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1 Original ORIGINAL Article ARTICLE Korean Circulation J 2006;36: ISSN c 2006, The Korean Society of Circulation 관상동맥질환진단에있어실시간 3 차원심초음파와이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사의비교연구 - 실시간 3 차원초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사 - 인하대학교의과대학순환기내과학교실, 1 인천기독병원내과 2 김기창 1 이창근 1 안인선 1 최웅길 1 최윤아 1 김영삼 2 김대혁 1 박금수 1 이우형 1 권준 1 Comparison Study between Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Using Real-Time Three Dimensional and Two Dimensional Echocardiography for Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease - Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Using Real-Time Three Dimensional Echocardiography - Gi-Chang Kim, MD 1, Chang-Kun Lee, MD 1, In Sun Ahn, MD 1, Woong-Gil Choi, MD 1, Yun Ah Choi, MD 1, Young Sam Kim, MD 2, Dae-Hyeok Kim, MD 1, Keum-Soo Park, MD 1, Woo-Hyung Lee, MD 1 and Jun Kwan, MD 1 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon Christian Hospital, Incheon, Korea ABSTRACT Background and Objectives:Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) with 2D echocardiography (2DE) is one of the time-consuming procedures in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Moreover, the accuracy of DSE with 2DE depends on the operator s skill or bias during the image acquisition. This study was conducted to determine the feasibility and accuracy of DSE with real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE) for the diagnosis of CAD. Subject and Methods:62 patients (RT3DE: 36, 2DE: 26), suspected of angina pectoris and postrevascularization ischemia, underwent DSE and coronary angiography (CAG). Image acquisition was performed at the baseline, and at 4 times during the dobutamine infusion and recovery stages. The procedure time (from the baseline to the end of the peak dose stage) was recorded. Off-line analyses of the volumetric images acquired with RT3DE were performed using 3D computer software (TomTec, Co.). Digitized quad-screen images acquired with 2DE were analyzed using the 2DE review system (ProSolv 4.0). >50% luminal diameter stenosis of any coronary artery on CAG was defined as significant coronary artery stenosis. Results:The procedure time of DSE with RT3DE was significantly shorter than that of DSE with 2DE (25±4 vs. 37±4 mins, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the sensitivity (p>0.05) or specificity (p>0.05) between the two procedures. Conclusion: DSE with RT3DE seems to be a feasible and less time consuming diagnostic procedure, probably providing comparable sensitivity and specificity for the detection of coronary artery stenosis, than DSE with 2DE. (Korean Circulation J 2006;36: ) KEY WORDS:Dobutamine stress echocardiography;three dimensional echocardiography;coronary artery disease. 논문접수일 :2006 년 15 월 08 일수정논문접수일 :2006 년 9 월 18 일심사완료일 :2006 년 11 월 14 일교신저자 : 권준, 인천광역시중구신흥동 3 가인하대학교의과대학순환기내과학교실전화 :(032) 전송 :(032) kuonmd@inha.ac.kr 737

