09-JKOS (이은경)554.hwp
|
|
- 본임 이
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 5 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(5): ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) Original Article 초광범위안저촬영술을이용한제주도지역에서의눈개회충증의임상양상분석 The Clinical Characteristics of Ocular Toxocariasis in Jeju Island Using Ultra-wide-field Fundus Photography 이종영 김진영 이상윤 이혜진 정진호 이은경 Jong Young Lee, MD, Jin Young Kim, MD, Sang-Yoon Lee, MD, Hye Jin Lee, MD, Jin Ho Jeong, MD, PhD, Eun Kyoung Lee, MD 제주대학교의학전문대학원안과학교실 Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea Purpose: To investigate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of ocular toxocariasis in Jeju Island using ultra-wide-field fundus photography. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 eyes of 37 patients who were diagnosed with ocular toxocariasis based on clinical aspects and serologic tests. The quality of history-taking was assessed and peripheral blood samples were analyzed. Ocular characteristics were evaluated using ultra-wide-field fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. Changes in visual acuity and funduscopic findings after treatment were also analyzed. Results: The average age of the patients was 57.9 years and the mean Toxocara canis IgG titer was ± The most common fundus findings were vitreous opacity (63.6%) and granuloma (60%). Granulomas that were not initially observed within the field of view of conventional fundus photography were found using ultra-wide-field imaging in 15 eyes (62.5%). Ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiography showed peripheral vascular leakage in 16 eyes (69.6%). Treatment with oral prednisolone and albendazole resulted in average vision improvements of 0.19 ± 0.07 logmar (p = 0.031) as well as significant improvements in anterior chamber inflammation and vitreous opacity. Combination therapy led to a significantly lower recurrence rate than prednisolone monotherapy (p = 0.049). Conclusions: In Jeju Island, the mean Toxocara canis IgG titer of ocular toxocariasis was high. The incidences of vitreous opacity and granulomas were also high. Ultra-wide-field fundus imaging was useful for finding peripheral retinal lesions and peripheral vascular leakage that were not observed within the field of view of conventional fundus photography. Ultra-wide-field fundus imaging was valuable not only during clinical diagnosis, but also on follow-up evaluations of ocular toxocariasis. Treatment with oral prednisolone and albendazole effectively improved ocular inflammation and visual acuity and helped reduce the recurrence rate. