ii Copyright c 2000 Tobias Oetiker and all the Contributers to LShort. All rights reserved. This document is free; you can redistribute it and/or modi

Transcription

1 The Not So Short Introduction to L A TEX 2ε LATEX 2ε 102 L A TEX 2ε by Tobias Oetiker Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth Schlegl Version 3.20, 09 August, 2001,,,,, 3.20-kr,

2 ii Copyright c 2000 Tobias Oetiker and all the Contributers to LShort. All rights reserved. This document is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this document; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. (free). (FSF) GNU GPL( ) GNU GPL. GNU GPL. Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. GNU GPL.

3 L A TEX Hubert Partl <partl@mail.boku.ac.at> Zentraler Informatikdienst der Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Irene Hyna <Irene.Hyna@bmwf.ac.at> Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung Wien Elisabeth Schlegl in Graz <no >, Jörg Knappen L A TEX 2ε. CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort/german, comp.text.tex.,,...,..

4 iv Rosemary Bailey, Friedemann Brauer, Jan Busa, Markus Brühwiler, David Carlisle, José Carlos Santos, Mike Chapman, Christopher Chin, Carl Cerecke, Chris McCormack, Wim van Dam, Jan Dittberner, Michael John Downes, David Dureisseix, Elliot, David Frey, Robin Fairbairns, Jörg Fischer, Erik Frisk, Frank, Kasper B. Graversen, Alexandre Guimond, Cyril Goutte, Greg Gamble, Neil Hammond, Rasmus Borup Hansen, Joseph Hilferty, Björn Hvittfeldt, Martien Hulsen, Werner Icking, Jakob, Eric Jacoboni, Alan Jeffrey, Byron Jones, David Jones, Johannes-Maria Kaltenbach, Michael Koundouros, Andrzej Kawalec, Alain Kessi, Christian Kern, Jörg Knappen, Kjetil Kjernsmo, Maik Lehradt, Alexander Mai, Martin Maechler, Aleksandar S Milosevic, Claus Malten, Kevin Van Maren, Lenimar Nunes de Andrade, Hubert Partl, John Refling, Mike Ressler, Brian Ripley, Young U. Ryu, Bernd Rosenlecher, Chris Rowley, Hanspeter Schmid, Craig Schlenter, Christopher Sawtell, Geoffrey Swindale, Josef Tkadlec, Didier Verna, Fabian Wernli, Carl-Gustav Werner, David Woodhouse, Chris York, Fritz Zaucker, Rick Zaccone, and Mikhail Zotov.

5 L A TEX [1].. L A TEX TEX [2]. L A TEX 2ε. L A TEX. L A TEX [1, 3]. L A TEX PC, Mac, UNIX, VMS. L A TEX. L A TEX Local Guide [4]. L A TEX. L A TEX, L A TEX.. 1 L A TEX 2ε. L A TEX. L A TEX, L A TEX. 2. L A TEX.. 3 L A TEX., L A TEX. L A TEX.

6 vi 4, EPS,. 5 L A TEX,., L A TEX..... L A TEX Comprehensive TEX Archive Network(CTAN). ctan.org. L A TEX ftp:// ftp., ftp://ctan.tug.org ( ), ftp://ftp.dante.de ( ), ftp://ftp. tex.ac.uk ( ).. CTAN. CTAN, url CTAN: CTAN. L A TEX CTAN:/tex-archive/systems.,, ( ). L A TEX,,. Tobias Oetiker <oetiker@ee.ethz.ch> Department of Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort.

7 iii v ? TEX L A TEX ,, L A TEX L A TEX

8 viii ( ) ( ) ( ) (... ) (ligature) , Itemize, Enumerate, Description Flushleft, Flushright, Center Quote, Quotation, Verse (Verbatim ) Tabular (Phantom) (theorem),,

9 ix EPS (Fancy Headers) Verbatim L A TEX L A TEX ,, , ,

10

11 1.1 TEX System L A TEX fancyhdr

12

13 L A TEX L A TEX AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS graphicx key Index Key

14 xiv TEX

15 1 L A TEX 2ε, L A TEX. L A TEX.,. 1.1? TEX TEX Donald E. Knuth [2],. Knuth 1977,,. TEX TEX,, (virtually bug-free). TEX (π), TEX ( Ach Loch ch ). 1 (ASCII) TEX TeX L A TEX L A TEX TEX. 1..[ ]

16 2.mf METAfont copy editor... ispell emacs.tex... AMS-Package Plain LATEX 2ε.tfm TEX.log.pk.dvi... driver xdvi dvips printer screen PostScript Fonts Typesetting 1.1: TEX System ( ). L A TEX Leslie Lamport [1]. TEX (typesetting engine) L A TEX Frank Mittelbach L A TEX3. L A TEX L A TEX 2ε. L A TEX 2ε. L A TEX (Lay-Tech) (Lah-Tech). LaTeX. L A TEX 2ε (Lay-Tech Two e) LaTeX2e. 1.1 TEX L A TEX 2ε. Kees van der Laan wots.tex.

17 ,,,. ( :,,... )...,,,,. L A TEX, L A TEX. TEX. L A TEX, ( )., L A TEX. WYSIWYG 2, MS Word 3. WYSIWYG,.,. L A TEX. L A TEX ( )., ,.??,... / 2 What you see is what you get.. 3 Corel Word-Perfect[ ]

18 4.,. WYSIWYG. L A TEX. L A TEX WYSIWYG L A TEX L A TEX,..,.... L A TEX : ,,,. L A TEX. PostScript. The L A TEX Companion [3]. L A TEX. L A TEX. 4,.[ ]

19 1.3 L A TEX 5 L A TEX 2ε TEX,. TEX. L A TEX.,. ;-) L A TEX...,. 5., (Logical Markup). 1.3 L A TEX L A TEX (plain ASCII text). 6 ( )., L A TEX (whitespace characters), (blank), (tab) L A TEX.. ( : linebreak). (paragraph).... It does not matter whether you enter one or several spaces after a word. An empty line starts a new paragraph. It does not matter whether you enter one or several spaces after a word. An empty line starts a new paragraph. 5 L A TEX3. 6 ASCII. plain text. [ ]

20 L A TEX. L A TEX. # $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \, (\). \# \$ \% \^{} \& \_ \{ \} \~{} # $ % ˆ & { },,. \ (\\). ( ) L A TEX L A TEX : \... L A TEX. {}. {} L A TEX ( ). I read that Knuth divides the people working with \TeX{} into \TeX{}nicians and \TeX perts.\\ Today is \today. I read that Knuth divides the people working with TEX into TEXnicians and TEXperts. Today is (parameter). { }. (optional parameters) 7 \ $\backslash$.

21 1.4 L A TEX 7, (square bracket) [ ]. L A TEX... You can \textsl{lean} on me! You can lean on me! Please, start a new line right here!\newline Thank you! Please, start a new line right here! Thank you! L A TEX % ( )... This is an % stupid % Better: instructive <---- example: Supercal% ifragilist% icexpialidocious This is an example: Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious %. verbatim comment., (preamble) \usepackage{verbatim} comment. This is another \begin{comment} rather stupid, but helpful \end{comment} example for embedding comments in your document. This is another example for embedding comments in your document..