2 738 Korean Circulation J 2006;36: 서 론 도에서부정맥이있는환자는연구대상에서제외하였다. 도부타민부하심초음파검사는심근관류에대한기능적검사의하나로관상동맥질환의진단및예후평가에널리사용되어지고있다. 1-8) 하지만기존의이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사방법은영상확보하는데많은시간이소요될뿐아니라시행자의편견및영상확보능력에따라그결과의정확성이달라질수있다는제한점을가지고있다. 9) 초기실시간 3차원심초음파검사는단한번의영상확보로심장전체 volumetric 영상을얻을수있다는장점에도불구하고이미지해상도에한계가있어실제임상에이용되지못했다 ) 최근개발된실시간 3차원심초음파는시간및공간해상도가많이향상되었을뿐아니라비교적쉽고빠르게이미지를획득할수있어기존의한계를어느정도극복할수있게되었다. 19)20) 저자들은협심증이의심되는환자및관상동맥혈관재형성후재협착이의심되는환자를대상으로이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사와실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사를시행하여, 관상동맥폐쇄성질환의진단에있어실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사의유용성을평가하고자하였다. 대상및방법 대상 2003 년 12월부터 2004 년 8월까지인하대학교의과대학순환기내과에흉통을주소로방문한협심증이의심되는환자와관상동맥혈관재형성후재협착이의심되는 62명의환자를대상으로무작위로이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사와실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사를시행하였다. 환자중기저상태의국소벽운동이무운동이거나심한국소벽운동장애를보인환자, 심초음파결과영상확보시협조가되지않은환자그리고심전 도부타민투여방법도부타민투여 48 시간전에베타차단제, 칼슘차단제, 혈관확장제를포함한심혈관계에영향을미치는모든약물투약을중단하였고, 초기 10 μg/kg/min 부터 20, 30, 40 μg/ kg/min 까지주사하고매용량투여 3분후에심박수와혈압을측정하였다. 그리고연령을고려한최대심박수의 85% 에도달하지못한경우에는 atropine 0.25 mg을정맥내로정주하여최대 1 mg까지투여하였다. 도부타민투여는중증고혈압 ( 수축기혈압 >200 mmhg, 확장기혈압 >110 mmhg) 및저혈압, 의미있는부정맥발생, 전형적인흉통의발생및지속, 심초음파에서새로운국소벽운동장애를보이거나악화되는경우에중단하였다. 이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사휴식기에이면성심초음파 (Sonos 7500, Phillips Medical systems, Andover, MA) 로심실벽운동이상을확인하고도부타민을정해진용량으로정주하면서각단계에서 (baseline stage, low dose stage, peak dose stage, recovery stage) 심실벽운동의변화를보기위한표준적인영상구도로흉골장축단면도, 흉골단축단면도, 심첨 4방도그리고심첨 2 방도를기록하고이를디지털영상으로변환하여한화면에서 4단계의동영상을비교할수있도록하였다. Quad-screen image 를이면성 Review system(prosolve 4.0, Prosolv, Co. Pennsylvania) 을이용하여오프라인에서분석하였다. 실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사 3차원심초음파영상은 Live 3D 심초음파 (Sonos 7500, Phillips Medical systems, Andover, MA) 의 matrix-array transducer(x4, 2~4 MHz) 를사용하여각단계에서흉골연과심첨방부위에서 4 심주기동안 4개의작은 volumetric 영상을얻은후전체를통합하여 1개의전체심장 volumetric 영상을완성했다. 이렇게얻어진영상을 4D Cardio-View A B Fig. 1. Off-line regional wall motion analysis of acquired volumetric image with multiplanar reconstructive mode. All 16 segments can be assessable by moving (A) and rotating (B) the cutting plane.

3 Gi-Chang Kim, et al:stress Echocardiography Using 3D Echocardiography 739 (TomTec, Co. Munich, Germany) 를이용하여 multiplanar reconstructive(mpr) modes 의 cropping 방법을이용하여오프라인에서분석하였다 (Fig. 1). 먼저흉골연영상에서흉골장축단면도상의단축절단면 (cut-plane) 을심저부에서심첨부로이동하면서각분절의국소벽운동장애를분석하였다 (Fig. 1A). 그리고심첨방영상에서장축의절단면인흉골단축단면도에서회전하면서심첨장축단면도에서나타나는좌심실각분절의국소벽운동장애를분석하였다 (Fig. 1B). 심실벽운동의평가및도부타민부하검사시간심실벽운동에대한평가는 2명의심초음파전문의가미국심초음파학회에서제시한 16개의좌심실벽분절을기준으로하여정상심실벽운동, 경도및중등도의저운동, 심한저운동, 무운동, 수축기에심근의운동실조로구분하였다. 