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(5): Keywords: Ocular toxocariasis, Toxocariasis, Ultra-wide-field fundus photography, Uveitis Received: Revised: Accepted: Address reprint requests to Eun Kyoung Lee, MD Department of Opthalmology, Jeju National University Hospital, #15 Aran 13-gil, Jeju 63241, Korea Tel: , Fax: righthanded8282@gmail.com * This study was presented as a poster at the 116th Annual Meeting of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 개회충증은고양이나개의회충인 Toxocara canis의유충이인체에감염되어증상을나타내는인수공통감염질환이다. 1 주요감염경로는동물의배설물을통해충란, 유충으로오염된토양이나채소를경구로섭취하거나, 감염된중간숙주혹은애완동물의자충포자란을섭취함으로써감염되는것으로알려져있고, 안구내감염은흔치않은것으로보고되고있다. 1-3 눈개회충증의진단은안구특성상조직 c2017 The Korean Ophthalmological Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 554
2 - 이종영외 : 제주도지역눈개회충증의임상양상분석 - 검사의위험성및어려움으로인해임상적으로망막의육아종등특이병변이관찰되고, 혈청학적으로 Toxocara canis 항원에대한특이항체검출이되는경우로이루어지고있다. 1 눈개회충증에의한임상적인증상은전형적으로망막후극부혹은주변부에육아종이발견될수있고, 유리체혼탁, 망막부종, 유리체망막견인, 망막박리등다양한동반증상이관찰될수있다. 4,5 초광범위안저촬영기는 200 범위의망막촬영이가능하여기존의안저촬영술카메라의촬영범위인 60 에비해한번의촬영으로중심부는물론주변부망막까지종합적인분석이가능하다. 따라서포도막염, 6,7 당뇨망막병증, 8 망막혈관폐쇄, 9 망막박리, 10 급성망막괴사 11 등주변부망막관찰이필요한다양한망막질환에서의유용성이확인되어왔고, 특히포도막염의진단, 경과관찰및치료방침결정에있어다방면으로활용되고있다. 7 하지만아직까지초광범위안저촬영술및초광범위형광안저혈관조영술을이용하여눈개회충증의임상양상을분석한연구는이루어진바가없다. 또한날음식의섭취율이높아상대적으로기생충감염위험이높은시골지역 (rural area) 에서발생한눈개회충증환자들의임상양상에대한연구는보고된바가없다. 이에본연구는제주도지역에서진단된눈개회충증환자들을대상으로초광범위안저촬영술및초광범위형광안저혈관조영술을이용하여그임상양상을분석하고, 치료후결과를보고하고자한다. 대상과방법 2013년 1월부터 2016년 11월까지제주대학교병원안과에내원한환자중임상양상과혈청학적검사를통해진단된눈개회충증환자들을대상으로의무기록을후향적으로분석하였다. 다음의기준을충족하는환자들을연구에포함하였다 : (1) 망막육아종과같은눈개회충증의전형적인임상양상이관찰되는경우, (2) 혈청 Toxocara canis 항체가양성인경우, (3) 치료이후추적관찰이이루어졌던경우, 망막에국소적인육아종을유발시킬수있는다른질환 ( 톡소플라즈마증, 사로코이드증, 결핵, 진균감염 ) 이동반된경우는연구에서배제되었다. 본연구는헬싱키선언을준수하였으며, 제주대학교병원의학연구윤리심의위원회 (Institutional review board, IRB) 의승인하에진행되었다 ( 승인번호 : ). 모든환자에서진단당시연령, 증상발현시간, 경과관찰기간, 감염경로에대하여조사하였다. 감염경로는외래진료시이루어진문진을토대로소생간, 육회, 동물혈액복용력및애완동물혹은가축접촉력여부를조사하여분 석하였다. 혈청학적검사로모든환자들에서 Toxocara canis 유충항원에대한혈청 immunoglobulin G (IgG) 항체역가를측정하기위해효소면역측정법 (indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) 이시행되었으며, 혈청 ELISA 역가 이상을 toxocariasis IgG 양성으로정의하였다. 12,13 또한호산구수치측정을위해일반혈액검사를시행하였으며, 말초혈액호산구증가는말초혈액의호산구수가 500개 /μl 이상또는총백혈구수의 10% 이상인경우로정의하였다. 14,15 안과적검진은초진당시와경과관찰기간에이루어진시력, 안압, 세극등현미경검사, 안저검사, 빛간섭단층촬영검사, 초광범위안저촬영술검사및초광범위형광안저혈관조영술검사결과를토대로분석하였다. 시력은 Snellen 시력표를이용하여측정하였으며, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logmar) 시력으로변환하여분석하였다. 안압은비접촉성안압계로측정하였고, 세극등현미경검사를통해전안부병변을조사하였다. 빛간섭단층촬영기 (optical coherence tomography [OCT], Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) 와초광범위안저촬영기 (Optos fundus camera, Optos, Dunfermline, Scotland, UK) 를이용하여육아종의위치, 양상, 동반된유리체망막병변의유무를분석하였다. 포도막염은 Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) 16 기준에근거하여앞, 중간, 후또는전체포도막염으로구분하였으며, 포도막염의염증정도또한분석하였다. 