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1 대한안과학회지 2008 년제 49 권제 10 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2008;49(10): DOI : /jkos 안구건조증환자에서사이클로스포린 0.05% 점안액의임상효과 변용수 전은정 정성근 가톨릭대학교의과대학안과및시과학교실 목적 : 안구건조증환자에서레스타시스 R (Cyclosporine 0.05%, Allergan Inc., U.S.A.) 를사용하고눈물분비량의변화와안구건조증증상을알아보았다. 대상과방법 : 안구건조증을진단받은 39명을대상으로 3개월간레스타시스 R 를점안하고 1개월마다 1형및 2형쉬르머검사와눈물막파괴시간을측정하였고, 안구건조증의증상을따가움, 가려움, 이물감, 시야흐림, 광과민증으로나누어 0~5점까지점수화하여분석하였다. 결과 : 대상자 39명중 26명 (52안) 의 1형및 2형쉬르머검사와눈물막파괴시간이치료전 10±7.23 mm, 7.0±4.88 mm, 6.30±2.31초이었던것이 3개월후 12.67±7.11 mm, 9.48±5.30 mm, 7.29±1.95초로모두의미있게증가하였다 (P는각각 0.012, 0.009, 0.001). 안구건조증의증상은이물감만이유의하게개선된것으로나타났다 (P는 0.010). 결론 : 3개월간의레스타시스 R 사용후눈물분비량이증가하고, 특히전신질환과동반된안구건조증에서더큰효과가나타났다. < 대한안과학회지 2008;49(10): > 안구건조증은눈물생성이부족하거나눈물막이정상보다빠르게소멸되어눈물막이불안정하게되고이에따라이물감이나따가움등여러가지증상이발생하는증후군이다. 이러한안구건조증의개념에따라안구건조증에대한치료는인공눈물점안액을보충해주거나눈물길을일시적혹은영구적으로막아주는등의보존적인방법으로일정량이상의눈물을유지시켜주는데초점을두었다. 1 하지만최근들어안구건조증이눈물막의불안정이라는전통적인개념에서염증성질환으로새로이인식되면서안구건조증에대한항염증치료가활발히시도되었고, 심한건성안환자의증상호전에그효과가보고되고있다. 2-5 안구건조증에서 T- 임파구가증가되어있고, 사이토카인을비롯한여러가지염증매개물질이 < 접수일 : 2007 년 5 월 2 일, 심사통과일 : 2008 년 8 월 28 일 > 통신저자 : 정성근서울시영등포구여의도동 62 가톨릭대학교성모병원안과 Tel: , Fax: eyedoc@catholic.ac.kr * 본논문의요지는 2007 년대한안과학회제 97 회춘계학술대회에서포스터로발표되었음. 높은농도로검출되는등안구표면의염증변화소견이증명되면서, 6-12 안구표면의염증억제가안구건조증치료의관심사로되었고, 그러한약물중하나가사이클로스포린 0.05% 점안액이다. 사이클로스포린은결막조직내 T- 임파구의수를감소시키고, 사이토카인생성을억제함으로써안구표면과눈물샘의염증반응을조절하고, 결막배상세포의수를증가시켜인공눈물의생성을촉진한다고알려져있다 본연구는안구건조증환자에서사이클로스포린 0.05% 점안액의임상효과를알아보기위해레스타시스 (Restasis, cyclosporine 0.05%, Allergan Inc., U.S.A.) 를사용하여쉬르머검사, 눈물막파괴시간등의임상지표와안구건조증증상의변화를조사하였다. 또한전신질환의유무에따른사이클로스포린점안액의효과차이를비교하였다. 대상과방법 본연구는최소 3 년간안구건조증으로치료중으로쉬르머검사 5 분간 10 mm 이하혹은눈물막파괴시간 10 초이하의결과를보이거나안구건조증의증상을심하게호소하는환자를대상으로 3 개월간레스타시스 를점안하게하였다. 스테로이드점안제나비스테로이드성항염증점안제등안구건조증에대한항염증요법 1583
2 변용수외 : 사이클로스포린점안액의임상효과 Table 1. Characteristics of study group at screening Total number of group Average of age (years) n= ±14.19 Gender Male:14 Female:25 History of ocular surgery Systemic disease * No. of patients using other artificial tear drops * bone marrow transplanted patient=8; Steven-Johnson syndrome=4; Systemic lupus erythematus=2; Sjögrene syndrome=1. Table 2. Schirmer test and tear breakup time during 3 months (n=52, Mann-Whitney test) First visit After 1 month After 2 months After 3 months Schirmer Test 1 (mm) Schirmer Test 2 (mm) BUT* (sec) Average Average Average 10.00± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± * Tear breakup time. 으로치료중인경우, 전신스테로이드, 면역억제제를복용하는경우, 안구건조증이외의각결막염증질환이있는경우는대상에서제외하였다. 연구의대상이된 39 명 78 안에대해레스타시스 하루 2 회점안하였고, 첫방문이후매월 3 개월동안관찰하였으며, 매번기초눈물분비량을나타내는 1 형쉬르머검사와반사눈물분비량을포함하는 2 형쉬르머검사와눈물막파괴시간을조사하였다. 또한면역질환이나항암치료등전신질환의유무에따라쉬르머검사결과를비교하였다. 전신질환동반여부에따라쉬르머검사결과가 5 mm 이상증가한비율을비교하였는데이는통계분석을신뢰하기에는각군의수가너무적고, 쉬르머검사의재현성이떨어져서 1 mm 단위의결과기록에오차가생길여지가많은점을고려한것이다. 