 . 89),,. 90),, ). 92).. 93) 2, ) 2., 89),, ),,, ) ) ),, ), ( :, 1985),

55 %. a. 1) (San Bernardino),. 95). 96). 97) (Thomas Wood) (Juan Villanueva) ) 95) A nuario es tadís tico de la R ep ública del Parag uay (A sunción: Oficina Central de E stadísticas, 1886), p. 87. Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotestantismo en el Parag uay, p ) Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotestantism o en el Parag uay, p ) López, Ar senio D, A lbum Gráf ico de la R epública del P arag uay, Cromos S.R.L. (Asuncion, Paraguay), p Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotestantism o en el Parag uay, p ) T omas S. Gosslin, L os evangélicos en la A m érica Latina (Buenos Aires:

56 ,..., (Juan Pablo Armoa) (Acahay) (Yeguarizo) (J. D. Silva). 99) (Anglicano) 1893, (Wilfred B. Grubb) 1889 (Chaco),. 100) 2) (Wilfred B. Grubb).,. Ed. La Aurora, 1956), p. 38. Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotestantismo en el Parag uay, p ) Milován, Guillermo, La B iblia en el P arag uay (Asunción: La casa de la Biblia, 1980), p ) Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotestantism o en el Parag uay, p

57 ) ).,,,. 103) ) 101) Cardozo, Ef raím, H istoria Colonial del P arag uay (Asunción: F acultad de Filosofía, 1972), p Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotes tantism o en el P arag uay, p ) Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotestantism o en el Parag uay, p ) Grubb, M issionary M agaz ine, (1913), p Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rostestantismo en el Parag uay, p ) Grubb, M issionary M agaz ine, p Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotestantism o en el Parag uay, p

58 . 32,. b. 1) (Anglicana) , (1963 ) ) ,. 106) ) 105) Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotestantism o en el Parag uay, p ) Plett, "E nsay os ", 1983 (formulatios/ cuestionarios sobre los diferentes datos en poder del autor). Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotes tantism o en el P arag uay, p ) D iócesis A nglicana Parag uaya: Proyecto 1977", p. 6. ( DAP ). Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rstestantism o en el Parag uay, p

59 . 6.,,,,. 108) 20 3,500 6,000. 2) (Luterana) , ) 1892, ) 1893 (Wilhelm Edward)..., ) 108) Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P ros tes tantism o en el Parag uay, p ) A nuario estadístico, 1886, pp Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotestantism o en el Parag uay, p ) Ulrich Krupka, 75 j ahre D eutsche E vang elische Gem einde A s unción, Parag uay, , (Asunción: 1968), p. 64. Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rstestantism o en el Parag uay, p ) Ibid., p

60 . 3) (Neotestamentaria) 1902 (Inland South American Missionary Union). (John Hay) (Caygua) (Caazapá) (Paraguarí) )., (Alejandro). 113). (Villarrica).. 114) 1938 (Neotestamentario) ,500, ) 112) Milován, La B iblia en el Parag uay, p ) Ibid., p ) Schumaker. John T, Church Growth in P arag uay (Pasadena: Fuller S, 1972), p ) Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotestantism o en el Parag uay, p

61 4) (Hermanos Libres) 1908 (Alan Schmith) (John Rosses) 116) (W.C.K. T orres). (Villeta) (El Alba). (El mensajero) ). (San Lorenzo), (Itaugua), ( Yaguaron), (Aregua), (San Bernardino).. 118) ) , ) Schumaker, Church Growth in P arag uay, p ) Milován, La B iblia en el Parag uay, p ) Ibid. 119) Plett, "E nsay o 1983", Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P ros tes tantism o en el Parag uay, p

62 . 120) 5) (Discipulos de Cristo) 1918,., 1920 (United Christian Missionary Society) (Discipulo de Cristo) Internacional) ).,,,. 122) 1953,, ),,. 16 1, ) 120) Milován, La B iblia en el Parag uay, p ) Plett, "E nsay o 1982", Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P ros tes tantism o en el Parag uay, pp ) Obras 1960, ( ), Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rostes tavtism o en el Parag uay, p ) Plett, "E nsay o 1982", Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P ros tes tantism o en el Parag uay, p ) Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P ros tes tantism o en el Parag uay, p

