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1 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 10 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(10): pissn: eissn: DOI : /jkos = 증례보고 = 건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증에서 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용후눈물막과안구표면의변화 최원 1 박영걸 1 조재갑 2 윤경철 1 전남대학교의과대학안과학교실 1, 서남대학교의과대학안과학교실 2 목적 : 건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증환자에서 0.1% 히알루론산나트륨과 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액병합사용후눈물막과안구표면의변화에대하여알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 : 0.1% 히알루론산나트륨만사용한 18 명 36 안을 1 군, 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을동시에사용한 18 명 36 안을 2 군으로나누어사용전과사용후 1, 3, 6 개월에각각눈물막파괴시간, 기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율, 각막상피병증과각막감각을측정하고, 점안액사용전과사용후 3 개월째인상세포검사및눈물내 CXCL (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand) 11 농도를측정하여비교하였다. 결과 : 1 군에서는눈물막파괴시간, 기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율, 각상피병증과각막감각이 6 개월째호전되었으며 (p<0.05), 2 군에서는 3 개월째호전되었다 (p<0.05). 편평상피화생, 술잔세포밀도와 CXCL11 농도는 1 군에서는 3 개월째차이가없었으나, 2 군에서는 3 개월째호전되었다 (p<0.05). 결론 : 건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증환자에서 0.1% 히알루론산나트륨과 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 의점안액의병합사용은눈물막과안구표면지표의빠른호전을보이므로효과적이라고생각된다. < 대한안과학회지 2010;51(10): > 갑상샘안병증은눈주위의조직에영향을주는자가면역성염증성질환으로, 여러사이토카인들과체액성및세포성면역반응에의해외안근을포함한안와주변조직의섬유아세포의항원항체반응이증가한다고알려져있다. 1 그결과안와조직의섬유화와부종이유발되며, 안와, 안검, 외안근을침범하여심각한합병증을일으키기도한다. 다양한임상양상을보이는것이특징인데, 눈꺼풀과안와조직에염증성변화를일으켜눈에불편감을주고눈꺼풀위치이상, 안구돌출등으로인하여외모상에도변화를초래할뿐만아니라외안근이나각막, 시신경에영향을주어시기능에심각한이상까지도초래할수있으며약 30% 에서는건성안을동반한다. 2 갑상샘안병증에서의건성안은자가면역반응으로활성화된 T 림프구가안구표면과주눈물샘에침윤하여전염증성사이토카인을다량분비하고, 이러한염증반응은만성적인경과를거치며눈물샘이나안구표면의상피세포들에손상을주어발생한다고알려져있다. 3-5 접수일 : 2009 년 7 월 24 일 심사통과일 : 2010 년 6 월 25 일 책임저자 : 윤경철광주광역시동구학동 8 번지전남대학교병원안과 Tel: , Fax: kcyoon@chonnam.ac.kr * 본논문의요지는 2009 년대한안과학회제 102 회추계학술대회에서포스터로발표되었음. 사이클로스포린은면역반응에의해활성화된 T 림프구를억제하고결막의전염증성사이토카인을하향조절한다 또한사이클로스포린의점안으로결막내의술잔세포가증가하고상피세포의증식이억제된다. 건성안환자에서사이클로스포린점안액을사용하는경우기본눈물분비가증가하고각결막상피병증이호전되며결막술잔세포의밀도및 transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 의생산이증가되고, 시력개선, 자극감감소, 인공누액사용횟수감소등의주관적인증상에효과가있음이보고되었다 지금까지일반건성안환자에서 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 의효과에대한연구는많이시행되어왔으나, 건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증환자에서는 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액의효과에대한연구는매우부족한실정이다 따라서본연구에서는갑상샘안병증이있는환자들에서흔히동반되는건성안의치료에서 0.1% sodium hyaluronate와면역억제효과를갖는 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을사용한후눈물막과안구표면의변화에대한관찰을통해그효과를알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 2007년 4월부터 2009년 5월까지본원에서갑상샘안병증이있으면서건성안이동반된환자중최소 6개월이상추적