안구건조증의주관적증상에대한설문조사를통해따가움 (Irritation), 가려움 (Itching), 이물감 (Foreign body sensation), 시야흐림 (Blurred vision), 광과민증 (Photopho bia) 으로증상을구분하고증상의경중을 0~5 점까지점수화하여치료전후의증상변화를조사하였다. 통계비교는 Mann-Whitney test 로계산하였으며, 유의수준은 0.05 이하로하였다. 결 과 3 개월간중단없이레스타시스 를사용하고매달쉬르머검사와눈물막파괴시간을모두조사한환자는전체 대상자 39 명중 26 명 (66.6%) 이었으며 13 명 (33.3%) 은도중에레스타시스 치료를중단하였다. 13 명 (33.3%) 중 9 명은점안후따가움때문에, 1 명은이물감을이유로사용을중단하였으며, 3 명은초진이후외래를방문하지않았다. 26 명의 52 안에대한 3 개월간의경과관찰후, 1 형쉬르머검사는레스타시스 사용전평균 10.00±7.23 mm 이었던것이사용후 1 개월, 2 개월, 3 개월째각각 10.35±5.44 mm, 10.44±6.12 mm, 12.67±7.11 mm 로증가하였고, 2 형쉬르머검사결과는사용전평균 7.00±4.88 mm 이었던것이사용후 1 개월, 2 개월, 3 개월째각각 8.60±4.68 mm, 8.10±4.55 mm, 9.48±5.30 mm 로증가하였으며, 눈물막파괴시간은레스타시스 치료이전평균 6.30±2.31 초였던것과비교하여치료후 1 개월, 2 개월, 3 개월째각각 6.75± 2.12 초, 6.83± 1.98 초, 7.29±1.95 초로증가하여레스타시스 사용 3 개월후 1 형및 2 형쉬르머검사와눈물막파괴시간모두통계적으로유의하게개선되었다 (P=0.012, 0.009, 0.001)(Table 2). 3 개월후 1 형및 2 형쉬르머검사와눈물막파괴시간의변화량의평균은각각 mm, mm, 초였다 (Fig. 1). 환자가호소하던증상의변화에대한설문조사에참여한 14 명의치료전과 3 개월후의증상점수를비교한결과광과민증을제외한따가움, 가려움, 이물감, 시야흐림이호전되는양상을보였지만, 이들중이물감만이통계적으로유의한것으로나타났다 (P=0.010)(Table 3). 1584
3 대한안과학회지 2008 년제 49 권제 10 호 Schirmer I (mm) Schirmer II (mm) BUT (sec) 개월간추적관찰이이루어졌던 26 명중 21 명 (80.8%) 이추가적으로다른인공눈물점안액을병용하였으며, 그중 11 명이리프레쉬플러스 점안액 (Re fresh plus 0.5%, Allergan), 8 명이라큐아 점안액 (Lacure, 0.1% sodium hyaluronate, 삼일제약 ), 2 명이옵타젠트 점안액 (Optagent, polyvinyl pyrrolidone 2%, 삼일제약 ) 을사용하였다. 1 month 2 months 3 months 고 찰 Figure 1. Schirmer test and tear breakup time changes (Δ) from baseline measured at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, respectively (n=52). 26 명중전신질환과동반된안구건조증환자는 11 명 (38.5%) 이었으며, 혈액질환이 7 명, 스티븐존슨증후군이 2 명, 전신성홍반낭창이 1 명, 쇼그렌증후군이 1 명이었다. 치료전후쉬르머검사및눈물막파괴시간의증가량은전신질환과동반된안구건조증환자와전신질환이없는안구건조증환자군사이에유의한차이는없었다. 그러나치료후쉬르머검사결과가 5 mm 이상증가한환자의비율에대한조사에서, 3 개월째 1 형쉬르머검사에서 5 mm 이상의증가를보인환자의비율은전신질환을동반된환자의 22 안중 11 안 (50.0%) 으로, 전신질환이없는안구건조증환자 30 안중 8 안 (26.7%) 보다더높았고, 2 형쉬르머검사에서도전신질환을동반된환자의 22 안중 12 안 (54.5%) 이치료후 5 mm 이상의증가를보여전신질환이없는안구건조증환자 30 안중 5 안 (16.7%) 보다더높은비율을나타냈다 (Fig. 2). 레스타시스 는상업용으로고안된최초의눈물분비촉진제로안구표면및눈물분비기관의만성적인염증반응에의해유발된안구건조증을대상으로사용되고있다. 자가면역질환이나전신적인항암제사용등여러가지전신질환에서동반되는안구건조증은조직학적으로눈물분비기관의염증소견을보이며, 이는주로 T- 임파구에의해매개된다. 10,11,18-22 염증반응에서활성화된 T- 임파구는더많은 T- 임파구를유도하고, IL-1, TNF-α 같은각종사이토카인과신경전달물질을분비하여안구표면조직과눈물샘을직접적으로손상시킴으로눈물의생성을방해한다. 6-8,11,12 사이클로스포린은이러한면역반응및염증반응에서주로 T- 임파구를억제시킴으로써전신적인면역억제제로사용되고있는데, 0.05% 의사이클로스포린을주성분으로하는레스타시스 는정확한기전이밝혀져있진않지만, 안구건조증을유발하는안구표면결막배상세포나눈물분비기관조직의염증반응을억제하여눈물생성을촉진시키는것으로생각된다. 실제로 Kunert et al 12 은 6 개월간의레스타시스 사용후결막조직검사에서 T- 임파구의수가줄어들고, IL-6 등의사이토카인및면역세포표지 Table 3. Symptom score of dry eye syndrome during 3 months (number of patient participating in Questionnaire=14, Mann-Whitney test) Symptom Score* First visit After 1 month After 2 months After 3 months Irritation Itching Foreign body sensation Blurred vision Photophobia * Score 0: no symptom; score 5; the most severe symptom so far. 1585