22 8 \documentclass{article} \begin{document} Small is beautiful. \end{document} : L A TEX L A TEX.. \documentclass{...}. ( ) L A TEX.. \usepackage{...}, 8.. \begin{document} L A TEX. \end{document}. L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX?. L A TEX GUI 8 \documentclass \begin{document} (preamble).

23 1.5 9 \documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article} % define the title \author{h.~partl} \title{minimalism} \begin{document} % generates the title \maketitle % insert the table of contents \tableofcontents \section{start} Well, and here begins my lovely article. \section{end} \ldots{} and here it ends. \end{document} 1.3:.. L A TEX GUI (front end).,. L A TEX. L A TEX. 1. L A TEX. plain. Unix. ASCII plain text..tex. 2. L A TEX..dvi. latex foo.tex 3. DVI. xdvi foo.dvi PS.

24 10 dvips -Pcmz foo.dvi -o foo.ps xdvi dvips.dvi. xdvi X11.dvi, dvips PostScript. Unix.dvi L A TEX (type). \documentclass. \documentclass[options]{class} class L A TEX 2ε. option : L A TEX, \documentclass[11pt,twoside,a4paper]{article} L A TEX article 11, A , L A TEX.,,, L A TEX 9 dvips. xdvi TEX windvi yap. [ ]

25 \usepackage[options]{package} package,, options. L A TEX 2ε. ( 1.3.). Local Guide [4]. L A TEX The L A TEX Companion [3]. L A TEX 2ε L A TEX / ( (page style).). \pagestyle{style} style : article,,,, report,, book. slides.. FoilTEX a. a CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/foiltex

26 12 1.2: 10pt, 11pt, 12pt. 10pt. a4paper, letterpaper,.... letterpaper., a5paper, b5paper, executivepaper, legalpaper.. fleqn leqno.. titlepage, notitlepage. article. report book. twocolumn L A TEX 2. twoside, oneside. article report, book.., twoside. openright, openany /. (chapter) article. report book.

27 : L A TEX doc L A TEX. doc.dtx a The L A TEX Companion [3]. exscale. ltexscale.dtx. fontenc L A TEX. ltoutenc.dtx. ifthen. if... then do... otherwise do.... ifthen.dtx The L A TEX Companion [3]. latexsym L A TEX ( ) latexsym. latexsym.dtx The L A TEX Companion [3]. makeidx (index). 4.3 The L A TEX Companion [3]. syntonly ( ). inputenc., ASCII, ISO Latin-1, ISO Latin-2, 437/850 IBM,,, ANSI-,. inputenc.dtx. a. *.dtx dvi latex doc.dtx..

28 14. \thispagestyle{style} The L A TEX Companion [3], L A TEX,.. TEX....tex L A TEX TEX. latex..sty L A TEX. \usepackage L A TEX..dtx TEX(Documented TEX). L A TEX..dtx,.dtx L A TEX..ins.dtx. L A TEX,.dtx.ins..ins L A TEX.dtx..cls. \documentclass. 1.4: L A TEX plain.. headings. (.) empty /.

29 L A TEX..dvi (device independent). L A TEX. DVI dvips..log..toc /...lof.toc..lot,..aux.,.aux..idx, L A TEX. makeindex ind.idx makeindex,..ilg makeindex L A TEX. \include{filename} filename.tex. L A TEX filename.

30 16 (preamble). \include L A TEX. \includeonly{filename,filename,... } \include.. \include. \includeonly. include. \input{filename}.. syntonly., (DVI). L A TEX. : \usepackage{syntonly} \syntaxonly, ( % ).

31 2 L A TEX 2ε ( 1 ) ( ),. ( ). ( ). L A TEX,. L A TEX ( ). L A TEX, (typography) (paragraph).,.., \\,.,..,.. 1 DAAC(Different At All Cost). UVA(Um s Verrecken Anders).

32 18... L A TEX,.., ( ). (,.) % Example 1 \ldots when Einstein introduced his formula \begin{equation} e = m \cdot c^2 \;, \end{equation} which is at the same time the most widely known and the least well understood physical formula. % Example 2 \ldots from which follows Kirchoff s current law: \begin{equation} \sum_{k=1}^{n} I_k = 0 \;. \end{equation} Kirchhoff s voltage law can be derived \ldots % Example 3 \ldots which has several advantages. \begin{equation} I_D = I_F - I_R \end{equation} is the core of a very different transistor model. \ldots ( )..

33 \ldots, \begin{equation} e = m \cdot c^2 \; \end{equation}. 2 \ldots כ כ. \begin{equation} \sum_{k=1}^{n} I_k = 0 \;. \end{equation} כ \ldots (sentence).. L A TEX. L A TEX, L A TEX..,..,,.,,.,. (stop),.,., (chapter), (section), (subsection).., \section{the Structure of Text and Language}.

34 L A TEX...,, L A TEX.. \\ or \newline. \\*. \newpage. \linebreak[n], \nolinebreak[n], \pagebreak[n], \nopagebreak[n] (,,, ). n. n 0 4. n 4, L A TEX. break new. 2 break, L A TEX ( ).,.! 2, linebreak, newline,.[ ]

35 L A TEX. L A TEX,. L A TEX ( overfull hbox ). L A TEX. 3 \sloppy L A TEX... ( underfull hbox ).,. \fussy L A TEX L A TEX., TEX. \hyphenation{word list} -..., ( ). \begin{document} babel, babel., hyphenation Hyphenation, FORTRAN Fortran, fortran. ( ). : \hyphenation{fortran Hy-phen-a-tion} \-.. 3 L A TEX (Overfull hbox),. \documentclass draft.

36 22 (, ). L A TEX. I think this is: su\-per\-cal\-% i\-frag\-i\-lis\-tic\-ex\-pi\-% al\-i\-do\-cious I think this is: supercalifragilisticexpialidocious. \mbox{text}. My phone number will change soon. It will be \mbox{ }. The parameter \mbox{\emph{filename}} should contain the name of the file. My phone number will change soon. It will be The parameter filename should contain the name of the file. \fbox \mbox,. 2.3, L A TEX. \today \TeX TEX \LaTeX L A TEX \LaTeXe L A TEX 2ε L A TEX ".,. L A TEX (grace accent) (apostrophe)..

37 Please press the x key. Please press the x key L A TEX... (minus). daughter-in-law, X-rated\\ pages \\ yes---or no? \\ $0$, $1$ and $-1$ daughter-in-law, X-rated pages yes or no? 0, 1 and ,, ( ) Web. L A TEX \~ \\ bush demo ( ) ( ), ( ) L A TEX? 6 Its $-30\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$, I will soon start to super-conduct. Its 30 C, I will soon start to super-conduct. 4.,. 102.[ ] 5 url..[ ] 6 textcomp. \textdegree \textcelsius.[ ]

38 (... ).... \ldots. Not like this... but like this:\\ New York, Tokyo, Budapest, \ldots Not like this... but like this: New York, Tokyo, Budapest, (ligature) (ligature).. : ff fi fl ffi... : ff fi fl ffi... \mbox{}.. Not shelfful\\ but shelf\mbox{}ful Not shelfful but shelfful L A TEX. o i j. \i, \j.