63 6) (Evangelica Bautista del Paraguay) (Albardo) (Angel Mongay) 125) (Máximino Fernández) ), ,, ) (Miriam Willis), ) ) Milován, La B iblia en el Parag uay, p ) Cativiela, Laura, M áximino F ernández (Asución: J.B. de Publicaciones, 1960), p ) Kenneth Watkin s, Un P anorama de la Convención B autis ta del P arag uay (Asunción: 1982), p ) Milován, La B iblia en el Parag uay, p

64 . 129) 31 68, 16, , ) 7) (Menonitas) ,765, (Colonia) ) (Lengua) 1932, ,400, ).. 129) Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotestantism o en el Parag uay, p ) Ibid., p ) Rudolf Plett Welk, P res encia M enonita en el P arag uay (A sunción: Imprenta Model S.A., 1979), pp ) Rudolf Plett Welk, E l P rotes tantism o en el Parag uay, pp

65 ,600, ) , ) c. 1881, %( 13.5%) (Asemblea de Dios).,,,, ) 133) "N ews S ervice, " (Boletín informativo del Mcc. Arcon: 11 de mayo, 1977) Rudolf Plett Welk, E l P rotantism o en el Parag uay, p ),, ) Lic. Rogelio Duarte, E l D esaf io P rotes tante en el Parag uay, pp

66 ( 8 ).. (Rudolfo Plett Welk) ,644 44,651 39%, 1, ( 49.8%). < 8> 136) 1946,,,, 15/ 1, ,, 60/ 9, , 170/ 3, ,,, T V 130/ 6, ,, 75/ 3, ,, 8/ ,,,, 180/ 7, ,, 8/ ,,T V 1/ ,,,, 89/ 6, , (, ) ( ) 8/ ,,, 9/ , 3/ , 7/ ,, 18/ 3,000 : Rudolfo Plett ) Rudolfo Plett Welk, E l P rotestantism o en el Parag uay, pp Rudolfo Plett Welk E stadisticas Generales de las Ig les ias E vang elicas del Parag uay el Congreso M is ionero'

67 . 21.,.,.? ) A. 1. ( : Centripetal Mission), 137), ( :, 1995),

68 . (J. Blauw ). 138) ,. (Proselytism) ) 2. ( : Centrifugal Mission)... ( 1:8).. 138) Ibid., p ) Ibid., pp

69 . ( 10 : 3, 7). ( 17:18), ( 20:21). 1 (sending out ),. 140) 3. a. ( 13:1-23)...,.. b. ( 13:6-9). 140),, ( :, 1995),

70 , ( 10:14)..... c. ( 15:1-8).. ( 15:2)..., ( 15:5)....., ( 15:8).,

71 . 141) B. 1. a.,, (Alexander de Rhodes)., 141) Ibid., pp

72 . b. 17,,,.,,. (Robert de Nobili). (guru : ).,. c ,.,.,..,,

73 ,,,,,. d. 18 (Count Zinzendorf) (Bishop Spangenberg) a. 3 (Serampore Trio),,,,.,.,..,

74 . b. 3 (Three- self) 19 (Henry Venn) 3., (self- governing), (self- supporting), (self- propagating). (John L. Nevius)..,.. 19,,.,,.,,,, ,,

75 . 142) 3. 2 a..,, (Anabaptista),. (evangelism in depth), (new life for all), (mobilization evangelism). b. (Donald McGavran)..,. (people movements) 142) Ibid., pp

76 (multi- individual conversions),. 143) C. 1...?..,, ) 143),, ( :, 1994), ),,

77 2..? a... b.,,.. 145)..,.,,, ), ( :, 1994),

78 .. 146) c...,,,.. 147) 3. a.,,.,,.,,,,,,. 148) 146),, ),, ),,,

79 b....,..,.,...,,, ) 149) Ibid., pp

80 . A. 1. a.,. b.?.??.?