4 변용수외 : 사이클로스포린점안액의임상효과 a. Type I Schirmer Test 50.0% 27.1% < 5 mm > 5 mm With systemic disease (n=22) Without systemic disease (n=30) b. Type II Schirmer Test 14.7% 54.5% < 5 mm > 5 mm With systemic disease (n=22) Without systemic disease (n=30) Figure 2. Comparison of increase amount in Schirmer Test with or, without systemic disease (n : number of eyes). 자가감소하였으며, 배상세포의밀도가증가한소견을확인하였고, 이러한조직학적인변화와함께쉬르머검사에의한눈물분비역시레스타시스 사용군에서증가량이크다는결과를보고하였다. 13,14 이번연구에서안구건조증환자에서 3 개월간의레스타시스 치료후 1 형및 2 형쉬르머검사, 눈물막파괴시간검사에서치료전보다유의하게호전된결과를확인할수있었다. 하지만 3 개월로관찰기간이짧았고, 결막조직검사및면역염색검사등을통해눈물분비량의증가와관련한조직학적인변화및염증매개물질의정량적분석이시행되지못한점에서역시한계가있었다. 3 개월후안구건조증의증상비교에서는이물감이유의하게개선되었으나기타증상의유의한결과는확인할수없었는데, 이는조사대상이적었다는것이외에도환자가증상을따가움, 가려움, 이물감, 시야흐림, 광과민증으로정확히구분하는데어려움이있었고, 레 스타시스 점안으로발생한부작용과안구건조증에의한증상이혼돈할수있기때문으로생각된다. 전신질환동반여부와관련하여레스타시스 가눈물분비기관의염증을억제하여눈물생성을증가시키는기전을가지기때문에전신질환이없는안구건조증에비해자가면역질환이나항암치료환자등에동반된안구건조증에서효과가클것으로기대하였다. 실제로쇼그렌증후군이나골수이식등면역저하환자에서발생한안구건조증은조직학적으로결막배상세포의감소, 결막및각막의상피화와화생, T- 임파구를비롯한염증세포의증가, 눈물샘의염증및섬유화가상대적으로심하다는것은여러연구를통해밝혀진바있다. 9,18,20-22 이번연구에서레스타시스 사용후 3 개월째 1 형과 2 형쉬르머검사에서 5 mm 이상의증가를보인비율이전신질환이동반된안구건조증환자에서각각 50.0%, 54.5% 로전신질환이없는안구건조증환 1586
5 대한안과학회지 2008 년제 49 권제 10 호 자의 26.7%, 16.7% 보다높았는데, 전신적인염증, 면역반응에합병된안구건조증에서효과가큰것으로추측할수있다. 대상자 39 명중 3 개월이전에레스타시스 사용을중단한경우는모두 13 명 (33.3%) 이었고점안에의한부작용으로중단한경우가 10 명으로그중 5 명 (50%) 이인공눈물점안액을병용하였는데, 이는 3 개월간레스타시스 를사용한 26 명중 21 명 (80.8%) 이인공눈물점안액을병행사용한것에비해그비율이훨씬낮았다. 저자는보조적인인공눈물점안액을병용하면레스타시스 를단독으로사용하는경우보다레스타시스 의항염증작용에의한치료효과가나타날때까지공백없이안구건조증의조절이가능하고, 레스타시스 점안후발생하는자극증상을보완해주기때문에환자순응도가높았던것이라고예상한다. 이는레스타시스 에대한높은순응도가눈물생성증가효과의빠른발현과관련이있다는 Trattler et al 23 의연구결과와점안에의한부작용을줄이는것이순응도를개선시키는방법의하나라는 Zimmerman and Zalta 24 의보고를통해서도추론해볼수있다. 하지만보조적인인공눈물점안액와레스타시스 순응도의관련성은더조사되어야할부분으로생각된다. 이번연구를통해만성적인안구건조증환자에서레스타시스 가눈물분비량을증가시키고주관적인증상을개선시키는효과를확인할수있었고, 특히전신질환과연관된염증성안구건조증에서상대적으로효과가크다는것을예상할수있었다. 하지만조사대상이많지않고전체치료기간이 3 개월로써길지않아레스타시스 의임상성적을나타내기에는한계가있고, 안구표면및눈물샘의염증정도등에대한조직학적인소견및염증매개물질의정량적분석이동반되지않았다. 앞으로조사대상을늘이고장기간에걸쳐각종검사와증상변화에대한정기적인경과관찰을통해안구건조증에서레스타시스 의장기적인임상성적을보고할수있기를기대한다. 참고문헌 1) Pflugfelder SC, Tseng SC, Sanabria O, et al. Evaluation of subjective assessments and objective diagnostic tests for diagnosing tear-film disorders known to cause ocular irritation. Cornea 1998;17: ) Darsun D, Kim MC, Solomon A, Pflugfelder SC. Treatment of recalcitrant recurrent corneal epithelial erosions with inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases-9, doxycycline and corticosteroids. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;132: ) Marsh P, Pflugfelder SC. Topical nonpreserved methylpredni solone-plus therapy of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjogren's syndrome. Ophthalmology 1999;106: ) Gündüz K, Ozdemir O. Topical cyclosporin treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in secondary Sjogren's syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol 1994;72: ) Tsubota K, Goto E, Fujita H, et al. Treatment of dry eye by autologous serum application in