39 H\^otel, na\"\i ve, \ el\ eve,\\ sm\o rrebr\o d,! Se\~norita!,\\ Sch\"onbrunner Schlo\ss{} Stra\ss e Hôtel, naïve, élève, smørrebrød, Señorita!, Schönbrunner Schloß Straße 2.1: ò \ o ó \ o ô \^o õ \~o ō \=o ȯ \.o ö \"o ç \c c ŏ \u o ǒ \v o ő \H o o \c o ọ \d o ō \b o oo \t oo œ \oe Œ \OE æ \ae Æ \AE å \aa Å \AA ø \o Ø \O l \l L \L ı \i j \j!? 2.5, L A TEX Johannes Braams babel. 2. L A TEX. L A TEX,. Local Guide [4]., \documentclass babel. \usepackage[language]{babel}, language Local Guide 7,,....

40 26. Babel. L A TEX babel.,. babel., (äöü). babel, \"o "o ö.. L A TEX L A TEX 2ε, L A TEX 2ε. inputenc. \usepackage[encoding]{inputenc},.., ä PC 132, ISO-LATIN 1 Unix 228.,.. Mac Unix Windows OS/2 applemac latin1 ansinew cp850. TEX. (Computer Modern) TEX , TEX.., TEX EC. Computer Modern,.

41 EC (preamble) fontenc. \usepackage[t1]{fontenc} L A TEX. L A TEX. \usepackage[german]{babel} L A TEX,.. Chapter( ) Kapitel : "a ä "s ß " " "< "> \dq L A TEX. 1.. plain text ASCII KSX1001( ). 8 Tobias Oetiker L A TEX..

42 28, Windows Windows. 2. L A TEX. HL A TEX, hl A TEXp, Werner Lemberg CJK. HL A TEX hl A TEXp,. CJK UTF-8, / /, HL A TEX UHC (type 1) (truetype), HL A TEX CJK. cyberbit truetype CJK, ttf2tfm HL A TEX CJK. TTF L A TEX. HL A TEX,. \usepackage{hangul},,,,.,, \usepackage{hfont}.,. L A TEX HL A TEX, HL A TEX Guide., TEX ( 9 : HL A TEX : CTAN:/tex-archive/language/korean/HLaTeX/ CJK : CTAN:/tex-archive/language/korean/CJK/ hl A TEXp :

43 Truetype HL A TEX CJK. 2.6, L A TEX.. L A TEX,.. L A TEX.. (tilde) ~. \@. Mr.~Smith was happy to see her\\ cf.~fig.~5\\ I like BASIC\@. What about you? Mr. Smith was happy to see her cf. Fig. 5 I like BASIC. What about you?. \frenchspacing L A TEX.. \frenchspacing \@. 2.7,, (chapter) (section), (subsection). L A TEX.. article / :

44 30 \section{...} \subsection{...} \subsubsection{...} \paragraph{...} \subparagraph{...} report book /. \part{...} \chapter{...} article, article book (chapter).,, L A TEX. /. \part. \appendix.. 10 L A TEX /.. \tableofcontents ( L A TEX ).. L A TEX. /. *. /. \section{help} \section*{help}. /... \chapter[title for the table of contents]{a long and especially boring title, shown in the text} 10 article.

45 (title). \maketitle. \title{...}, \author{...} \date{...} \author, \and /, L A TEX 2ε book. ( ). /. \frontmatter \begin{document}. (, \chapter*{preface}) L A TEX. \mainmatter.. \appendix. (chapter). \backmatter.. 2.8,, ( ), (cross-reference). L A TEX. \label{marker}, \ref{marker}, \pageref{marker} marker. L A TEX \ref, \label,

46 32 \ref. \pageref \label. 11 /,. A reference to this subsection \label{sec:this} looks like: see section~\ref{sec:this} on page~\pageref{sec:this}. A reference to this subsection looks like: see section 22 on page \footnote{footnote text}. 12.,. 13 Footnotes\footnote{This is a footnote.} are often used by people using \LaTeX. Footnotes a are often used by people using L A TEX. a This is a footnote. [ ].. 13 (footnotemark), 14, \footnote \footnote. \footnotemark. \footnotetext. \footnotemark \footnotetext ,.., :-) (.[ ])

47 \underline{text}. 15 L A TEX. \emph{text}. \emph \emph. \emph{if you use emphasizing inside a piece of emphasized text, then \LaTeX{} uses the \emph{normal} font for emphasizing.} If you use emphasizing inside a piece of emphasized text, then L A TEX uses the normal font for emphasizing., L A TEX. \textit{you can also \emph{emphasize} text if it is set in italics,} \textsf{in a \emph{sans-serif} font,} \texttt{or in \emph{typewriter} style.} You can also emphasize text if it is set in italics, in a sans-serif font, or in typewriter style. ] 15.[

48 \begin{environment} text \end{environment} name.,. \begin{aaa}...\begin{bbb}...\end{bbb}...\end{aaa} Itemize, Enumerate, Description itemize, enumerate, description. \flushleft \begin{enumerate} \item You can mix the list environments to your taste: \begin{itemize} \item But it might start to look silly. \item[-] With a dash. \end{itemize} \item Therefore remember: \begin{description} \item[stupid] things will not become smart because they are in a list. \item[smart] things, though, can be presented beautifully in a list. \end{description} \end{enumerate} 1. You can mix the list environments to your taste: But it might start to look silly. - With a dash. 2. Therefore remember: Stupid things will not become smart because they are in a list. Smart things, though, can be presented beautifully in a list Flushleft, Flushright, Center flushleft flushright. center. \\ L A TEX.

49 \begin{flushleft} This text is\\ left-aligned. \LaTeX{} is not trying to make each line the same length. \end{flushleft} This text is left-aligned. L A TEX is not trying to make each line the same length. \begin{flushright} This text is right-\\aligned. \LaTeX{} is not trying to make each line the same length. \end{flushright} This text is rightaligned. L A TEX is not trying to make each line the same length. \begin{center} At the centre\\of the earth \end{center} At the centre of the earth Quote, Quotation, Verse quote. A typographical rule of thumb for the line length is: \begin{quote} On average, no line should be longer than 66 characters. \end{quote} This is why \LaTeX{} pages have such large borders by default and also why multicolumn print is used in newspapers. A typographical rule of thumb for the line length is: On average, no line should be longer than 66 characters. This is why L A TEX pages have such large borders by default and also why multicolumn print is used in newspapers.. quotation verse, quotation. verse ( ). \\ (verse).