81 c.... d e. (Sampling) (Population) ( : Hermano Menonita, : Bautista, : Asemblea de Dios, : Hermanos Libres, : Iglesia de Dios). 4 ( : CEC, : JUCUM, : SIM, : OM)

82 a. (T arget )? 3, ,,. 5 (3 ) (1 ), (1 )..,...,,

83 < 9>? (5) (4) : b.. (1910 ), (1920 ) (1955 ). 1930,.,., CEC( ) 25 SIM( ) 1989, OM( ) 1987, JUCUM( ) JUCUM (CEC, SIM) (OM). (OM), (SIM),

84 (JUCUM),. c. ( 1 ). (3 ) (3 ), (2 ) (2 ). 3, 1., ( :,, ) ( : ), ( ) ( ), ( ). d. ( 2 ) 1,

85 ) , 30. 2).,.,,, 1 1, 4 1-4,, 5,. 3)

86 . 30, 3,,,. 4),.. 5)..,.,,. (Radio Obedira) FM ) ) (OBEDIRA)- FM

87 , 18 ( 4.3%, ) ), CEC( ).. SIM( ),,,,. OM( ). JUCUM( ).,. CEC( ),.,,,

88 . e.,. 1. 1) 5.,..,,,... 2)

89 .... 3),. 4) ),.,

90 6). (OM)., (SIM). (JUCUM)., (CEC).. f. (Population)..?., ( ). ( ).. 3 ( ).,,

91 , ( ).,. ( ). < 10 > 1 3 6,,,,,,,, :. ( )

92 . g. ( ).. 1) (,, ). 2 (SEAN) (Bautistas haciendo discipulos). 2). (Vida Abundante) 18. (FLET : Facultad Latinoamericana de Estudios T eológicos) (Comprendio de T eologia Pastoral)

93 3) ). 5) JUCUM( ), 6.. SIM( ) SEAN FLET. CEC( ). h..,,

94 ..?.,.,,,. ( 11 ).,,

95 < 11> ( ) : i.. 1)

96 .. 2)..., ,, ). 3) ),,, ( :, 1995),

97 4).. 5) (Iglesia de Dios) 1.,,. 6). (Menonita),. 90% 152).,,,,,,. 152).,,

98 . 7). 2-3, ).,... 9)

99 B. 100.,.. 1. a ). 18%,. 154) 2,. 153),, (,, 1989), ) Amadeo Allende, E volución de la Cultura en el P arag uay (Asunción: Editora Asunción, 1979), p

100 12-13%...,. b..,,,,,.,, 155) ),,

101 c.. 1..,...., ),, 156) E.,,, ( :, 1994),

102 . d ).., e., 157),,, ( :, 1991),

103 . 3, ),.,...!(Si)!(Si). (Sí!) ,,.., 158),,

104 .,. 2. a.,,.,. 159)., ),,

105 b..,,,,. 160) ), 2000 ( :, 1989),

106 c. ( 16: 9). 90%,, ),. 161),,

107 .,. 7. A.. 162) ) 162) C. A. Clark, The N evius P lan f or M iss ion W ork in K orea (Seoul: Christian Literature Society, 1937), pp ) World Missionary Conference 1910, R ep ort of Com ission Carrying the Gosp el to A ll the N on- Chris tian W orld (New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1910), p

108 ., (self- support ), (self- government), (self- propagation)....,.,.....,.,

109 . 19,,..,. 164)?,.,...,,.,.. (Clark) 3..,,. 164), :, ( :, 1993),

110 . 165),.,...,....,.,,. 166), 165) C. A. Clark, The N evius P lan for M iss ion W ork in K orea, p ) William Knight, The M issionary S ecretariat of H enry Venn (London : Longmans, Green and Company, 1880), p. 313., ( :, 1991),

111 . B..,. 167)., )

112 . 168) (station missionary work)...,.,,.,.. 169) 10.., ) Donald. Mcgavran, The B ridg e of God,, ( :, 1993), ), :,,

113 .. C.... (contextualization). (contextualization)..,,.. (decontextualization) (contextualizaion). 170) 170),.,