2 - 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 10 호 - 관찰이가능하였던 38명 76안을 0.1% sodium hyaluronate 만사용한 1군 (18명, 36안 ), 0.1% sodium hyaluronate와 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을동시에사용한 2군 (20 명, 40안 ) 으로무작위로나누어전향적조사를실시하였다. 모든환자에서개개인의동의를얻었으며본원임상시험윤리위원회 (institutional review board, IRB) 의승인을받았다. 본연구에서는 2군에서 2명의환자가불편감을호소하여 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용을중지하였으며이경우는대상에서제외하였다. 총 36명의환자중남자는 10명 (27.8%), 여자는 26명 (72.2%) 이었으며평균나이는 45.9 ± 11.8세였다. 1군 (18명, 36안 ) 의평균나이는 44.8 ± 11.9세였고남자는 4명 (22.2%), 여자는 14명 (77.8%) 였으며, 2군의평균나이는 47.0 ±12.0 세였으며남자는 6명 (33.3%), 여자는 12명 (66.7%) 으로이두군간나이와성별은통계적으로유의하지않았다. 1군과 2군에서갑상샘기능항진증은각각 13명 (72.2%), 14명 (77.8%), 갑상샘기능이정상은 2 명 (11.1%), 1명 (5.5%), 갑상샘기능저하증은두군모두에서 3명 (16.7%) 으로두군간갑상샘기능은차이가없었으며, 안구돌출계값은 1군에서 ± 2.95 mm, 2군에서 ± 3.55 mm로두군간차이가없었다. 갑상샘안병증의진단은안와주위연부조직의부종, 안구돌출, 안구운동의장애및각막병증이있으면서전산화단층촬영에서갑상샘안병증에특징적인외안근의비대가있는경우로하였다. 이들환자중기본눈물분비검사에서 7 mm 이하, 눈물막파괴시간이 10초이내, 눈부심, 가려움, 이물감, 작열감, 통증등의안구자극증상, 그리고각막노출로인한각막상피병증이있어형광색소염색을보이는건성안이동반된환자를대상으로각각의군에서 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (Hyalein, Santen, Osaka, Japan) 는매 4시간마다 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A (Restasis, Allergan Inc., Irvine, U.S.A.) 점안액은매 12시간마다양안에점안하도록했다. 점안시안구의따끔거림등의불편감이심하게지속된경우는사용을중지하였으며본연구의대상에서제외하였다. 또한, 사이클로스포린 A 점안액효과를간섭할수있는안구의급성감염또는염증이있는경우, 외상에의한손상이있는경우, 안구알레르기가있는경우, 눈꺼풀의이상또는염증이있는경우, 최근 3개월이내에전안부또는백내장과같은수술을시행한과거력이있는경우에서처럼갑상생안병증이외의건성안의원인이될수있는경우는대상에서제외하였다. 그리고 Mourits et al 17 이제안한갑상샘안병증환자에서임상활동도 (clinical activity score) 가 4점이상인경우, 최근 3개월이내및연구기간내에스테로이드를전신적또는국소적으로사용한경우, 사이클로스포린을전신적으로사용한경우, 최근에건성안을일으킬수있는전신적약물을투여 받은경우, 연구기간내에콘택트렌즈를사용하는경우, 눈물점마개등을사용하고있는경우, 약물에대한과민성반응이있는경우도대상에서제외하였다. 눈물막기능과안구표면의변화를알기위해눈물막파괴시간, 쉬르머검사를통한기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율검사, 형광색소염색을통한각막상피병증의정도와각막감각을점안액사용전과사용후 1개월, 3개월과 6개월째시행하여비교하였다. 결막인상세포검사와눈물내 CXCL11/Interferoninducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC) 농도는점안액사용전과사용후 3개월째에시행하여결막편평상피화생정도, 술잔세포의밀도와눈물내 CXCL11 농도를서로비교하였다. 눈물막파괴시간측정은형광검사지를결막낭에접촉시킨후피검자가수초간몇번눈을깜박이게한후염색된눈물막층에서검은점, 구멍, 또는줄의형태로형광색소염색의결손이관찰될때까지시간을세극등현미경의코발트블루광원을이용하여측정하였다. 0.5% 로희석시킨형광색소 (Fluorescite, Alcon, USA) 10 μl와 0.5% proparacain hydrochloride (Alcaine, Alcon, Forthworth, TX, USA) 를하측구결막에넣고 5분후쉬르머검사지 (Eagle Vision, Memphis TN, USA) 를아래눈꺼풀의외측 1/3 부분의구결막에 5분간접촉시킨다음젖은부위의길이를재어기본눈물분비량을밀리미터단위로측정하고, 검사지의끝부분의염색된정도를표준검사지와비교하여눈물청소율을측정하였다. 표준검사지는점안된형광색소에대하여각각 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64, 1/128, 1/256으로희석한것으로형광색소의농도가연해짐에따라 9단계로구분하였다. 18,19 염색정도의수치적인비교를위하여 log2-1 값으로나타내었다. 각막상피병증의정도는형광색소 (Hagg-Streit AG, CH Koniz, Switzerland) 염색으로평가하였으며, 염색된면적과밀도를점수화하여각각을 0부터 3까지로구분하고이를곱한수치로나타내었다. 형광색소염색은각막이염색되지않은경우를 0, 각막의 1/3 미만이염색되는경우를 1, 1/3과 2/3미만사이가염색되는경우를 2, 2/3 이상염색되는경우를 3으로하였고, 밀도점수는염색이되지않은경우를 0, 경도를 1, 중증도를 2, 밀도가높으면서병변이서로겹치는경우를 3으로나타내었다. 19,20 각막감각검사는 Cochet-Bonnet 촉각계 (Luneau Optalmologie, Chartres Cedex, France) 를이용하였는데나일론세사를최대한으로늘인후그끝을각막중심부와수직으로접촉시켰다. 세사의길이를 5밀리미터단위로단계적으로줄여가면서피검자가처음으로감각을느낄때의촉각계의길이를밀리미터로기록하였다. 결막인상세포검사는 0.5% proparacain
