~ Fig. 1. The standard of competition basketball wheelchair (Lim, 2003)

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1 초청리뷰논문 Design features of wheelchair for the improvement of wheelchair sports performance Bee-oh Lim* Chung-Ang University [Purpose] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:

2 ~ Fig. 1. The standard of competition basketball wheelchair (Lim, 2003)

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4 Fig. 2. Definition of camber Cohen s d,

5 Fig. 3. Definition of start angle, end angle, push angle ~

6 Fig. 4. Definition of elbow angle, trunk inclination angle (Lim, 2003) Fig. 5. Sequence of propulsion in wheelchair racing

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9 Fig. 6. Wheelchair field test (van der Slikke et al., 2015)

10 ~ Brattgard, S. O., Grimby, G., & Hook, O. (1970). Enegy expenditure and heart rate in driving a wheel-chair ergometer. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitative Medicine, Brubaker, C., McLaurin, C., & McClay, I. (1986). Effects of side slope on wheelchair performance. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, Buckley, S. M., & Bhambhani, Y. N. (1998). The Effects of Wheelchair Camber on Physiological and Perceptual Responses in Younger and Older Men. Adapted physical activity quarterly, Cavanagh, P., & Kram, R. (1985). Mechanical and muscular factors affecting the efficiency of human movement. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Churton, E., & Keogh, J. W. (2013). Constraints influencing sports wheelchair propulsion performance and injury risk. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 28, 5:3. Clarke, R. (1986). Wheelchair sports: Technique and training in athletics. Cambridge: Woodheag-Faulkner. Coast, J., & Welch, H. G. (1985). Linear increase in optimal pedal rate with increased power output in cycle ergometry. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Donovan, C., & Brooks, G. (1977). Muscular efficiency during steady-rate exercise: Effects of speed and work rate. Journal of Applied Physiology, Gaesser, G., & Brooks, G. (1990). Muscular efficiency during steady-rate exercise: Effects of speed and work rate. Journal of Applied Physiology, Goosey, V. L., Campbell, I. G., & Fowler, N.E. (1997). A kinematic analysis of the wheelchair racing techniques of male, female, and junior male athletes. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Goosey, V. L., & Campbell, I. J. (1998). Pushing Economy and Propulsion Technique of Wheelchair Racers at Three Speeds. Adapted physical activity quarterly, Groot, S. D., Veeger, D., Hollander, A. P., & van der Woude, L. H. V. (2002). Wheelchair propulsion technique and mechanical efficiency after 3 wk of practice. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Huang, Y. C., Guo, L. Y., Tsai, C. Y., & Su, F. C. (2013). Mechanical energy and power flow analysis of wheelchair