114 . 171) ( 1:14). ( ). 172).. 173),,,,.. 174) ) Ibid., p ), ( :, 1993), ) Ibid., p ),,, 228. J. Herbert Kane

115 1.,.,,,, ) ),..,,. 2...,.. 175),, ),

116 ..., ,,....,

117 D %..?..,.... (Kenneth Stachan). ( )

118 . 177) (2- p) 178).. (3- p).. 179),.. 180). (Persuasive Evangelism)., ) K. R. Strachan, "Call to W itness " in I nternational R eview of M ission, 53, #210, April.,, ),. 179) C. P.,, ( :, 1995), ) Ibid., p

119 . E ),,,.. 182) ),,, 4.4%. 184) 181),,, ), op. cit., ),,

120 .. 80%.,,. ( ),. F. (Anexo) )., 186) 184) Ibid., pp ) Rudolf Plett Welk, E l P rotes tantism o en el Parag uay, p ) ( ), 3-5. (Evangelista),,

121 , (Ita) G.., % Asunción. 187) 187) %, 35%, 8%, 10%

122 .,...., H )

123 . 189).... I %.. < 11> 188). 189)

124 %, % %......,.....,.,..,.,

125 J ,,. 3., 2, ,

126 ) (Bible Methodist Mission). 191) 10, 10 3.,,,. 192), ), ( :, 1986), ), ( :, 1984), 25, ), -, (,, 1986),

127 .. < 12> 9 1 1,, ,, :. (Ciudad del Este) (, ),

128 ...,.....,... 17, 7 10.,.,....,

129 ,

130 . A.., 2.,,. 300,,,.,,,,

131 . 5%. 4...,.,.,. 1945,,,,

132 ,,,...,,,.,,,,

133 , ,,.,, 83.2% 100.,,,

134 B..,.,,,.,., 90%.,,, %.,

135 .,.....,

136 1... :, :, :, 1980.,.. :, :, :, :, 1989.,.. :, 1995.,,.. :, :, :, :,. :, :, :, :, :, Glover, R. H. The Progress of World Wide M ission... :, Herbert, T erry... :, Johnston, P. Op eration W orld.. :,

137 1995. Kane, J. Herbert. A Concise H istory of the Christian W orld M iss ion... :, ,. :, Latourette, K. S. H istory of the Christian Church.. ( ). :, H istory of the Cristian Church.. ( ). :, Longmans, Green and Company, 1880.,. :, Mcgavran, D. A. The B ridges of God... :, Wagner, C. P... : Woodrow, R. E.,.. :, Allende Amadeo, E volución de la Cultura en el Parag uay, Asunción : Editora Asunción, Benitez. Luis G. M anual de H istoria Parag uaya. Asunción : Comuneros, Cardozo, Efraím, H istoria Colonial del Parag uay. Asunción: Facultad de Filosofía, Cativiela, Laura. M áx im ino F ernández. Asución: J. B. de Publicaciones, Chaves, Julio Cesar. Comp endio de H istoria Paraguaya. Asunción: Carlos Schauman Editor, Clark. C. A. The N evius P lan f or M ission W ork in K orea. Seoul: Christian Literature Society, Cook, Harold R. H ighlights of Christian M issions. Chicago: Moody

138 Press, Crow, John A. The Ep ic of Latin A m erica. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., Duarte, L. R. E l D esaf io Protestante en el Parag uay. Asuncion: Centro Cristiano de Comunicacion Creativa Gosslin, T omas S. Los evangélicos en la A mérica Latina. Buenos Aires: Ed. La Aurora, Herring, Hubert. A H istory of Latin A m erica. New York: Alfred A Knopf, John T. Schumaker. Church Growth in Parag uay. Pasadena : Fuller S., H istorial del Parag uay 1 curso. Asunción : Editoriol Don Bosco, Irmina C. de Lezcano. E s tudias S ociales 2. Asunción : Ministreo de Educación y Culto, Krupka, Ulrich. 75 jahre D eutsche Evangelische Gem einde A sunción, Parag uay, Asunción, 1968 Guillermo, Milován. La B iblia en el Parag uay. Asunción: La casa de la Biblia, Rossi, Ernest E. & Jack C. Plano. The Latin A m erican P olitical D ictionary, Watkins, Kenneth. Un Panorama de la Convención B autista del Parag uay. Asunción, Welk, R. P. E l P rotestantism o en el Parag uay. Asuncion: Universiad National, Presencia Menonita en el Paraguay. Asunción : Imprenta Model S.A World Missionary Conference R ep ort of Com ission Carry ing the Gasp el to A ll the non- Cristian W orld. New York : Fleming H. Revell Company, D iócesis A ng licana Parag uaya : P roy ecto 1977, Asunción. Iglesia