3 - 최원외 : 갑상샘안병증에서사이클로스포린효과 - hydrochloride 로점안마취후 cellulose acetate 여과지 (MFS membrane filter, Advantec MFS, USA) 를각막윤부에인접한하비측구결막에접촉시켜압박하였다. 그후여과지가찢어지지않도록조심스럽게떼어낸후젤라틴이코팅된유리슬라이드위로위치시키고곧바로 95% 에탄올에고정하고 Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) 염색을시행하였다. 편평상피화생정도와술잔세포의밀도를평가는 Nelson 의분류를이용하였다. 21,22 눈물의 CXCL11 농도를측정하기위해치료전과치료후 3개월째유리모세관을이용하여최소자극으로눈물을채취하였고채취직후영하 70도냉동고에보관하였다. CXCL11 의농도는 human CXCL11/I-TAC assay kit (R&D systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) 를이용한 ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) 를시행하여측정하였다. CXCL11의최소민감도는 5 pg/ml이었다. 통계는 SPSS 17.0에서각각의군에서치료전과치료후는paired t-test, 두군간비교는 student t-test 를이용하였고, p값이 0.05 이하인경우를유의하다고판정하였다. 결과 1군 (18명, 36안 ) 에서눈물막파괴시간, 기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율, 각막상피병증과각막감각은점안액사용전 3.94 ±1.24초, 4.61 ±2.09 mm, 2.75 ±0.73, 2.75 ±0.73, ±4.13 mm에서치료 3개월후각각 3.78 ± 1.17초 (p = 0.50), 4.28 ± 2.24 mm (p = 0.54), 2.39 ± 0.49 (p = 0.06), 2.75 ± 0.73 (p = 0.90), ± 3.05 mm (p = 0.50) 로, 치료 6개월후각각 6.17 ± 2.91초 (p<0.01), 8.14 ± 2.59 mm (p<0.01), 5.78 ± 0.93 (p<0.01), 1.56 ± 0.69 (p<0.01), ± 2.39 mm (p<0.01) 로, 2군 (18명, 36안 ) 에서는각각점안액사용전 4.19 ± 1.26초, 4.83 ± 2.30 mm, 2.83 ± 2.44, 2.44 ± 1.16, ± 4.22 mm 에서치료 3개월후 5.89 ±2.88 초 (p =0.01), 7.78 ±2.50 mm (p< 0.01), 5.28 ±1.16 (p = 0.01), 1.39 ±0.93 (p = 0.02), ± 2.50 mm (p<0.01) 로, 치료 6개월후 7.58 ± 2.60초 (p<0.01), 9.28 ±2.08 mm (p<0.01), 5.44 ±0.84 (p<0.01), 1.33 ± 0.86 (p = 0.03), ± 2.47 mm (p<0.01) 로, 치료후 1군에서는 6개월, 2군에서는 3개월후부터점안액사용전에비해호전되었다 (Table 1). 결막인상세포검사에서편평상피화생정도는점안액사용전 1군과 2군에서각각 2.22 ± 0.88, 2.33 ± 0.84에서치료 3개월후 2.00 ± 0.84 (p = 0.48), 0.89 ± 0.76 (p<0.01) 로변하였고, 술잔세포의밀도는점안액사용전 1군과 2군에서각각 ± cells/mm 2, ± cells/mm 2 에서치료 3개월후 ±51.91 cells/mm 2 (p = 0.78), ±39.68 cells/ mm 2 (p = 0.01) 로변화하였다 (Fig. 1, Table 2). 눈물내 CXCL11 농도는치료전 1군과 2군에서각각 ± pg/ml (1250~1686 pg/ml) 와 ± pg/ml (1200~1805 pg/ml) 에서치료 3개월후 ± pg/m (1298~1691 pg/ml) (p = 0.77) 와 ± pg/m (350~1521 pg/ml) (p = 0.01) 로변화하였다 (Fig. 2). 점안액사용전두군간의눈물막파괴시간, 기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율, 각막상피병증, 각막감각, 편평상피화생, 술잔세포밀도와눈물내 CXCL11 농도는차이가없었으나 (p>0.05), 치료 3개월째모든지표에서, 치료 6개월째눈물막파괴시간과기본눈물분비가두군간에차이가있었다 (p<0.05)(fig. 2, Table 1). 관찰기간중더이상의재발은관찰되지않았다. 고찰 Table 1. Changes in tear film and ocular surface parameters before and after treatment with topical 0.1% sodium hyaluronate alone (Group 1) or topical 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.05% cyclosporine A (Group 2) Baseline 1 month after 3 months after 6 months after treatment treatment treatment Tear break up time (sec) Group ± ± ± ± 2.91 * Group ± ± ± 2.88 * 7.58 ± 2.60 * Basal tear secretion (mm) Group ± ± ± ± 2.59 * Group ± ± ± 2.50 * 9.28 ± 2.08 * Tear clearance rate ((log2) -1 ) Group ± ± ± ± 0.93 * Group ± ± ± 1.16 * 5.44 ± 0.84 * Fluorescein staining score Group ± ± ± ± 0.69 * Group ± ± ± 0.93 * 1.33 ± 0.86 * Corneal sensitivity (mm) Group ± ± ± ± 2.39 * Group ± ± ± 2.50 * ± 2.47 * * p<0.05 compared with baseline; p<0.05 compared with group