검사의양성기준은도부타민주사후 2개이상의연접한분절에서새로운벽운동이상이관찰되거나, 도부타민저용량에서호전되다가고용량에서악화되는경우를포함하였고변화가없는경우는음성으로하였다. 도부타민부하총검사시간은기저상태 (baseline stage) 의검사시작시간으로부터최대용량단계에도달한후영상확보를마칠때까지의시간으로정의하였다. 관상동맥조영술도부타민부하검사를시행한모든환자를대상으로관상동맥조영술을시행하였고, 표준혈관직경의 50% 이상의내경협착이있는경우를유의한협착소견으로정의하였다. 통계통계분석은 SPSS(Version 13.0) 를이용하여통계처리하였으며연속변수는평균값 ± 표준편차로표시하였다. 두군의비교는 unpaired t-test, Fisher exact test, χ 2 검정을이용하여분석하였고 p값이 0.05 미만인경우에통계학적으로유의한것으로판단하였다. 측정자내 (intraobserver) 와측정자간 (interobserver) 의신뢰도평가를위해카파 (κ) 검정을이용하였다. 결과 대상환자의임상적특성도부타민부하검사를시행받은환자는총 62명으로이중 36 명은실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사를, 26명은이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사를시행하였고, 환자군중협심증이의심되어도부타민부하검사를시행한자는각각 16명, 17명이었고재협착이의심되어도부타민부하검사를시행한자는각각 20명, 9명이었다. 대상환자군의평균연령은실시간 3차원심초음파와이면 성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사각각에서 59±12 세, 60±11 세였고, 남녀비는각각 27:9, 17:9이었으며, 대상환자의임상적특징에서과거력상심근경색이있었던환자의수가차이가나는것을제외하고는고혈압, 당뇨, 고지혈증그리고흡연의위험인자나투여약물의빈도에서유의한차이가없었다 (Table 1). 실시간 3차원심초음파와이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사에서각군의기저상태이미지는큰차이를보이지않았으며조영제를이용한도부타민부하검사는시행하지않았다. 도부타민투여용량및혈류역학변화도부타민최대투여용량은실시간 3차원심초음파와이면성심초음파를이용한검사에서 30 μg/kg/min 까지주사된경우는각각 1명이었고, 40 μg/kg/min 까지주사된경우는 24명, 17명이었으며, 40 μg/kg/min+atropine까지주사된경우는 11명, 8명으로두군사이에유의한차이가없었다 (Table 2). 그리고두군모두에서검사중각각 1명에서전형적인흉통을호소하며심전도상 ST분절의상승이나타나도부타민 30 μg/kg/min 투여중검사를중지하였으나, 이외심실빈맥, 심한저혈압, 급성심근경색증, 사망등의심각한부작용이있었던환자는없었고, 양군에서기저상태및최대용량단계에서혈류역학적데이터의유의한차이는없었다 (Table 2). Table 1. Patients characteristics RT3DSE 2DSE p No. of patients Age (years) 59±12 60±11 Sex (M:F) 27:9 17:9 Clinical diagnosis, n (%) Angina pectoris 16 (44) 17 (65) Postrevascularization ischemia 20 (56) 19 (35) Previous angina pectoris 18 (22) 15 (19) Previous myocardial infarcation 11 (31) 12 (18) 0.03 Previous coronary bypass 11 (13) 12 (18) Risk factor, n (%) Hypertension 15 (42) 15 (58) Diabetes mellitus 19 (25) 14 (15) Hypercholesterolemia 22 (61) 11 (42) Smoking 17 (47) 13 (50) Medications, n (%) Nitrates 23 (64) 16 (62) Beta-blockers 11 (31) 16 (23) Calcium channel blockers 19 (25) 18 (31) ACE inhibitor 13 (36) 17 (27) Statin 22 (61) 10 (38) : p>0.05, RT3DSE: real-time 3D dobutamine stress echocardiography, 2DSE: 2D dobutamine stress echocardiography, ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme

4 740 Korean Circulation J 2006;36: Table 2. Dobutamine stress echocardiographic data of 62 study patients Maximum infusion dose of dobutamine, n (%) 도부타민부하검사및관상동맥조영술결과 RE3DSE 2DSE p 30 μg/kg per min 11 (13) 11 (14) 40 μg/kg per min 24 (67) 17 (65) 40 μg/kg per min plus atropine 11 (30) 8 (31) DES result, n(%) Baseline Peak dose stage Normal Normal 14 (39) 16 (62) Mild or moderate No worse hypokinesia RWMA 15 (14) 13 (12) Normal New RWMA 19 (25) 13 (12) Mild or moderate Worse hypokinesia RWMA 18 (22) 14 (16) Baseline