139 Anglicana, Plett. "Ensayo 1983." Asunción, SIM Country P rof ile. Parag uay. Asunción : SIM, ,, :, ,,

140 ABST RACT An Efectiv e Mission Str at egy Dev eloped through the Study of Mission History in Paragu ay IM Sung Ik In this thesis w e surv eyed the gener al history and the history of mission in Paraguay In Chapt er 2 the writ er gives a gener al ov erview of the situation in Paraguay so that the r eader may be pr ovided w ith a general under standing of Par aguay as a soil for sowing the seeds of the Gospel. T he gentle people of Paraguay who made their living by farming and br eeding anim als on their fertile land suffered immen sely thr ough many viciou s w ar s, isolation, and the scorn of their neighbor s becau se of their geogr aphical position in the center of South Am erica. T he thr ee hundred year s of Spanish colonial rule especially had a devastating effect on the r eligion, language, culture as w ell as other aspect s of life in Par aguay. Ev en after it s independence Par aguay has had to suffer under the har sh rule of dictat or s and their corruption which came dominate all aspects of life including politics, economics, and education. How ever, w ith their natur ally born optimism, their willingnes s to conform to their envir onm ent and their satisfaction with life as long as they hav e soccer, matte, beef and beer hav e seen all these difficulties through w ith strength. Chapter 3 provides the reader w ith a brief summary of the religiou s situation in Sauth America and Par aguay. Although the majority of the population in South Am erica ar e Catholics many of them ar e nominal Catholics. Recently how ev er, South America has seen a large gr owth of Protestant s especially among the Pentecost als. Paraguay is no ex ception to this trend in Catholicism and has nev er experienced a Spiritual Revival in the Pr otestant chur ch. While the Catholic chur ch w ith it s form alism and corruption hav e not had a positive effect on the Par aguaian society the Protest ant church has also been un succes sful in it s mission and church gr ow th w ith only fiv e per cent of the population confessing Christ as their Lor d and Saviour. Chapter 4 giv es a short surv ey of the mission hist ory of South

141 America and Paraguay. In this survey w e saw how the Catholic chur ch in South Am erica w as closely r elated to the pow er s of colonialism for cing the faith upon the peoples of the land and thu s resulting in a w eak chur ch. Also in the latt er part of the chapter w e surv eyed the Protest ant history of mission. Unfortunately the Pr otestant history of mission in South America st art ed v ery late and w as conducted m ainly by American missionaries w ith a strict conservative perspective. W e also saw the recent explosive growth of the Pentecostal church in Par aguay as compared to other South American countries. We fir st saw how the mission of the Catholic church paralleled the history of Spanish colonialism. T he Jesuits, during the colonial year s form ed a r eligiou s gr oup called the Redoxion which w as seen as a succes s in Indian mis sion. How ev er, becau se they did not apply the principle of self- gov ernm ent in their mission, the Redoxion m ov ement w as not able to survive in the year s after the expulsion of the Jesuit s. T he fir st Pr ot estant s to ent er the country w er e Lutherans fr om Germ any w ho, despite the per secution and oppr ession of the Catholic chur ch, w er e able m anage a steady growth in constituent s and left a memor able impr ession in the mission history of Paraguay. T he formativ e year s of Protestant mis sion w ere br ought along thr ough project s such as open evangelism, supplying bibles to the community and by establishing schools. Most of these progr am s w er e conducted by the Germ an immigrant s and mis sionaries fr om England and Europe in cooper ation w ith missionaries fr om Ar gentina and other regions of South America. During the expan sion period of Pr otestant mission in the year s after 1945 which saw the formation of m any denomination s, central among which w ere the Pent ecostals, mission took place thr ough open evangelism, school ev angelism, bible translation, broadcast ev angelism and the establishment of theological education facilities. In Chapter 5 w e looked at the biblical principles of mission str ategy. Also w e saw the progr ession of mis sion strategy starting with the early mission str ategy w hich combined ev angelism w ith civil education, pr ogres sing to the principle of self- government cent ered around the indigenou s churches, and finally culminating w ith the curr ent mission strategy employ ed after the Second World W ar. Chapter 6 provides the reader with an ov erview of the mis sion