50 36 I know only one English poem by heart. It is about Humpty Dumpty. \begin{flushleft} \begin{verse} Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall:\\ Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.\\ All the King s horses and all the King s men\\ Couldn t put Humpty together again. \end{verse} \end{flushleft} I know only one English poem by heart. It is about Humpty Dumpty. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall: Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the King s horses and all the King s men Couldn t put Humpty together again (Verbatim ) \begin{verbatim} \end{verbatim}, L A TEX.,. \verb+text+ +. * +. L A TEX. The \verb \ldots command \ldots \begin{verbatim} 10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD "; 20 GOTO 10 \end{verbatim} The \ldots command PRINT "HELLO WORLD "; 20 GOTO 10 \begin{verbatim*} the starred version of the verbatim environment emphasizes the spaces in the text \end{verbatim*} the starred version of the verbatim environment emphasizes the spaces in the text \verb,. \verb* like this :-) like this :-)

51 verbatim \verb Tabular tabular.. L A TEX (column). \begin{tabular}{table spec}, table spec. l (column), r. c. p{width}.. tabular, &, \\, \hline. \cline{j-i}. i j. \begin{tabular}{ r l } \hline 7C0 & hexadecimal \\ 3700 & octal \\ \cline{2-2} & binary \\ \hline \hline 1984 & decimal \\ \hline \end{tabular} 7C0 hexadecimal 3700 octal binary 1984 decimal \begin{tabular}{ p{4.7cm} } \hline Welcome to Boxy s paragraph. We sincerely hope you ll all enjoy the show.\\ \hline \end{tabular} Welcome to Boxy s paragraph. We sincerely hope you ll all enjoy (

52 38 \hline no leading space\\ \hline \end{tabular} no leading space \begin{tabular}{l} \hline leading space left and right\\ \hline \end{tabular} leading space left and right L A TEX, 16.,. (&)!, \multicolumn ( ). \begin{tabular}{c l} Pi expression & \multicolumn{2}{c}{value} \\ \hline $\pi$ & 3&1416 \\ $\pi^{\pi}$ & 36&46 \\ $(\pi^{\pi})^{\pi}$ & 80662&7 \\ \end{tabular} Pi expression Value π π π (π π ) π \begin{tabular}{ c c } \hline \multicolumn{2}{ c }{Ene} \\ \hline Mene & Muh! \\ \hline \end{tabular} Ene Mene Muh! tabular. supertabular 16 tools, dcolumn.

53 longtabular ,. L A TEX.,. L A TEX., L A TEX., L A TEX. figure table. (placement specifier). \begin{figure}[placement specifier] \begin{table}[placement specifier] L A TEX. placement specifier :... h t b p here... top.. bottom.. page..! a. a

54 40 Note: 0pt 1.05em TEX \begin{table}[!hbp] [!hbp] L A TEX (h), (b) (p), (!). [tbp]. L A TEX., (queue) 17., L A TEX.,. L A TEX ( h ).. L A TEX.., L A TEX,. L A TEX (single-location placement specifier),.,. [h]. L A TEX [h] [ht].,. \caption{caption text}, ( ). Figure( ) Table( ) L A TEX 17 (fifo first in first out ) (queue).

55 \listoffigures and \listoftables \tableofcontents,..,. \caption. \caption[short]{llllloooooonnnnnggggg} \label \ref.,.. Figure~\ref{white} is an example of Pop-Art. \begin{figure}[!hbp] \makebox[\textwidth]{\framebox[5cm]{\rule{0pt}{5cm}}} \caption{five by Five in Centimetres.} \label{white} \end{figure}, L A TEX (h) 18 (!)., (b)., L A TEX ( ). 19 L A TEX.. \clearpage \cleardoublepage L A TEX. \cleardoublepage \floatpagefraction. L A TEX 0.5, \renewcommand.[ ]

56 42 L A TEX 2ε PostScript \caption \section.. \section,. \footnote, \phantom. ( ). \protect. \protect. \protect. \section{i am considerate \protect\footnote{and protect my footnotes}}

57 3, TEX..... AMS-L A TEX L A TEX. \( \), $ $ \begin{math} \end{math}. Add $a$ squared and $b$ squared to get $c$ squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach: $c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}$ Add a squared and b squared to get c squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach: c 2 = a 2 + b 2 \TeX{} is pronounced as $\tau\epsilon\chi$.\\[6pt] 100~m$^{3}$ of water\\[6pt] This comes from my $\heartsuit$ TEX is pronounced as τɛχ. 100 m 3 of water This comes from my $ (display), \[ \] 1 CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex

58 44 \begin{displaymath} \end{displaymath}.. equation. Add $a$ squared and $b$ squared to get $c$ squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach: \begin{displaymath} c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2} \end{displaymath} And just one more line. Add a squared and b squared to get c squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach: c 2 = a 2 + b 2 And just one more line. \label \ref. \begin{equation} \label{eq:eps} \epsilon > 0 \end{equation} From (\ref{eq:eps}), we gather \ldots From (3.1), we gather... ɛ > 0 (3.1) (displaymath). $\lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6}$ n lim n k=1 1 k = π2 2 6 \begin{displaymath} \lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6} \end{displaymath} lim n n k=1 1 k 2 = π2 6., 1.., \,, \quad \qquad. 2...

59 , ( ) \textrm{...}. \begin{equation} \forall x \in \mathbf{r}: \qquad x^{2} \geq 0 \end{equation} x R : x 2 0 (3.2) \begin{equation} x^{2} \geq 0\qquad \textrm{for all }x\in\mathbf{r} \end{equation} x 2 0 for all x R (3.3) ( ). amsfonts amssymb \mathbb (blackboard bold)., \begin{displaymath} x^{2} \geq 0\qquad \textrm{for all }x\in\mathbb{r} \end{displaymath} x 2 0 for all x R 3.2. {...}. \begin{equation} a^x+y \neq a^{x+y} \end{equation} a x + y a x+y (3.4)

60 46 \alpha, \beta, \gamma,..., \Gamma, \Delta, $\lambda,\xi,\pi,\mu,\phi,\omega$ λ, ξ, π, µ, Φ, Ω ^ _. $a_{1}$ \qquad $x^{2}$ \qquad $e^{-\alpha t}$ \qquad $a^{3}_{ij}$\\ $e^{x^2} \neq {e^x}^2$ a 1 x 2 e αt a 3 ij e x2 e x2 \sqrt, n- (n th root) \sqrt[n]. L A TEX. \surd. $\sqrt{x}$ \qquad $\sqrt{ x^{2}+\sqrt{y} }$ \qquad $\sqrt[3]{2}$\\[3pt] $\surd[x^2 + y^2]$ x x2 + y [x 2 + y 2 ] 3 2 \overline, \underline. $\overline{m+n}$ m + n \overbrace, \underbrace (horizontal braces). $\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}$ a + b + + z }{{} 26 (tilde), \widetilde \widehat. (prime). \begin{displaymath} y=x^{2}\qquad y =2x\qquad y =2 \end{displaymath} y = x 2 y = 2x y = 2 2 (Alpha) A L A TEX 2ε..