hemodynamic data Heart rate (bpm) 166±11 165±10 Systolic blood pressure (mmhg) 132± ±24. Diastolic blood pressure (mmhg) 177±11 173±91 Peak stress hemodynamic data Heart rate (bpm) 114±16 113±15 Systolic blood pressure (mmhg) 178±26 167±34 Diastolc blood pressure (mmhg) 190±14 184±18 : p>0.05. RT3DSE: real-time 3D dobutamine stress echocardiography, 2DSE: 2D dobutamine stress echocardiography, DES: dobutamine stress echocardiography, RWMA: regional wall motion abnormality min ±4 37±4 RT3DSE p< DSE Fig. 2. Comparison of procedure time between two test. RT3DSE: real-time 3D dobutamine stress echocardiography, 2DSE: 2D dobutamine stress echocardiography. 도부타민부하검사결과양성은실시간 3차원심초음파와이면성심초음파를이용한검사에서각각 17명과 7명이었는데이중새로운벽운동이상이관찰된경우는 9명과 3명이었고저용량에서호전되다가고용량에서악화되는경우는 8명과 4명이었다 (Table 2). 관상동맥조영술을시행한 62명의환자중 29명에서협착소견을보였고병변혈관수에따라단일혈관질환 13명, 두혈관질환 7명그리고세혈관질환 9명이었다. 이중협심증이의심되었던환자에서 15명이협착소견을보였고병변혈관수에따라각각 7명, 4명그리고 4명이었다. 재협착 Table 3. Comparative sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and accuracy of real-time 3D and 2D dobutamine stress echocardiography for detecting angina pectoris and postrevascularization ischemia 이의심되었던환자에서는 14명이협착소견을보였고병변혈관수에따라각각 6명, 3명그리고 5명이었다. 실시간 3 차원심초음파를이용한부하검사에서 20명이이면성심초음파를이용한부하검사에서 9명이협착소견을보였다. 도부타민부하검사의검사시간및진단율도부타민부하검사의총검사시간은실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사는 25±4 분, 이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사는 37±4 분으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.001)(fig. 2). 실시간 3차원심초음파와이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사의민감도는 80% vs. 67%(p>0.05), 특이도 93% vs. 94%(p>0.05) 그리고정확도는 86% vs. 85%(p> 0.05) 로두군에서유의한차이는보이지않았다 (Table 3). 측정자내, 측정자간신뢰도의평가카파 (κ) 검정을이용하여평가한측정자내와측정자간의신뢰도평가에서측정자내신뢰도는 0.77 이었고, 측정자간의신뢰도는 0.82 로모든값의일치도가 0.75 이상을보여우수한일치도를보였다. 고 RT3DSE 2DSE p Sensitivity 80% 67% Specificity 93% 94% Positive predictive value 94% 86% Negative predictive value 79% 84% Accuracy 86% 85% : p>0.05, RT3DSE: real-time 3D dobutamine stress echocardiography, 2DSE: 2D dobutamine stress echocardiography 부하심초음파검사는최근에는관상동맥질환을진단하는데있어심근내관류의기능적평가방법중하나로부하관류영상방법보다높은특이도를가지고있어많이이용되고있는방법이다. 이중도부타민부하심초음파검사는운동부하심초음파검사와비슷한민감도를가진것으로보고되고있으며, 10-12) 특히육체적제한등여러가지이유로운동을할수없는환자에서쉽게이용될수있는장점을가지고있다. 13) 그리고도부타민부하심초음파검사는관상동맥혈관재형성후재협착의진단및급성심근경색환자의평가와심근의생존평가등관상동맥질환의예후판정에유용한검사방법으로이용되고있다. 1-8) 그러나기존의이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사는 16개의좌심실분절의벽운동을평가하기위해서도부타민부하각단계마다표준화된영상단면을모두확보하 찰