망막중심부혹은주변부에색소성상흔혹은견인성망막박리를동반하거나동반하지않은국소적흰색결절을육아종으로정의하였다. 1 유리체혼탁정도는 National Institutes of Health (NIH) classification 17 기준에따라세분화하여분석하였다. 빛간섭단층촬영을통해중심와두께를측정하였으며, 중심와두께 260 μm 이상인경우를황반부종으로정의하였다. 18 빛간섭단층촬영검사에서망막내경계막표면에고반사를보이는연속된선이관찰되는경우를망막전막이동반된것으로정의하였다. 19 또한초광범위형광안저혈관조영술검사를통하여시신경과형광, 주변부혈관누출, 황반부종여부와정도를조사하였다. 주변부혈관누출은후극부에국한된경우, 후극부를벗어난일부지역에국한된경우, 그리고망막사분면전체의미만성누출로관찰되는경우로나누어분석하였다. 20,21 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) 7-standard fields 기법을이용하여기존의안저촬영기의촬영각도에서벗어난지역에서망막육아종이관찰된경우와기존의형광안저혈관조영술검사에서확인할수없었던주변부혈관누출이관찰된경우를또한분석하였다
3 - 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 5 호 - 치료는염증정도와환자증상, 유리체망막병변을고려하여시행되었고, 염증정도에따라스테로이드용량을결정하였다. 경구 prednisolone (Solondo, Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, Korea) 을 1일체중 (Kg) 당 mg 부하용량을적용하고이후용량저감으로투여하였으며, 점안스테로이드제제는전방염증이있는경우사용하였다. 경구 albendazole (Zental, Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, Korea) 은 400 mg 으로 1일 2회, 14일간투여하였다. 환자들에게적용된치료방법에따라경구 prednisolone과 albendazole 복합투여군, 경구 prednisolone 단독치료군, 경구 albendazole 단독투 Table 1. Demographics of patients Value Age at presentation (years) 57.9 ± 12.0 Male:Female (n, %) 23:14 (62.2:37.8) Unilateral:Bilateral (n, %) 34:3 (91.9:8.1) Disease duration at diagnosis (months) 1.3 ± 2.2 Follow up period (months) 8.1 ± 8.9 Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. 여군, 치료하지않고경과관찰한군으로나누어치료전후의시력, 안구내염증정도그리로유리체혼탁정도의변화를분석하였다. 또한치료이후육아종의변화양상을완전또는부분관해 (complete or partial resolution), 관해및이행이없는경우 (persistent granuloma), 연속적및불연속적 Table 2. Probable infection sources and serologic markers in patients with ocular toxocariasis Variable Value Infection sources 19 Raw meat or raw fish 9 (47.4) Raw cow liver 8 (42.1) Cervidae blood 2 (10.5) Serologic markers Serum Toxocara canis IgG titer (ELISA) ± Eosinophilia (>500 cells/μl or >10% of 5 (12.5) total WBC) Values are presented as mean ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated. ELISA = enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; WBC = white blood cell. A B C D Figure 1. Ultra-wide-field fundus photographs and ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiographic imaging of ocular toxocariasis. (A) A granuloma with mild vitreous opacity. (B) A tractional retinal fold with localized tractional retinal detachment. (C) Diffuse peripheral vascular leakage. (D) A prominent optic disc leakage. 556