11 use with different camber settings. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. 16(4), Higgs, C. (1983). An analysis of racing wheelchairs used at the 1980 Olympic Games for the Disabled. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sports, 54(3), Hilbers, P. A., & White, T. P. (1987). Effects of wheelchair design on metabolic and heart rate responses during propulsion by persons with paraplegia. Physical Therapy, Horowitz, J. (1994). High efficiency of type muscle fibers improves performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, Hughes, C. J., Weimar, W. H., Sheth, P. N., & Brubaker, C. E. (1992). Biomechanics of wheelchair propulsion as a function of seat position and user-to-chair interface. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jones, D., Baldini, F., Cooper, R., Robertson, R., & Widman, L. (1992). Economical aspects of wheelchair propulsion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(5)(Suppl.). S32. Jung, D. (1998). The Effects of forward and backward propulsions on energy metabolism, upper body's muscle fatigue and wheeling motion in manual wheelchair. Ph.D. Dissertation, Seoul National University. Lim, B. (2003). The effects of wheelchair camber and handrim size in wheelchair basketball movement. Ph.D. Dissertation, Seoul National University. Mason, B. (2011). The ergonomics of wheelchair configuration for optimal sport performance. Ph.D. Dissertation, Loughborough University. Leicestershire, UK. Mason, B., van der Woude, L., Lenton, J. P., & Goosey-Tolfrey, V. (2012). The effect of wheel size on mobility performance in wheelchair athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(10), Meijs, P. J. M., Oers, C. A. J. M. van, Veeger, H. E. J., & Woude, L. H. V. van der. (1989). The effect of seat height on the physiological response and propulsion technique in wheelchair ambulation. Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences, 2(4) Michielli, D., & Stricevic, M. (1977). Various pedalling frequencies at equivalent power outputs. New York State Medical Journal, Powers, S. K., Beadle, R., & Mangum, M. (1984). Exercise efficiency during arm ergometry : Effects of speed and work rate. Journal of applied physiology, Ridgway, M., Pope, C., & Wilkerson, J. (1988). A kinematic analysis of 800 meter wheelchair-racing techniques. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Sabari, J., Shea, M., Chen, L., Laurenceau, A., & Leung, E. (2016). Impact of wheelchair seat height on neck and shoulder range of motion during functional task performance. Assistive Technology, 28(3), Sanderson, D. J., & Sommer, H. J. (1986). Kinematic features of wheelchair propulsion, Journal of Biomechanics, 18(6) Seabury, J., Adams, W., & Ramey, M. (1977). Influence of pedalling rate and power output on energy expenditure during bicycle ergometry. Ergonomics, Simim, M. A. M., de Mello, M. T., Silva, B. V. C., Rodrigues, D. F., Rosa, J. P. P., Couto, B. P., & da Silva, A. (2017). Load Monitoring Variables in Training and Competition Situations: A Systematic Review Applied to Wheelchair Sports. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 34(4), Statistics Korea(2016). Statistics annual report. Tsai, C. Y., Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. C., Lin, P. C., & Su, F. C. (2012). The effects of rear-wheel camber on the kinematics of upper extremity during wheelchair propulsion. Biomedical Engineering Online, 22, 11:87. Trudel, G., Kirby, R. L., & Ackroyd-Stolarz, S. A. (1997). Effects of rear-wheel camber on wheelchair stability. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Trudel, G., Kirby, R. L., & Bell, A. C. (1995). Mechanical effects of rear-wheel camber on wheelchairs. Assistive Technology: the Official Journal of RESNA, van der Slikke, R. M. A., Berger, M. A. M., Bregman, D. J. J., & Veeger, H. E. J. (2015). Wheel skid correction is a prerequisite to reliably measure wheelchair sports kinematics based on inertial sensors. Procedia Engineering, 112, van der Slikke, R. M. A., de Witte, A. M. H., Berger, M. A. M., Bregman, D. J. J., & Veeger, D. J. H. E. J. (2018). Wheelchair Mobility Performance enhancement by

12 Changing Wheelchair Properties; What is the Effect of Grip, Seat Height and Mass? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12, Vanlandewijck, Y. C., Spaepen, A. J., & Lysens, R. J. (1994). Wheelchair propulsion efficiency: movement pattern adaptations to speed changes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Veeger, D., van der Woude, L. H. V., & Rozendal, R. H. (1992). Effect of handrim velocity on mechanical efficiency in wheelchair propulsion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(1) Veeger, H. E. J., Woude, L. H. V. van der, Bieleman, H. J., & Paul, J. A. (1988). EMG and movement pattern in maunal wheelchair propulsion. Proceedings of International Society of Electromyography and Kinesiology(pp ). ISEK, Enschede. Wang, Y. T., Deutsch, H., Morse, M., Hedrick, B., & Milikan, T. (1995). Three-dimensional kinematics of wheelchair propulsion across racing speeds. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Woude, L. H. V. van der., Veeger, H. E. J., Meys, P., & Oers, L. van (1988). The effect of sitting height on physiology and propulsion technique. In Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Research in Rehabilitation. Woude, L. H. V., Veeger, H. E. J., & Rozendal, R. H. (1990). Seat height in handrim wheelchair propulsion : A follow up study. Journal of Rehabilitation Science,

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]