5 Gi-Chang Kim, et al:stress Echocardiography Using 3D Echocardiography 741 기위해많은시간이소요되는제한점을가지고있다. 또한시행자의잘못된편견또는영상확보의미숙함으로인해병변부위분절이작은경우이를놓쳐부정확한진단이나오는경우가발생할수있다. 9) 초기실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사는한번의영상확보로전체심장의 volumetric 영상을얻을수있으며검사시간도단축시킬수있다고보고된바있으나, 14)15) 이면성심초음파에비해상대적으로낮은공간및시간해상력으로인하여임상에서널리이용되지못하였다 ) 그러나최근 matrix-array transducer 를이용한새로운시스템의실시간 3차원심초음파기 (Sonos 7500, Phillips Medical systems, Andover, MA) 의개발로공간및시간해상력이훨씬향상되어 19)20) 초기실시간 3차원심초음파의제한점을어느정도극복할수있게되었다. 본연구에서는무작위로이면성심초음파와새로운시스템의실시간 3차원심초음파를이용하여도부타민부하검사를시행하였는데실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사군에서검사시간을유의하게줄일수있었다. 또한본연구에서는실시간 3차원심초음파와이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사의민감도는 80% vs. 67% 이고특이도가 93% vs. 94% 로실시간 3차원초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사가이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사와유의한차이를보이지않았으며기존에보고된도부타민부하검사결과와도비슷한결과를보였다. 1-4)19-21) Matsumura 등 20) 은실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한경우심첨영역의이미지획득성공률이더높아좌전하행지의심근허혈진단의정확성이더욱높은경향을보인다고하였고, 작은영역의심근허혈의진단의가능성이높다고언급한바있는데, 본연구에서관상동맥분포에따른도부타민부하검사의정확성을분석하지는않았지만이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사예에서심첨부영상확보과정에서영상축소 (foreshorten) 로인해심첨분절의영상확보가제대로되지않아결과가위음성으로나온경우를경험한바있다. 반면실시간 3차원초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사에서는오프라인에서 MPR mode 를이용하여심첨분절을제대로찾아정확하게분석할수있기때문에위음성발생을낮출수있는장점을가지고있다. Ahmad 등 15) 은 volumetric 영상을이용한도부타민부하검사연구에서기존의도부타민부하심초음파에비하여실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사가최대용량단계스캐닝시간이각각 62초와 27초로의미있는차이를보이고있다고보고한바있고, Matsumura 등 20) 도심근허혈의진단에서기존의이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사와실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사의비교연구에서최대용량단계에서평균스캐닝시간이각각 68초와 29 초로실시간 3차원도부타민부하심초음파검사가빠르고간편한방법임을보고한바있다. 본연구결과에서는앞서언급한스캔닝시간차를감안할때예측되는시간차보다더큰시간차를보였다. 실시간 3 차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사는한번의영상확보로좌심실전체영상이얻어지므로추가적인영상확보가필요없지만, 이면성심초음파를이용한경우실제대부분의검사실에서 quad-screen 에저장될 4개의영상외에통상적으로흉골단축단면도기저부, 심첨부그리고심첨 5방도또는 3방도영상등을추가적으로비디오에저장하여필요시검사의정확도를높이는데이용하도록장려되고있다. 본연구의목적은단순히두검사기의이미지스캐닝에걸리는시간차를보는것이아닌실제임상에서소요되는두검사에소요되는시간차를비교해보고자함이며, 본연구결과에서보이는더큰시간차는앞서언급한이면성심초음파검사가가지고있는한계점으로인한검사시간지연에의한것으로사료된다. 본연구의제한점으로는첫째두검사의정확성을비교하는데있어같은환자를대상으로두검사방법에대한직접비교분석을하지않았다는점이다. 본연구의목적이두검사의정확성을비교해보는동시에두검사의스캔닝시간이아닌총검사시간을비교하는것이기때문에한환자에서두검사를다시행할경우두검사를처음부터끝가지두번에걸쳐시행해야하므로너무긴검사시간및고비용문제로환자의동의를구하기어려워시행하지못하였다. 그리고환자군의임상적특징에서실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사군에서심근경색환자수가많아두검사의민감도및양성예측도에영향을줄수있을것으로사료된다. 그러나기저상태에서정상벽운동또는중등도이하벽운동장애를보이는환자만을대상으로하였기때문에결과에미치는영향은그리크지않았을것으로사료되는바이다. 둘째로본연구는관상동맥분포에따른도부타민부하검사의정확성을분석하지는않았다. 이는두검사방법이영상을확보하는방법에서차이가있지만, 영상을분석하는방법에있어서는실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한검사도 MPR mode 로얻어지는이면성영상에서벽운동을평가하기때문에결과에크게차이가없을것으로생각된다. 마지막으로비교적적은수의환자를대상으로하였다는제한점을가지고있다. 이를극복하기위해서향후에더욱많은환자를대상으로연구가필요하겠다. 이상의결과로실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사는검사시간을단축할수있어환자에게편리함을줄수있을뿐아니라, 임상에서도그동안장시간검사시간소요로적은환자에서시행되었던도부타민부하검사수를더늘릴수있다는장점을확인할수있었다. 그러나현재까지는오프라인에서만국소벽운동장애를분석할수있다는점과과거에비해시간및공간해상도에서많은향상이있었다고는하나아직은이면성심초음파에비해상