4 - 이종영외 : 제주도지역눈개회충증의임상양상분석 - 인이행이관찰되는경우 (continuous or discontinuous migration) 로나누어분석하였다. 육아종이기존에관찰된위치와인접한곳으로이행하는경우를연속적이행으로, 기존의위치와떨어진곳에새롭게관찰되어총육아종의개수가증가한경우를불연속적이행으로정의하였다. 5 통계학적분석은 SPSS ver. 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 을사용하였으며, 각치료군간의치료전후시력, 안구내염증과유리체혼탁정도의변화는 Wilcoxon signed ranks test를이용하여분석하였다. 모든통계학적평가에있어 p-value가 0.05 미만인경우를통계학적으로의미가있다고평가하였다. 결과 연구에포함된환자는총 37명, 40안이었으며 34명 (9.19%) 이단안에, 3명 (8.1%) 이양안에발병하였다. 진단당시환자들의평균연령은 57.9 ± 12.0세였으며, 남성이 23명 (62.2%), 여성이 14명 (37.8%) 이었다. 증상발생후진단에소요된시간은평균 1.3 ± 2.2개월이었으며, 추적관찰기간은평균 8.1 ± 8.9개월이었다 (Table 1). 감염경로가확인된 19명중육회섭취력이있는환자가 9명 (47.4%) 으로가장많았고, 소생간을복용한환자가 8명 (42.2%), 사슴피복용력이있는환자가 2명 (10.5%) 이었다. 혈청 Toxocara canis IgG 항체의평균 ELISA 역가는 ± 0.486이었고, 말초혈액검사에서의미있는호산구증가를보인환자 5명의평균호산구수치는 ± cells/μl 였다 (Table 2). 초진당시평균시력은 logmar 0.5 ± 0.6이었다. 진단당시 40안모두에서안구내염증이동반되었으며, 전방내평균염증정도는 0.81 ± 1.10이었다. SUN working group 의분류기준에따른포도막염분류시본연구에서는후포도막염이 18안 (45.0%) 으로가장많았으며, 중간포도막염 9 안 (22.5%), 전체포도막염 8안 (20.0%), 앞포도막염 5안 (12.5%) 순이었다. 진단당시안저소견으로유리체혼탁이 28안 (63.6%) 으로가장많았고, 평균유리체혼탁정도는 1.40 ± 0.73이었다. 망막육아종이총 24안 (60.0%) 에서관찰되었는데, 그중주변부육아종이 22안 (55.0%), 후극부육아종이 1안 (2.5%) 에서관찰되었고, 후극부와주변부모두에육아종이있었던경우가 1안 (2.5%) 에서확인되었다 (Fig. 1A). 빛간섭단층촬영검사상황반부종이 14안 (35.0%) 에서동반되었으며, 황반부종이동반된안구의평균중심와두께는 ± 97.6 μm였다. 또한망막전막이 10안 (25.0%), 유리체망막견인이 5안 (12.5%), 색소성반흔이 2안 (5.0%), 망막박리가 1안 (2.5%, Fig. 1B) 에서관찰되었다. 초광범위형광안저혈관조영술검사는총 23안에서시행되었고, 그결과 주변부혈관누출이 15안 (65.2%) 에서관찰되었으며, 이중후극부를벗어난일부지역에국한되어누출이관찰된경우가 5안 (33.3%), 망막사분면전체의미만성누출로관찰된경우가 10안 (66.7%) 이었다 (Fig. 1C). 또한혈관누출이후극부에국한된경우는 1안 (4.3%) 에서관찰되었다. 그외에시신경과형광이 11안 (47.8%, Fig. 1D), 황반부종이 11안 (47.8%) 에서관찰되었다 (Table 3). 초광범위안저촬영기를이용하여관찰된망막육아종 24안에서기존의안저촬영기를통해관찰할수없는부위에서육아종이관찰된경우가 15안 (62.5%) 이었다 (Fig. 2). 또한초광범위형광안저조영술검사에서혈관누출이관찰된 16안중기존의형광안저혈관조영술의촬영각도를벗어난지역에서혈관누출이확인된경우가 14안 (87.5%) 이었다. 경구 prednisolone과 albendazole 복합치료를받은환자가 23명, 경구 prednisolone만복용한환자가 8명, 경구 albendazole만복용한환자가 3명, 치료하지않고경과관찰한환자가 3명이었다. 경구 prednisolone과 albendazole 복합치료를받았던경우평균 0.19 ± 0.07 logmar 의시력개선 (p=0.031) 효과가있었으며, 전방내염증 (p=0.017) 과유리체혼탁 (p=0.002) 이유의하게호전되었다 (Fig. 3). 경구 prednisolone 치료만을받았던경우전방염증정도는유의하게호전되었고 (p=0.041), 시력및유리체혼탁에있어서호전은있었으나, 통계학적으로유의하지는않았다 ( 각각 Table 3. Ocular characteristics in patients with ocular toxocariasis Variable Number of eyes (%) Intraocular inflammation Anterior uveitis 5 (12.5) Intermediate uveitis 9 (22.5) Posterior uveitis 18 (45.0) Pan uveitis 8 (20.0) Retinal granuloma Posterior pole 1 (2.5) Peripheral 22 (55.0) Combined 1 (2.5) Vitreoretinal comorbidities Vitreous opacity 28 (63.6) Macular edema 14 (35.0) Epiretinal membrane 10 (25.0) Vitreoretinal traction 5 (12.5) Pigmentary scar 2 (5.0) Retinal detachment 1 (2.5) Ultra-wide-field FAG findings Peripheral vascular leakage 15 (65.2) Limited:diffuse 5:10 (33.3:66.7) Posterior pole vascular leakage 1 (4.3) Optic disc hyperfluorescence 11 (47.8) Macular edema 11 (47.8) FAG = fluoresceine angiography. 557