4 - 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 10 호 - A B C D Figure 1. Impression cytologic findings (PAS, 400) (A,B). Specimen before (A) and 3 months after (B) treatment of topical 0.1% sodium hyaluronate. (A) Loss of goblet cell and large, polygonal epithelial cells with a nucleocytoplasmic ratio of 1:4 or 1:5 (squamous metaplasia grade 2) is visible. (B) Goblet cell density and microscopic findings did not changed after 3 months of treatment. (C, D) Specimen before (C) and 3 months after (D) treatment of topical 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.05% cyclosporine A. (C) Loss of goblet cell and large, polygonal epithelial cells with a nucleocytoplasmic ratio of 1:4 or 1:5 (squamous metaplasia grade 2) were visible. (D) Increased periodic acid-schiff positive goblet cells and round epithelial cells with a nucleocytoplasmic ratio of 1:3 (squamous metaplasia grade 1) are shown after 3 months of treatment. Table 2. Changes in impression cytologic findings before and 3 months after treatment in the both groups Baseline 3 months after teatment Group 1 Conjunctival squamous cell metaplasia (grade) 2.22 ± ± 0.84 Goblet cell density (cell/mm 2 ) ± ± Group 2 Conjunctival squamous cell metaplasia (grade) 2.33 ± ± 0.76 * Goblet cell density (cell/mm 2 ) ± ± * * p<0.05 compared with the baseline; p<0.05 compared with group 1. 건성안은임상에서가장흔하게접할수있는질환중의하나로서약 430만명의미국사람이이환되었다고보고되었다. 23 많은자가면역질환이건성안과관련이있고갑상샘안병증또한그중하나라고알려져있다. 안구표면의항상성유지에있어서눈물막의중요한역할이강조되고, 병태생리 적연구가활발히진행되면서건성안환자에서안표면및눈물샘의만성염증이관찰되어건성안은최근염증질환으로이해되기시작하였다. 24 이러한병인에대한이해를바탕으로치료적접근도단순한수성층눈물을보충하던단계에서누액이분비되어눈물층을유지하는쪽으로관심이전환되
5 - 최원외 : 갑상샘안병증에서사이클로스포린효과 - Figure 2. Comparison of tear CXCL11 levels between before and 3 months after treatment with topical 0.1% sodium hyaluronate alone (Group 1) or topical 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.05% cyclosporine A (Group 2). 었고, 최근에는이러한면역반응및염증반응에서 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A을주성분으로하는레스타시스가사용되고있다. 사이클로스포린 A은 Tolypocladium에서추출한 hydrophobic, cyclic undecapeptide 물질로서 cyclophilin으로알려진세포내펩타이드에결합하여 helper T세포에의한 IL-2 의발현을방해하고, T세포증식을억제하는작용을나타낸다. 7,25 건성안에서사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용은 Laibovitz et al 26 이 1993년처음으로보고하였고눈물샘과결막의림프구침윤과세포자멸사를효과적으로감소시킨다고하였다. 또한, 건성안환자에서사이클로스포린 A 사용후 IL-6 농도를감소시키고 HLA-DR 과 CD11A 발현및결막인상세포검사상술잔세포의밀도를증가시킨다고보고되었다 Stevenson et al 30 은건성안환자에서사이클로스포린 A 점안액이결막의로즈벵갈염색정도와 OSDI (ocular surface disease index) 점수를감소시킨다고하였고, Moon et al 31 은건성안환자에서눈물층의안정화와수성층의분비증가를보인다고하였다. 즉, 건성안환자에서사이클로스포린 A 점안액은 T세포의활성화를억제하여결막과눈물샘의염증을감소시키는것으로요약할수있다. 갑상샘안병증에서안구표면의손상은안검열사이의거리증가, 안구돌출등으로인한안구표면의노출증가에의하고이러한안구표면의노출은눈물의증발을촉진시킨다. 따라서눈물의삼투압과산성도가증가하여건성안과유사한변화를일으키게된다. 3-5 Khurana et al 4 은갑상샘안병증환자에서병이진행할수록눈물막파괴시간이감소하고로즈뱅갈염색을통한각결막병증의정도가증가하여눈물이더산성화가된다고하였으며, 눈물분비는갑상샘안병증과특별한연관이없다고하였다. Gilbard and Farris 5 는갑상샘안병증에서안검열사이의크기가증가할수록안구표면의건성화 를야기한다고하였으나눈물분비는큰영향을받지않는다고하였다. 