61 3.3 47, \vec. \overrightarrow \overleftarrow A B. \begin{displaymath} \vec a\quad\overrightarrow{ab} \end{displaymath} a AB.. \cdot. \begin{displaymath} v = {\sigma}_1 \cdot {\sigma}_2 {\tau}_1 \cdot {\tau}_2 \end{displaymath} v = σ 1 σ 2 τ 1 τ 2, log ( ). L A TEX. \arccos \cos \csc \exp \ker \limsup \min \arcsin \cosh \deg \gcd \lg \ln \Pr \arctan \cot \det \hom \lim \log \sec \arg \coth \dim \inf \liminf \max \sin \sinh \sup \tan \tanh \[\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin x}{x}=1\] sin x lim x 0 x = 1 (modulo). a mod b \bmod, x a (mod b) \pmod. \frac{...}{...}. 1/2,. $1\frac{1}{2}$~hours \begin{displaymath} \frac{ x^{2} }{ k+1 }\qquad x^{ \frac{2}{k+1} }\qquad x^{ 1/2 } \end{displaymath} hours x 2 k + 1 x 2 k+1 x 1/2

62 48 {... \choose...} {... \atop...}.. 3 \begin{displaymath} {n \choose k}\qquad {x \atop y+2} \end{displaymath} ( ) n k x y + 2 (binary relations). \stackrel. \begin{displaymath} \int f_n(x) \stackrel{!}{=} 1 \end{displaymath} f N (x)! = 1 \int, \sum. ^ _. 4 \begin{displaymath} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \qquad \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \qquad \prod_\epsilon \end{displaymath} n i=1 π 2 0 ɛ TEX.(, [ ). ( ) ( ). \{..(. \updownarrow) \begin{displaymath} {a,b,c}\neq\{a,b,c\} \end{displaymath} a, b, c {a, b, c}, \left \right, TEX 3 amsmath. \bimon \genfrac. \genfrac,. \atop. \newcommand{\newatop}[2]{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{1}{#1}{#2}}. 4 AMS-L A TEX /.

63 \left \right,. \right.. \begin{displaymath} 1 + \left( \frac{1}{ 1-x^{2} } \right) ^3 \end{displaymath} ( ) x 2. \big, \Big, \bigg, \Bigg. 5 $\Big( (x+1) (x-1) \Big) ^{2}$\\ $\big(\big(\bigg(\bigg($\quad $\big\}\big\}\bigg\}\bigg\}$\quad $\big\ \Big\ \bigg\ \Bigg\ $ ( ) 2 (x + 1)(x 1) ( ((( } }}}. \ldots ( ), 6 \cdots. \vdots, \ddots \begin{displaymath} x_{1},\ldots,x_{n} \qquad x_{1}+\cdots+x_{n} \end{displaymath} x 1,..., x n x x n 3.4 TEX quad ( ) \,, 4 18 quad ( ) 5 \:, 18 quad ( ) \;. (\ ), \quad ( ) \qquad ( ). \quad M. \! 5. 11pt, 12pt. exscale amsmath. 6 (baseline), 102.[ ]

64 quad ) (negative space).. \newcommand{\ud}{\mathrm{d}} \begin{displaymath} \int\!\!\!\int_{d} g(x,y) \, \ud x\, \ud y \end{displaymath} instead of \begin{displaymath} \int\int_{d} g(x,y)\ud x \ud y \end{displaymath} instead of g(x, y) dx dy D g(x, y)dxdy D d. 7 AMS-L A TEX \iint, \iiint, \iiiint, \idotsint,. amsmath. \newcommand{\ud}{\mathrm{d}} \begin{displaymath} \iint_{d} \, \ud x \, \ud y \end{displaymath} D dx dy AMS-L A TEX testmath.tex The LaTeX Companion array. array tabular. \\. \begin{displaymath} \mathbf{x} = \left( \begin{array}{ccc} x_{11} & x_{12} & \ldots \\ x_{21} & x_{22} & \ldots \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots \end{array} \right) \end{displaymath} X = x 11 x x 21 x d.[ ]

65 array.,. \begin{displaymath} y = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} a & \textrm{if $d>c$}\\ b+x & \textrm{in the morning}\\ l & \textrm{all day long} \end{array} \right. \end{displaymath} a y = b + x l if d > c in the morning all day long tabular array. : \begin{displaymath} \left(\begin{array}{c c} 1 & 2 \\ \hline 3 & 4 \end{array}\right) \end{displaymath} ( ), equation eqnarray eqnarray*. eqnarray. eqnarray*. eqnarray eqnarray* {rcl} (column)... \\. \begin{eqnarray} f(x) & = & \cos x \\ f (x) & = & -\sin x \\ \int_{0}^{x} f(y)dy & = & \sin x \end{eqnarray} x 0 f(x) = cos x (3.5) f (x) = sin x (3.6) f(y)dy = sin x (3.7)., \setlength\arraycolsep{2pt}.

66 52.. {\setlength\arraycolsep{2pt} \begin{eqnarray} \sin x & = & x -\frac{x^{3}}{3!} +\frac{x^{5}}{5!}-{} \nonumber\\ & & {}-\frac{x^{7}}{7!}+{}\cdots \end{eqnarray}} sin x = x x3 3! + x5 5! x7 7! + (3.8) \begin{eqnarray} \lefteqn{ \cos x = 1 -\frac{x^{2}}{2!} +{} } \nonumber\\ & & {}+\frac{x^{4}}{4!} -\frac{x^{6}}{6!}+{}\cdots \end{eqnarray} cos x = 1 x2 2! + + x4 4! x6 6! + (3.9) \nonumber.. amsmath. (split align.) 3.6 (Phantom). L A TEX. phantom. ^ _ L A TEX. \phantom.. \begin{displaymath} {}^{12}_{\phantom{1}6}\textrm{C} \qquad \textrm{versus} \qquad {}^{12}_{6}\textrm{C} \end{displaymath} 12 6 C versus 12 6 C

67 \begin{displaymath} \Gamma_{ij}^{\phantom{ij}k} \qquad \textrm{versus} \qquad \Gamma_{ij}^{k} \end{displaymath} Γ k ij versus Γ k ij 3.7 TEX.., \textrm.. \textrm. \mathrm,. \mathrm.,. 8 \begin{equation} 2^{\textrm{nd}} \quad 2^{\mathrm{nd}} \end{equation} 2 nd 2 nd (3.10) TEX, L A TEX.,. \displaystyle (123), \textstyle (123), \scriptstyle (123) and \scriptscriptstyle (123).. \begin{displaymath} \mathop{\mathrm{corr}}(x,y)= \frac{\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^n(x_i-\overline x) (y_i-\overline y)} {\displaystyle\biggl[ \sum_{i=1}^n(x_i-\overline x)^2 \sum_{i=1}^n(y_i-\overline y)^2 \biggr]^{1/2}} \end{displaymath} n (x i x)(y i y) i=1 corr(x, Y ) = [ n n ] 1/2 (x i x) 2 (y i y) 2 i=1 i=1 8 The AMS-L A TEX \textrm.