5 - 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 5 호 - A B Figure 2. Ultra-wide-field fundus images with overlay of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) 7-standard 30-degree fields. Small peripheral granuloma in nasal retina (A) and two peripheral granulomas in inferior retina (B) were noted in the image beyond the ETDRS 7 fields. A B Figure 3. Ultra-wide-field fundus photographic findings of a patient with ocular toxocariasis before and after treatment of oral prednisolone with albendazole. (A) Severe vitreous opacity and multiple vitreous debris are shown. (B) The vitreous opacity was cleared up after treatment. p=0.343, p=0.066). 경구 albendazole 치료만을받았던경우시력과유리체혼탁이다소호전되었으나이역시통계학적으로의미있는결과는아니었다 ( 각각 p=0.180, p=0.317). 치료하지않고경과관찰만하였던경우시력과전방염증정도에있어유의한차이는관찰되지않았다. 치료후재발률은경구 prednisolone과 albendazole 복합치료군에서 2안 (8.7%), prednisolone 단독치료군에서 3안 (37.5%) 으로나타나복합치료군에서유의하게낮았다 (p=0.049) (Table 4). 황반부종이동반되었던 14안중치료이후빛간섭단층촬영검사를다시시행한경우가 11안이었고, 이들의평균중심와두께는 ± μm로치료전에비해통계적으 로유의한차이를보이지않았다 (p=0.248). 육아종이관찰된 24안중치료이후육아종의완전관해를보인경우가 5안 (20.8%), 부분관해를보인경우가 8안 (33.3%), 관해및이행이없었던경우가 9안 (37.5%), 기존육아종에서연속적인이행을보였던경우가 1안 (4.2%), 불연속적이행을보였던경우가 1안 (4.2%) 이었다 (Fig. 4). 고찰 최근개발된초광범위안저촬영기는 200 이상의망막촬영범위를제공함으로써, 한번의촬영으로기존안저촬영 558
6 - 이종영외 : 제주도지역눈개회충증의임상양상분석 - Table 4. Treatment outcomes in patients with ocular toxocariasis Treatment modalities Corticosteroid and albendazole (n = 23) Corticosteroid only (n = 8) Albendazole only (n = 3) Observation (n = 3) Visual acuity (logmar) Grade of ocular inflammation Grade of vitreous opacity Recurrence After Baseline p-value * After Baseline p-value * After Baseline p-value * (n, %) treatment treatment treatment 0.56 ± 0.37 ± ± 0.34 ± ± 0.56 ± (8.7) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± (37.5) 0.67 ± ± 0.17 ± ± N/A A p-value < 0.05 was considered statically significant. N/A = not applicable; logmar = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. * p-values were obtained using the Wilcoxon singled-rank test; Standardization of uveitis nomenclature (SUN) working group s grading scheme, based on the number of inflammatory cells present in a 1 1 mm slit beam of maximal intensity (grade 0: <1 cell, grade 0.5+: 1-5 cells, grade 1+: 6-15 cells, grade 2+: cells, grade 4+: >50 cells); National institutes of health (NIH) grading system for vitreous haze (grade 0: no flare, grade 0.5+: flare trace, grade 1+: clear optic disc and vessels, haze nerve fiber layer, grade 2+: hazy optic disc and vessels, grade 3+: optic disc visible, grade 4+: optic disc not visible). A B C D Figure 4. Ultra-wide-field fundus photographs of discontinuous migration of granuloma. (A) A round shape granuloma (white arrow) is shown. (B) After 3 months, a new granuloma (white arrow) appeared adjacent to the site of previous granuloma. (C) 1 week later, another novel granuloma (white arrow) was noted. (D) After 3 weeks, the granulomas were decreased in size. 술검사로파악할수없었던주변부망막병소를더잘찾아낼수있고, 망막병소들의변화양상과치료반응평가를 직관적으로시행할수있어여러망막질환들의임상양상분석및경과관찰에이용되고있다 눈개회충중의임상 559