142 str ategy of v ariou s denominations and the posibility of mis sion strategy for Par aguay. T his chapter is cent ered around the r esult s of an analy sis of a survey conduct ed for the purposes of this thesis. In the early stages the target of mission w as centered tow ards the middle and low er clas s and the emphasis w as on str eet evangelism, hou se visitation s, and passing out tracks. A s the center of mis sion shifted from foreign missionaries to indigenou s missionaries and t o cooper ativ e mission betw een dom estic and for eign agencies the mis sion str ategy, while adopting the mission strategy of the previou s year s emphasized and stres sed the importance of self- gov ernance. T he mission str ategy for the future has at it s center the tr aining of leader s, chur ch planting and sending of missionaries. Also each denomination in an effort to boost their con stituencies are focu sing on chur ch planting and evangelization of the masses, while simultaneously stressing the importance of discipleship training. In their suggestion t o for eign missionaries the church of Paraguay asked that the individual missionary be firm in his/ her calling and vision w hile being r espectiv e of the nativ es. A s r egar ding m ethods of mis sion it w as suggested that the foreign missionaries employ a method which looks and acknow ledges the natives as equal partner s and w hich stresses the principle of self- gov ernance. Also the grooming of leader s capable of domestic and for eign mission w as on the top of the list of suggestion s made during this surv ey. T he obstacles to mission in Paraguay are the low education level of the people, antagonism tow ar ds foreigner s in the gener al population, the influences of Catholicism, ignorance and indiffer ence of the people tow ar ds spiritual matter s, lechery, deceit and corruption. T he positive factor s of mission ar e a single and unified language, the simplicity of the people, the fact that the door for mission r emain s open, and the spiritual depravity of the people. Last of all a proposal for an effectiv e mission strategy in Paraguay w as made. Fir st of all, the principle of self- governance mu st be employ ed. Although it has been one hundred year s since the gospel fir st enter ed the country, the chur ches of Paraguay still rem ain dependent on out side assistance. T her efore, it is especially important to establish the principle of self- gov ernance in mission. Also the missionary mu st abstain from doing his w ork sitting in a central office. Instead he/ she should be ready at all times to go to w her ev er he/ she is needed. In

143 mission methodology it is important to r emember that contextualization is neces sary so that the liturgy in w or ship conform to the context of Paraguay. Cont extualization in r egar ds to the Pentecost al mov ement and baptism is also necessary and a m or e aggres sive style of evangelism is necessary. T his proposal also suggests the need to secur e sev er al bases of oper ation in different cities becau se of the poor travel conditions. Also the formation of ev angelism groups for planting chur ches is a good idea when w e take into con sider ation the Paraguaian char act eristic of home churches and school evangelism and evangelism through the establishment of clinics/ hospitals is another form of positive strategy. Giv en the fact that 83.2% of churches in Paraguay hav e a con stituency of less than one hundred per son s it is important to formulate a str ategy for church grow th. T he establishment of schools to alleviate the low education rate of the populace, especially am ong the Pr otestant church member s, and as a mean s to evangelism for the middle and upper classes is also an important method of strategy in mission. Finally, mission utilizing the Korean churches with their plentiful spiritual, per sonnel and material resour ces w as suggested in this pr oposal