그러나본연구에서는 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용전에눈물막파괴시간과기본눈물분비가각각 4.07 ± 1.25초와 4.72 ± 2.18 mm로건성안의값을나타내었으며, 결막인상세포검사를통한결막평편상피화생의증가와술잔세포의밀도의감소의소견을보여갑상샘안병증과동반된건성안은안구표면의노출증가와관련된눈물의증발과함께만성적인염증에의한눈물분비감소또한원인이될수있음을알수있었다. 하지만본연구에서는대상이되는환자군의돌출정도가심하지않고, 안구돌출계값이두군간에차이가없어노출군과비노출군을따로구분하여제시하지않았다. 본연구에서는 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액과인공눈물사용후눈물막파괴시간, 기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율, 각막상피병증과각막감각은 3개월째호전되어 6개월까지유지되었으며, 결막인상세포검사상술잔세포의밀도, 편평상피화생의정도와눈물내 CXCL11 의농도또한치료후 3개월째호전되었다. 인공눈물만사용한군에서는치료후 6개월째눈물막파괴시간, 기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율, 각막상피병증이호전되었으며, 결막인상세포검사상술잔세포의밀도, 편평상피화생의정도와눈물내 CXCL11 의농도는치료 3개월후에도치료전과통계적으로차이가없었다. Altiparmak et al 32 은인공눈물 (Refresh Tears, Allergan, Waco, TX, USA) 만사용한군과인공눈물과 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을사용한군을 6개월후비교하였을때두군간유의한차이가없다고하여본연구와상이한결과를보였다. 이는사용전과사용후 6개월째검사를시행해 0.05% 사이클로스포린과인공누액만점안한경우회복되는속도를비교하지못했으며, 인공눈물과 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을동시에사용한군에서점안을중단한경우와추적관찰이불가능한경우가인공눈물만사용한군보다많아결과에오류가생겼을수있기때문으로생각된다. 4 Oh et al 33 은건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증환자에서 0.1% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을하루 4회사용하였을때, 1개월째기본눈물분비와눈물막파괴시간이, 3개월째각막감각과결막인상세포검사상술잔세포밀도와편평상피화생정도가호전된다고하였고, 이는본연구에서사용한 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 농도보다높은농도를사용하여본연구결과와부합한다고할수있다. 술잔세포의밀도는안구표면질환의정도를나타내는가장민감한지표이다. 병이진행함에따라술잔세포의밀도는더욱감소하며, 이어서결막상피세포의편평상피화생이나크기증가등의안구표면변화가나타나게된다. 21,28 각막감각, 눈물막파괴시간, 그리고기본눈물분비의호전과관련된안구표
6 - 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 10 호 - 면의변화는결막인상세포검사를통해서관찰할수있는데, 본연구에서는 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용 3개월후통계적으로유의한편평세포화생정도의감소와술잔세포밀도의증가를확인할수있었다. 따라서갑상샘안병증에서사이클로스포린 A 점안후염증의억제에의해눈물막기능지표들의향상과더불어술잔세포의밀도가증가하고, 편평상피화생의정도는감소하여안구표면이정상화됨을추측할수있다. CXCL11 은 α-케모카인군에속하는 ELR-negative군의케모카인으로활성화된 T세포와 NK세포에서발견되는 CXCR3 수용체에작용하여세포매개면역반응에중심적인역할을한다. 34 Interleukin(IL)-2에의해활성화된 T세포에 CXCR3이발현되면이수용체의리간드인 MIG (monokine induced by γ-interferon), IP-10 (interferon-γ inducible protein of 10 kda), I-TAC 이선택적으로결합하며, 이중특히 I-TAC 이높은결합력을갖는다고알려져있다. 35 또한, 이중 I-TAC의농도는건성안의중등도와비례하고눈물막및안구표면인자들과상관성이있다고최근알려져있다. 36 본연구에서는 0.1% sodium hyaluronate와 0.05% cyclosporine A 점안액치료후눈물내 I-TAC 의농도가치료전에비해유의하게감소함을알수있었고이는안구표면에서 T세포매개염증반응이감소함을의미한다고할수있다. 본연구의제한점은대상환자의수가적고갑상샘안병증에서눈물막기능에영향을줄수있는안구돌출과안구표면노출정도에대한고려가이루어지지않았고 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용시불편감을호소하는경우는대상에서제외하였기때문에결과에오류가있을수있다는점이다. 본연구에서는총 38명의건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증환자에서 2명의환자가불편감을호소하여 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용을중지하였으며이경우는대상에서제외하였다. 또한, 본연구에서는주관적증상의비교분석을객관적자료로제시하지못했지만, 대부분의환자에서객관적지표의호전과함께주관적증상도호전을보였으며, 이에대해향후추가적인연구가필요할것으로생각된다. 결론적으로, 건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증환자에서인공눈물만단독으로사용하는경우보다 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을병합하여사용하는경우가더효과적이라고할수있겠다. 참고문헌 1) Char DH. Thyroid eye disease. Br J Ophthalmol 1996;80: ) Im WI, Choi SS, Yoo HR, Yoon YS. Correlation between the thyroid associated ophthalmopathy and thyroid function state. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2002;43: ) Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF. Grave's ophthalmopathy: a rational approach to treatment. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2002;13: ) Khurana A, Sunder S, Ahluwalia BK, Malhotra KC. Tear film profile in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 1992;70: ) Gilbard JP, Farris RL. Ocular surface drying and tear film osmolarity in thyroid eye disease. Acta Ophthalmol 1983;61: ) Pflugfelder SC, Solomon A, Stern ME. The diagnosis and management of dry eye: a twenty-five-year review. Cornea 2000;19: ) Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG. Cyclosporine A: immunology, pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Surv Ophthalmol 1986;31: ) Hemady R, Tauber J, Foster SC. Immunosuppressive drugs in immune and inflammatory ocular disease. Surv Ophthalmol 1991;35: ) Jabs DA, Wingard J, Green R, et al. The eye in bone marrow transplantation. Arch Ophthalmol 1989;107: ) Bhan AK, Fujikawa LS, Foster CS. T-cell subsets and Langerhans cells in normal and diseased conjunctiva. Am J Ophthalmol 1982;94: ) Gilbard JP, Rossi SR, Azar DT, Heyda KG. Effect of punctal occlusion by Freeman silicone plug insertion on tear osmolarity in dry eye disorder. CLAO J 1989;15: ) Lee EH, Jang JW, Lew HM. The changes of tear osmolarity and protein after silicone punctal plug insertion in dry eye. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2001;42: ) Yen MT, Pflugfelder SC, Feuer WJ. The effect of punctual occlusion on tear production, tear clearance and ocular surface sensation in normal subjects. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131: ) Pflugfelder SC, De Paiva CS, Villarreal AL, Stern ME. Effects of sequential artificial tear and cyclosporine A emulsion therapy on conjunctival goblet cell density and transforming growth factor-β2 production. Cornea 2008;27: ) Wilson SE, Perry HD. Long-term resolution of chronic dry eye symptoms and signs after topical cyclosporine A treatment. Ophthalmology 2007;114: ) Roberts CW, Carniglia PE, Brazzo BG. Comparison of topical cyclosporine A, punctal occlusion, and a combination for the treatment of dry eye. Cornea 2007;26: ) Mourits MP, Koornneef L, Wiersinga WM, et al. Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a novel approach. Br J Ophthalmol 1989;73: ) Tsubota K. Tear dynamics and dry eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 1998;17: ) Kaido M, Goto E, Dogru M, Tsubota K. Punctal occlusion for Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Ophthalmology 2004;111: ) Yoon KC, Jeong IY, Im SK, et al. Therapeutic effect of umbilical cord serum eyedrops for the treatment of dry eye associated with graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007;39: ) Nelson JD. Impression cytology. Cornea 1988;7: ) Yoon KC, Heo H, Im SK, et al. Comparison of