68 54 \left[ ). \right] ( 3.8 (theorem),,..., (Lemmas), (Definitions), (Axiom). L A TEX. \newtheorem{name}[counter]{text}[section] name (theorem) ( ). text (theorem).. (theorem). counter (theorem) name.. section (section). \newtheorem TEX,. \begin{name}[text] This is my interesting theorem \end{name}. \newtheorem. % definitions for the document % preamble \newtheorem{law}{law} \newtheorem{jury}[law]{jury} %in the document \begin{law} \label{law:box} Don t hide in the witness box \end{law} \begin{jury}[the Twelve] It could be you! So beware and see law~\ref{law:box}\end{jury} \begin{law}no, No, No\end{law} Law 1 Don t hide in the witness box Jury 2 (The Twelve) It could be you! So beware and see law 1 Law 3 No, No, No

69 Jury Law. Law. ( ). \flushleft \newtheorem{mur}{murphy}[section] \begin{mur} If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, then someone will do it.\end{mur} Murphy If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, then someone will do it. Murphy (section)., (chapter) (subsection). 3.9 L A TEX ( ).. \mathbf, ( ). ( ). \boldmath,.. \begin{displaymath} \mu, M \qquad \mathbf{m} \qquad \mbox{\boldmath $\mu, M$} \end{displaymath} µ, M M µ, M ( ).. amsmath amsbsy tools bm, \boldsymbol. \begin{displaymath} \mu, M \qquad \boldsymbol{\mu}, \boldsymbol{m} \end{displaymath} µ, M µ, M

70 ( ) ( ) amssymb, AMS. AMS, CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex. 3.1: â \hat{a} ǎ \check{a} ã \tilde{a} á \acute{a} à \grave{a} ȧ \dot{a} ä \ddot{a} ă \breve{a} ā \bar{a} a \vec{a} Â \widehat{a} Ã \widetilde{a} 3.2: α \alpha θ \theta o o υ \upsilon β \beta ϑ \vartheta π \pi φ \phi γ \gamma ι \iota ϖ \varpi ϕ \varphi δ \delta κ \kappa ρ \rho χ \chi ɛ \epsilon λ \lambda ϱ \varrho ψ \psi ε \varepsilon µ \mu σ \sigma ω \omega ζ \zeta ν \nu ς \varsigma η \eta ξ \xi τ \tau 3.3: Γ \Gamma Λ \Lambda Σ \Sigma Ψ \Psi \Delta Ξ \Xi Υ \Upsilon Ω \Omega Θ \Theta Π \Pi Φ \Phi 9 David Carlisle Josef Tkadlec symbols.tex.

71 : \not. < < > > = = \leq or \le \geq or \ge \equiv. \ll \gg = \doteq \prec \succ \sim \preceq \succeq \simeq \subset \supset \approx \subseteq \supseteq = \cong \sqsubset a \sqsupset a \Join a \sqsubseteq \sqsupseteq \bowtie \in \ni, \owns \propto \vdash \dashv = \models \mid \parallel \perp \smile \frown \asymp : : / \notin \neq or \ne a latexsym. 3.5: ± \pm \mp \triangleleft \cdot \div \triangleright \times \ \setminus \star \cup \cap \ast \sqcup \sqcap \circ \vee, \lor \wedge, \land \bullet \oplus \ominus \diamond \odot \oslash \uplus \otimes \bigcirc \amalg \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \dagger \lhd a \rhd a \ddagger \unlhd a \unrhd a \wr

72 58 3.6: \sum \bigcup \bigvee \bigoplus \prod \bigcap \bigwedge \bigotimes \coprod \bigsqcup \bigodot \int \oint \biguplus 3.7: \leftarrow or \gets \longleftarrow \uparrow \rightarrow or \to \longrightarrow \downarrow \leftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \updownarrow \Leftarrow = \Longleftarrow \Uparrow \Rightarrow = \Longrightarrow \Downarrow \Leftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \Updownarrow \mapsto \longmapsto \nearrow \hookleftarrow \hookrightarrow \searrow \leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup \swarrow \leftharpoondown \rightharpoondown \nwarrow \rightleftharpoons \iff (bigger spaces) \leadsto a a latexsym. 3.8: ( ( ) ) \uparrow \Uparrow [ [ or \lbrack ] ] or \rbrack \downarrow \Downarrow { \{ or \lbrace } \} or \rbrace \updownarrow \Updownarrow \langle \rangle or \vert \ or \Vert \lfloor \rfloor \lceil \rceil / / \ \backslash. (dual. empty) 3.9: \lgroup \rgroup \lmoustache \arrowvert \Arrowvert \bracevert \rmoustache

73 :... \dots \cdots. \vdots... \ddots \hbar ı \imath j \jmath l \ell R \Re I \Im ℵ \aleph \wp \forall \exists \mho a \partial \prime \emptyset \infty \nabla \triangle \Box a \Diamond a \bot \top \angle \surd \diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \neg or \lnot \flat \natural \sharp a latexsym. 3.11:. \dag \S c \copyright \ddag \P \pounds 3.12: AMS \ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner \lvert \rvert \lvert \rvert 3.13: AMS Ϝ \digamma κ \varkappa ℶ \beth ℸ \daleth ג \gimel

74 : AMS \lessdot \gtrdot \doteqdot or \Doteq \leqslant \geqslant \risingdotseq \eqslantless \eqslantgtr \fallingdotseq \leqq \geqq \eqcirc \lll or \llless \ggg or \gggtr \circeq \lesssim \gtrsim \triangleq \lessapprox \gtrapprox \bumpeq \lessgtr \gtrless \Bumpeq \lesseqgtr \gtreqless \thicksim \lesseqqgtr \gtreqqless \thickapprox \preccurlyeq \succcurlyeq \approxeq \curlyeqprec \curlyeqsucc \backsim \precsim \succsim \backsimeq \precapprox \succapprox \vdash \subseteqq \supseteqq \Vdash \Subset \Supset \Vvdash \sqsubset \sqsupset \backepsilon \therefore \because \varpropto \shortmid \shortparallel \between \smallsmile \smallfrown \pitchfork \vartriangleleft \vartriangleright \blacktriangleleft \trianglelefteq \trianglerighteq \blacktriangleright

75 : AMS \dashleftarrow \dashrightarrow \multimap \leftleftarrows \rightrightarrows \upuparrows \leftrightarrows \rightleftarrows \downdownarrows \Lleftarrow \Rrightarrow \upharpoonleft \twoheadleftarrow \twoheadrightarrow \upharpoonright \leftarrowtail \rightarrowtail \downharpoonleft \leftrightharpoons \rightleftharpoons \downharpoonright \Lsh \Rsh \rightsquigarrow \looparrowleft \looparrowright \leftrightsquigarrow \curvearrowleft \curvearrowright \circlearrowleft \circlearrowright 3.16: AMS \nless \ngtr \varsubsetneqq \lneq \gneq \varsupsetneqq \nleq \ngeq \nsubseteqq \nleqslant \ngeqslant \nsupseteqq \lneqq \gneqq \nmid \lvertneqq \gvertneqq \nparallel \nleqq \ngeqq \nshortmid \lnsim \gnsim \nshortparallel \lnapprox \gnapprox \nsim \nprec \nsucc \ncong \npreceq \nsucceq \nvdash \precneqq \succneqq \nvdash \precnsim \succnsim \nvdash \precnapprox \succnapprox \nvdash \subsetneq \supsetneq \ntriangleleft \varsubsetneq \varsupsetneq \ntriangleright \nsubseteq \nsupseteq \ntrianglelefteq \subsetneqq \supsetneqq \ntrianglerighteq \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \nleftrightarrow