Sjogren's syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83: ) Pflugfelder SC, Solomon A, Stern ME. The diagnosis and management of dry eye: a twenty-five-year review. Cornea 2000;19: ) Stern ME, Beuerman RW, Fox RI, et al. The pathology of dry eye: the interaction between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands. Cornea 1998;17: ) Stern ME, Gao J, Siemasko KF, et al. The role of the lacrimal functional unit in the pathophysiology of dry eye. Exp Eye Res 2004;78: ) Smith VA, Rishmawi H, Hussein H, Easty DL. Tear film MMP accumulation and corneal disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85: ) Solomon A, Dursun D, Liu Z, et al. Pro- and anti-inflammatory forms of interleukin-1 in the tear fluid and conjunctiva of patients with dry-eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001;42: ) Argüeso P, Balaram M, Spurr-Michaud S, et al. Decreased levels of the goblet cell mucin MUC5AC in tears of patients with Sjögren syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43: ) Kunert KS, Tisdale AS, Gipson IK. Goblet cell numbers and epithelial proliferation in the conjunctiva of patients with dry eye syndrome treated with cyclosporine. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120: ) Sall K, Stevenson OD, Mundorf TK, Reis BL. Two multicenter, randomized studies of the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion in moderate to severe dry eye disease. Ophthalmology 2000;107: ) Stevenson D, Tauber J, Reis BL. Efficacy and safety of cyclosporine A ophthalmic emulsion in the treatment of moderate-to-severe dry eye disease: a dose-ranging, randomized trial. Cyclosporine A Phase 2 Study Group. Ophthalmology 2000;107: ) Brignole F, Pisella PJ, De Saint Jean M, et al. Flow cytometric analysis of inflammatory markers in KCS: 6-month treatment with topical cyclosporine A. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001;42; ) Kunert KS, Tisdale AS, Stern ME, et al. Analysis of topical cyclosporine treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome: effect on conjunctival lymphocytes. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118: ) Turner K, Pflugfelder SC, Ji Z, et al. Interleukin-6 levels in the conjunctival epithelium of patients with dry eye disease treated with cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion. Cornea 2000;19:
6 변용수외 : 사이클로스포린점안액의임상효과 18) Pflugfelder SC, Jones D, Ji Z, et al. Altered cytokine balance in the tear fluid and conjunctiva of patients with Sjogren s syndrome keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Curr Eye Res 1999;19: ) Stern ME, Gao J, Schwalb TA, et al. Conjunctival T-cell subpopulations in Sjogren s and non Sjogren s patients with dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43: ) Fei WL, Chen JQ, Du X, et al. Dry eye in graft-versus-host disease. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2003;39: ) Ogawa Y, Kuwana M. Dry eye as a major complication associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cornea 2003;22:S ) Ogawa Y, Okamoto S, Wakui M, et al. Dry eye after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83: ) Trattler W, Katsev D, Kerney D. Self-Reported Compliance with Topical Cyclosporine Emulsion 0.05 % and Onset of the Effects of Increased Tear Production as Assessed Through Patient Surveys. Clin Ther 2006;28: ) Zimmerman TJ, Zalta AH. Facilitating patient compliance in glaucoma therapy. Surv Ophthalmol 1983;28:S =ABSTRACT= Clinical Effect of Cyclosporine 0.05% Eye Drops in Dry Eye Syndrome Patients Yong Soo Byun, M.D., Eun Jeong Jeon, M.D., Ph.D., Sung Kun Chung, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, St. Mary s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Purpose: We conducted a study to evaluate the change of tear secretion and symptoms in the patients with dry eye syndrome after using Restasis (Cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion, Allergan Inc., U.S.A.). Methods: We randomly selected 39 patients from newly or previously diagnosed dry eye syndrome patients and administered Restasis to them. We checked their clinical parameters and symptoms over a period of 3 months. The clinical parameters evaluated were type I and type II Schirmer tests and tear break-up time, and the symptoms of dry eye syndrome were classified into pain, itching, foreign body sensation, blurred vision, and photophobia using a scoring scale for symptoms of 0 to 5. The results were analyzed with a Mann-Whitney test (P-values <0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results: For 26 of 39 patients (52 eyes) on whom all tests were carried out for 3 months, there was a significant improvement after 3 months in the type I Schirmer test, type II Schirmer test, and tear break-up time (P=0.012, 0.009, 0.001, respectively). Only 14 patients completed the questionnaire for scoring of symptoms. After using Restasis, foreign body sensation only improved (P=0.010). Conclusions: In our study, tear secretion was increased by Restasis, and a greater increase in tear secretion was seen in patients with systemic disease than in patients without systemic disease. Additional patients need to be evaluated and longer-term studies need to be performed to confirm our results. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2008;49(10): Key Words: Cyclosporine, Dry eye syndrome, Restasis Address reprint requests to Sung Kun Chung, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Ophthalmology, St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea #62 Yeouido-dong, Youngdungpo-gu, Seoul , Korea Tel: , Fax: , eyedoc@catholic.ac.kr 1588
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