autologous serum and umbilical cord serum eye drops for dry eye syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;144: ) Perry HD, Donnenfeld ED. Dry eye diagnosis and management in Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2004;15: ) O Brien PD, Collum LM. Dry eye: Diagnosis and current treatment strategies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2004;4: ) Small DS, Acheampong A, Reis B, et al. Blood concentrations of cyclosporin during long term treatment with cyclosporin oph
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8 - 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 10 호 - =ABSTRACT= Effect of Topical 0.05% Cyclosporine A in Dry Eye Associated With Thyroid Ophthalmopathy Won Choi, MD 1, Yeoung-Geol Park, MD 1, Jae-Kap Cho, MD 2, Kyung-Chul Yoon, MD, PhD 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Medical School 1, Gwangju, Korea Department of Ophthalmology, Seonam University College of Medicine 2, Namwon, Korea Purpose: The present study was performed to evaluate the changes in tear film and ocular surface parameters after using sodium hyaluronate (SH) 0.1% alone or in combination with cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy accompanied by dry eye. Methods: A total of 72 eyes from 36 patients were divided into two groups; 36 eyes of 18 patients were treated with 0.1% SH alone (group 1), and 36 eyes of 18 patients were treated with SH 0.1% and CsA 0.05% (group 2). Tear break-up time (BUT), basal tear secretion test (BST), tear clearance rate (TCR), fluorescein staining (FS) and corneal sensitivity test (CST) were evaluated at pre-treatment and one, three and six months post-treatment. Conjunctival impression cytology was performed and tear CXCL11 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand) levels were measured pre-treatment and three months post-treatment. Results: BUT, BST, TCR, KEP and CST were significantly improved at six months in group 1 (p < 0.05) and at three months in group 2 (p < 0.05). The degree of conjunctival squamous cell metaplasia, goblet cell density and tear CXCL11 levels were significantly changed at three months in group 2 (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in group 1 after 3 months. Conclusions: Combined use of topical 0.1% SH and 0.05% CsA can result in early improvement in tear films and ocular surface parameters in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy accompanied by dry eye. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(10): Key Words: Cyclosporine, Dry eye syndrome, Sodium hyaluronate, Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy Address reprint requests to Kyung-Chul Yoon, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Medical School #8 Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwang-ju , Korea Tel: , Fax: , kcyoon@chonnam.ac.kr
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