76 : AMS \dotplus \centerdot \intercal \ltimes \rtimes \divideontimes \Cup or \doublecup \Cap or \doublecap \smallsetminus \veebar \barwedge \doublebarwedge \boxplus \boxminus \circleddash \boxtimes \boxdot \circledcirc \leftthreetimes \rightthreetimes \circledast \curlyvee \curlywedge 3.18: AMS \hbar ħ \hslash k \Bbbk \square \blacksquare S \circleds \vartriangle \blacktriangle \complement \triangledown \blacktriangledown \Game \lozenge \blacklozenge \bigstar \angle \measuredangle \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \backprime \nexists Ⅎ \Finv \varnothing ð \eth \mho 3.19: ABCdef \mathrm{abcdef} ABCdef \mathit{abcdef} ABCdef \mathnormal{abcdef} ABC \mathcal{abc} A BC \mathcal{abc} mathrsfs ABC \mathcal{abc} eucal mathcal \mathscr{abc} eucal mathscr ABCdef \mathfrak{abcdef} eufrak ABC \mathbb{abc} amsfonts amssymb

77 4 L A TEX,. L A TEX L A TEX Manual [1] The L A TEX Companion [3]. 4.1 EPS L A TEX figure table,. L A TEX L A TEX.,.. The L A TEX Companion [3] L A TEX Manual [1]., 1, L A TEX. L A TEX. Encapsulated PostScript(EPS). EPS 2. D. P. Carlisle graphicx. graphics 3 (package bundle) 4. 1 XFig, CorelDraw!, Freehand, Gnuplot, PS GhostScript CTAN:/tex-archive/support/ghostscript. (Windows) GSview. 3 CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics 4 L A TEX $TEXINPUTS$/latex/required/

78 64 PostScript graphicx,. 1. EPS (preamble) graphicx. \usepackage[driver]{graphicx} driver dvi postscript. dvips. TEX driver. graphicx driver.dvi,.eps. 3. file. \includegraphics[key=value,... ]{file} key value ( ). key,,. 4.1 key.. \begin{figure} \begin{center} \includegraphics[angle=90, width=0.5\textwidth]{test} \end{center} \end{figure} (graphics, tools, amslatex, psnfss,... ) $TEXINPUTS$/latex/contrib/.. [ ] 5 EPS. Apple LaserWriter,. EPS., EPS. EPS.

79 : graphicx key width height angle scale test.eps. 90,, [8] [11]. 4.2 thebibliography. \bibitem{marker}., marker. \cite{marker}. \begin{thebibliography}. {99} 99 ( ) L A TEX. 6 6 widest-label. widest-label, \bibitem. \cite.[ ]

80 66 Partl [1] has proposed that... Partl~\cite{pa} has proposed that \ldots \begin{thebibliography}{99} \bibitem{pa} H.~Partl: \emph{german \TeX}, TUGboat Volume~9, Issue~1 (1988) \end{thebibliography} Bibliography [1] H. Partl: German TEX, TUGboat Volume 9, Issue 1 (1988) BibTEX. TEX BibTEX. BibTEX,. BibTEX ( ) (style sheets), L A TEX L A TEX makeindex 7.. The L A TEX Companion [3]. L A TEX, (preamble) makeidx \usepackage{makeidx}, \makeindex (preamble). 7 8 makeidx.

81 : Index Key \index{hello} hello, 1 \index{hello!peter} Peter, 3 hello \index{sam@\textsl{sam}} Sam, 2 \index{lin@\textbf{lin}} Lin, 7 \index{jenny textbf} Jenny, 3 \index{joe textit} Joe, 5 \index{key}, key. \index. 4.2 key. L A TEX \index, L A TEX.idx..idx makeindex. makeindex filename makeindex,.ind. L A TEX, \printindex. L A TEX 2ε showidx..

82 (Fancy Headers) Piet van Oostrum fancyhdr 8.. \documentclass{book} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \pagestyle{fancy} % with this we ensure that the chapter and section % headings are in lowercase. \renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}} \renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ #1}} \fancyhf{} % delete current setting for header and footer \fancyhead[le,ro]{\bfseries\thepage} \fancyhead[lo]{\bfseries\rightmark} \fancyhead[re]{\bfseries\leftmark} \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt} \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} \addtolength{\headheight}{0.5pt} % make space for the rule \fancypagestyle{plain}{% \fancyhead{} % get rid of headers on plain pages \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % and the line } 4.1: fancyhdr., L A TEX 2. \rightmark \leftmark. chapter section., \chapter \rightmark, \leftmark. \chaptermark, \sectionmark \subsectionmark, \rightmark \markleft.. 8 CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/fancyhdr/

83 4.6 Verbatim 69, chapter, \chaptermark (renew). fancyhdr Verbatim verbatim. verbatim. verbatim verbatim verbatim., verbatim,. verbatim,, \verbatiminput{filename}. verbatim. verbatim tools,. [9]. 4.6 L A TEX L A TEX.. CTAN( geometry, hyphenat..ins.dtx. readme.txt... (a) TEX, (b).. 1. L A TEX.ins..sty.

84 70 2..sty TEX..../localtexmf /tex/latex. ( OS/2.) 3.. L A TEX. tetex, fptex texhash web2c mktexlsr. MiKTeX initexmf -update-fndb GUI..dtx. 1..dtx L A TEX..dvi. L A TEX. 2. L A TEX.idx makeindex -s gind.ist name (name.) 4..dtx L A TEX. 5...ps.pdf..glo(glossary) makeindex -s gglo.ist -o name.gls name.glo 5.dtx L A TEX.

85 5 LATEX,.,. L A TEX,., L A TEX, L A TEX. 5.1,,. L A TEX.. \begin{lscommand} \ci{dum} \end{lscommand} \dum lscommand.. \ci,. (index) \dum \dum.