6 742 Korean Circulation J 2006;36: 대적으로낮은시간및공간해상도를가지고있는제한점이있지만이러한문제점들도향후개발을통해극복될수있을것으로기대하는바이다. 결론적으로실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사는기존의이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사와비교하여관상동맥질환을진단하는데있어기존의이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사와비교하여견줄만할뿐아니라, 총검사시간을유의하게단축시킬수있어임상에서쉽고빠르게사용될수있는유용한검사방법으로사료되며따라서향후임상에서널리사용될수있을것으로기대되는바이다. 요약 배경및목적 : 관상동맥질환을진단하는데실시간 3차원심초음파와이면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사의유용성과정확성을알아보고자본연구를시행하였다. 방법 : 대상환자는본원을흉통을주소로내원한협심증이의심되는환자와관상동맥혈관재형성후재협착이의심되는환자를대상으로하였다. 환자군을무작위로두군으로분류하여이면성심초음파와실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사를시행하였고, 도부타민은초기 10 μg/kg/ min 부터투여하여약 3분간격으로최대 40 μg/kg/min 까지투여하였고연령을고려한최대심박수 85% 에도달하지못하는경우 atropine 0.25 mg을정맥내로정주하여최대 1 mg까지투여하였다. 결과 : 전체 62명중 36명은실시간 3차원도부타민부하심초음파검사를, 26명은이면성도부타민부하심초음파검사를시행하였고, 평균연령은각각 59±12 세, 60±11 세였고남녀비는각각 27:9, 17:9이였다. 총검사시간은실시간 3차원도부타민부하심초음파검사가 25±4 분, 이면성도부타민부하심초음파검사가 37± 4분으로의미있는차이를보였다 (p<0.001). 관상동맥조영술에서 50% 이상의협착소견은 62 명중 29 명으로, 단일혈관질환 13명, 두혈관질환 7명, 세혈관질환 9명이었다. 실시간 3차원도부타민부하심초음파검사와이면성도부타민부하심초음파검사민감도는 80% vs. 67%(p>0.05), 특이도는 93% vs. 94%(p>0.05) 그리고정확도는 86% vs. 85% (p>0.05) 이었다. 검사중심실빈맥, 심한저혈압, 급성심근경색증, 사망등의심각한부작용이있었던환자는없었다. 결론 : 실시간 3차원심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사는이 면성심초음파를이용한도부타민부하검사와견줄만할뿐아니라, 전체적인좌심실이미지를쉽고빠르게획득하여검사시간을기존의도부타민심초음파검사방법보다단축할수있어관상동맥질환의진단에임상적으로유용한검사방법으로사료되는바이다. 중심단어 : 도부타민부하검사 ; 실시간 3차원심초음파 ; 관상동맥질환. 감사문본연구의진행에많은도움을주신심초음파검사실의전민재, 채정심초음파기사분들께진심으로감사드립니다. REFERENCES 1) Sawada SG, Segar DS, Ryan T, et al. Echocardiographic detection of coronary artery disease during dobutamine infusion. Circulation 1991;83: ) Geleijnse ML, Fioretti PM, Roelandt JR. Methodology, feasibility, safety and diagnostic accuracy of dobutamine stress echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30: ) Kim HC, Chae JK, Moon SK, Kim WH, Ko JK. Usefulness of dobutamine stress echocardiography for detecting restenosis after coronary artery stenting. J Korean Soc Echocardiogr 1998;6: ) Goh CW, Rim SJ, Ha JW, et al. Prognostic value of dobutamine echocardiography in prediction of late recovery of regional myocardial dysfuction in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Korean Circ J 1998;28: ) Chung BY, Rim SJ, Choi SH, et al. Dobutamine echocardiography in chronic coronary artery disease with left ventricular dysfunction. Korean Circ J 1998;28: ) Jeong JW, Oh SK, Lim SB, et al. Usefulness of dobutamine stress echocardiography for identification of viable myocardium in acute myocardial infarction. J Korean Soc Echocardiogr 1997; 5: ) Chuah SC, Pellikka PA, Roger VL, McCully RB, Seward JB. Role of dobutamine stress echocardiography in predicting outcome in 860 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Circulation 1998;97: ) Poldermans D, Fioretti PM, Boersma E, et al. Long-term prognostic value of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography in 1737 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease: a single-center experience. Circulation 1999;99: ) Popp R, Agatston A, Armstrong W, et al. Recommendations for training in performance and interpretation of stress echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1998;11: ) Dagianti A, Penco M, Agati L, Sciomer S, Rosanio S, Fedele F. Stress echocardiography: comparison of exercise, dipyridamole and dobutamine in detecting and predicting the extent of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26: ) Marwick T, Willemart B, D hondt AM, et al. Selection of the optimal nonexercise stress for the evaluation of ischemic regional myocardial dysfunction and malperfusion: comparison of dobutamine and adenosine using echocardiography and 99mTc- MIBI single photon emission computed tomography. Circulation 1993;87: ) Beleslin BD, Ostojic M, Stepanovic J, et al. Stress echocardiography in the detection of myocardial ischemia: head-to-head comparison of exercise, dobutamine, and dipyridamole tests. Circulation 1994;90: ) Kang HS. Stress echocardiography. J Korean Soc Echocardiogr

7 Gi-Chang Kim, et al:stress Echocardiography Using 3D Echocardiography ;9: ) Takuma S, Zwas DR, Fard A, et al. Real-time, 3-dimensional echocardiography acquires all standard 2-dimensional images from 2 volume sets: a clinical demonstration in 45 patients. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999;12: ) Ahmad M, Xie T, McCulloch M, Abreo G, Runge M. Real-time three-dimensional dobutamine stress echocardiography in assessment stress echocardiography in assessment of ischemia: comparison with two-dimensional dobutamine stress echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37: ) Shiota T, McCarthy PM, White RD, et al. Initial clinical experience of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography in patients with ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1999;84: ) Kisslo J, Firek B, Ota T, et al. Real-time volumetric echocardiography: the technology and the possibilities. Echocardiography 2000;17: ) Takuma S, Ota T, Muro T, et al. Assessment of left ventricular function by realtime 3-dimensional echocardiography compared with conventional noninvasive methods. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001;14: ) Sugeng L, Weinert L, Thiele K, Lang RM. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography using a novel matrix array transducer. Echocardiography 2003;20: ) Matsumura Y, Hozumi T, Arai K, et al. Non-invasive assessment of myocardial ischaemia using new real-time three-dimensional dobutamine stress echocardiography: comparison with conventional two-dimensional methods. Eur Heart J 2005;26: ) Collins M, Hsieh A, Ohazama CJ, et al. Assessment of regional wall motion abnormalities with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999;12:7-14.

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