86 72 L A TEX lscommand.,, \newcommand{name}[num]{definition}. name, definition. num, 9. 0.,.. \tnss. The Not So Short Introduction to L A TEX 2ε.. \newcommand{\tnss}{the not so Short Introduction to \LaTeXe} This is \tnss \ldots{} \tnss This is The not so Short Introduction to L A TEX 2ε... The not so Short Introduction to L A TEX 2ε num. #1., #2. \newcommand{\txsit}[1] {This is the \emph{#1} Short Introduction to \LaTeXe} % in the document body: \begin{itemize} \item \txsit{not so} \item \txsit{very} \end{itemize} This is the not so Short Introduction to L A TEX 2ε This is the very Short Introduction to L A TEX 2ε, L A TEX. \renewcommand

87 5.1,, 73. \renewcommand \newcommand., \providecommand. \newcommand, L A TEX 2ε. L A TEX \newcommand, \newenvironment.. \newenvironment{name}[num]{before}{after} \newcommand, newenvironment num. before. after \end{name}. \newenvironment. \newenvironment{king} {\rule{1ex}{1ex}% \hspace{\stretch{1}}} {\hspace{\stretch{1}}% \rule{1ex}{1ex}} My humble subjects... \begin{king} My humble subjects \ldots \end{king} num \newcommand. L A TEX,, \renewenvironment. \newenvironment. \rule 86, \stretch 79. \hspace ,., L A TEX

88 74 L A TEX., \usepackage. % Demo Package by Tobias Oetiker \ProvidesPackage{demopack} \newcommand{\tnss}{the not so Short Introduction to \LaTeXe} \newcommand{\txsit}[1]{the \emph{#1} Short Introduction to \LaTeXe} \newenvironment{king}{\begin{quote}}{\end{quote}} 5.1:..sty., \ProvidesPackage{package name}. \ProvidesPackage L A TEX, L A TEX ( /,... )., {\small The small and \textbf{bold} Romans ruled} {\Large all of great big \textit{italy}.} The small and bold Romans ruled all of great big Italy. L A TEX 2ε., ( )/ ( ).

89 5.2 75, ({).. L A TEX. He likes {\LARGE large and {\small small} letters}. He likes large and small letters.. (\par \\). }. \par 1. 1 \par. 5.1: \textrm{...} roman \textsf{...} sans serif \texttt{...} typewriter \textmd{...} medium \textbf{...} bold face \textup{...} upright \textit{...} italic \textsl{...} slanted \textsc{...} small caps \emph{...} emphasized \textnormal{...} document font 5.2: \tiny \scriptsize \footnotesize \small \normalsize \large tiny font very small font quite small font small font normal font large font \Large \LARGE \huge \Huge larger font very large font huge largest

90 76 L A TEX 5.3: size 10pt (default) 11pt option 12pt option \tiny 5pt 6pt 6pt \scriptsize 7pt 8pt 8pt \footnotesize 8pt 9pt 10pt \small 9pt 10pt 11pt \normalsize 10pt 11pt 12pt \large 12pt 12pt 14pt \Large 14pt 14pt 17pt \LARGE 17pt 17pt 20pt \huge 20pt 20pt 25pt \Huge 25pt 25pt 25pt 5.4: Command Example Output \mathcal{...} $\mathcal{b}=c$ B = c \mathrm{...} $\mathrm{k}_2$ K 2 \mathbf{...} $\sum x=\mathbf{v}$ x = v \mathsf{...} $\mathsf{g\times R}$ G R \mathtt{...} $\mathtt{l}(b,c)$ L(b, c) \mathnormal{...} $\mathnormal{r_{19}}\neq R_{19}$ R 19 R 19 \mathit{...} $\mathit{ffi}\neq ffi$ ffi ffi

91 {\Large Don t read this! It is not true. You can believe me!\par} Don t read this! It is not true. You can believe me! {\Large This is not true either. But remember I am a liar.}\par This is not true either. But remember I am a liar.,, (environment). \begin{large} This is not true. But then again, what is these days \ldots \end{large} This is not true. But then again, what is these days ,,. L A TEX. L A TEX. \newcommand. \newcommand{\oops}[1]{\textbf{#1}} Do not \oops{enter} this room, it s occupied by a \oops{machine} of unknown origin and purpose. Do not enter this room, it s occupied by a machine of unknown origin and purpose.. ( ), \textbf. \textbf ( ). \oops.

92 78 L A TEX Remember! The MO RE fonts you use more readable and beautiful it becomes. in a document, the ,. \linespread{factor}. \linespread{1.3}, ( double space) \linespread{1.6}. factor L A TEX ( ).. \setlength{\parindent}{0pt} \setlength{\parskip}{1ex plus 0.5ex minus 0.2ex}. 0. plus minus TEX.. 3., 2. (....) 3. (\parindent=1em) LaTeX.[ ]

93 \tableofcontents.,.. 4 \indent \parindent 0.. \noindent \section L A TEX. ( ). \hspace{length} \hspace ( ) \hspace*. length, 5.5. This\hspace{1.5cm}is a space of 1.5 cm. This is a space of 1.5 cm.. \stretch{n} \hspace{\stretch{n}} stretch n. x\hspace{\stretch{1}} x\hspace{\stretch{3}}x x x x 4 ( ) indentfirst. tools.

94 80 L A TEX 5.5: TEX mm cm in pt em ex millimetre 1/25 inch centimetre = 10 mm inch = 25.4 mm point 1/72 inch 1 3 mm M x (paragraph), (section), (subsection) L A TEX.. \vspace{length}. \vspace \vspace*. \stretch \pagebreak. Some text \ldots \vspace{\stretch{1}} This goes onto the last line of the page.\pagebreak \\[length]. \bigskip \smallskip. 5.4 L A TEX \documentclass.

95 Header Margin Notes Body Footer 1 one inch + \hoffset 2 one inch + \voffset 3 \evensidemargin = 70pt 4 \topmargin = 22pt 5 \headheight = 13pt 6 \headsep = 19pt 7 \textheight = 595pt 8 \textwidth = 360pt 9 \marginparsep = 7pt 10 \marginparwidth = 106pt 11 \footskip = 27pt \marginparpush = 5pt (not shown) \hoffset = 0pt \voffset = 0pt \paperwidth = 597pt \paperheight = 845pt 5.2:

96 82 L A TEX.., tools layout. 5!..... L A TEX,. MS, L A TEX. 6.? 66 ( ). L A TEX ,,.,... L A TEX... \setlength{parameter}{length}. \addtolength{parameter}{length} \setlength., 1. \addtolength{\hoffset}{-0.5cm} \addtolength{\textwidth}{1cm} calc. \setlength.. 5 CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/tools 6.

97 5.6, , L A TEX. ( ). \textwidth. 3 (text),, command. 7 \settoheight{command}{text} \settodepth{command}{text} \settowidth{command}{text}. \flushleft \newenvironment{vardesc}[1]{% \settowidth{\parindent}{#1:\ } \makebox[0pt][r]{#1:\ }}{} \begin{displaymath} a^2+b^2=c^2 \end{displaymath} \begin{vardesc}{where}$a$, $b$ -- are adjunct to the right angle of a right-angled triangle. $c$ -- is the hypotenuse of the triangle and feels lonely. a 2 + b 2 = c 2 Where: a, b are adjunct to the right angle of a right-angled triangle. c is the hypotenuse of the triangle and feels lonely. d finally does not show up here at all. Isn t that puzzling? $d$ -- finally does not show up here at all. Isn t that puzzling? \end{vardesc} 5.6 L A TEX.,.. 7,, 102.[ ]

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