7 - 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 5 호 - 양상은일반적으로후극부육아종, 주변부육아종, 선충성안내염그리고시신경염또는맥락망막염등비전형적임상양상을보이는경우로구분된다. 1 따라서눈개회충증의진단, 임상양상분석및치료후경과관찰평가에있어서정확하고효율적인안저검사가무엇보다중요하다. 기존의보고들은눈개회충증의망막병변을분석함에있어촬영범위가 에국한된안저촬영기를사용하였기에망막주변부병소를평가하는데한계가있었고, 4 초광범위형광안저혈관조영술검사를이용한분석은또한이루어진적이없었다. 또한날것의섭취율이높은시골지역에서의눈개회충증환자들의임상양상에대한연구는이전에보고된바가없다. 이에본연구에서는최초로 200 범위의망막촬영이가능한초광범위안저촬영술및초광범위형광안저혈관조영술검사를이용하여제주도지역눈개회충증환자들의임상양상을분석하고자하였다. ELISA 검사를이용한혈청 Toxocara canis IgG의검출검사는민감도와특이도가각각 91.5%, 91.0% 로높아개회충증진단에유용하게사용되고있다. 12 국내눈개회충증환자 101명의임상양상과특징을분석한 Ahn et al 5 의연구에서평균혈청 Toxocara canis IgG 역가는 ± 0.115였던반면, 본연구에서조사한제주도지역눈개회충증환자들의평균혈청 Toxocara canis IgG 역가는 ± 0.486으로높게측정되었다. 눈개회충증환자들의혈청 Toxocara canis IgG 역가의진단적가치에대해분석한 Bae et al 12 의연구에서 ELISA 검사를통한특이항체의농도가높다는것은눈개회충감염의 load가많고, 질환의활성도가높다는것을의미하였다. 따라서대표적인 rural area인제주도지역의눈개회충증환자들은서울로대표되는도시지역의환자들에비해눈개회충감염의평균 load 및질병활성도가높다는것을시사한다하겠다. 본연구에서제주도지역눈개회충증환자의평균연령은 57.9세였으며 62.2% 가남성환자였다. 이는기존국내환자를대상으로한 Ahn et al 5 의연구에서평균연령 51.7 세, 남자환자가 76% 인결과와유사하다. 그러나미국눈개회충증환자를대상으로한 Stewart et al 2 의연구에서평균연령이 16.5세로주로어린연령에호발하고, 남녀비율에도차이가없었던결과와는상이하다. Stewart et al 2 은어린연령에눈개회충증이호발한이유로소아에서종종보고되는토식증 (geophagia), 이식증 (pica) 과연관되어, 개나고양이등의분변을통해충란, 유충으로오염된토양을섭취하여감염되기때문으로해석한바있다. 이와달리본연구에서눈개회충증환자들중성인남성환자의비율이높은것은제주도지역성인남성들의소생간, 육회등을비롯한날음식섭취식습관과밀접한관련이있을것으로 생각된다. 실제로본연구결과감염경로가확인된 19명중 47.4% 에서육회등날음식복용력이있었고, 42.1% 에서소생간복용력이있다고하였다. 특히제주도는국내최대의말사육지로말사육농가뿐아니라한우와흑돼지사육농가가많으며, 섬이라는지리적특성상말고기육회, 새끼돼지육회, 소생간, 생선회등날음식섭취문화가발달해있다. 위와같은음식들의주소비층이성인남성인것을고려하면제주도지역눈개회충환자의성인남성비율이높은것을이해할수있다. 눈개회충증에의한안과적임상양상의빈도에관하여본연구에서는유리체혼탁이 63.6% 로가장많았으며, 육아종, 황반부종, 망막전막의순으로확인되었다. 또한육아종의분포를살펴보면, 주변부육아종이 55% 로후극부육아종의 2.5% 에비해월등히빈도가높았다. 기존의 Ahn et al 5 의연구에서는임상양상의빈도에있어육아종, 망막신경섬유층결손, 망막전막, 유리체혼탁, 망막박리의순으로보고한바있다. 또한주변부육아종이있을때유리체혼탁이동반될가능성이높았고, 후극부육아종이있을때망막신경섬유층결손및망막전막과의관련성이높다고밝힌바있다. 본연구에서유리체혼탁과주변부육아종의빈도가같이높은것은기존연구결과와유사한소견으로, 병소가망막주변부에있는경우유리체혼탁에의한시력저하가환자들로하여금안과에내원하게만든이유가될것이라생각한다. 망막신경섬유층결손이육아종등급성망막병소가사라진이후관찰되는것과, 본연구에서증상발생후진단에소요된시간이평균 1.3개월로짧았던것을고려하면, 본연구에서육아종뿐아니라유리체혼탁의빈도가높았던것은상대적으로눈개회충증질환의급성기에진단된환자군이많이포함되었기때문으로생각된다. 본연구에서시행한초광범위안저촬영술기법을통한눈개회충증환자의평가는임상적으로다음과같은의의를가질수있다. 첫째, 초광범위안저촬영술기법을통해망막주변부의병변까지확인함으로써, 기존의안저촬영술에서육아종이나견인성망막박리등의소견이관찰되지않아질병의활성도가낮다고자칫잘못판단하게될가능성을줄일수있다. 실제로기존안저촬영술을통해관찰할수없는부위에서육아종이관찰된경우가 62.5% 로확인되어, 분주한진료현장에서주변부육아종등소견을놓칠가능성이다분하다고생각된다. 둘째, 안저검진상육아종등눈에보이는병변이뚜렷이관찰되지않는환자에서도초광범위형광안저혈관조영술을통해혈관누출이관찰되는경우가있어, 질병의활성도를평가하는임상결정에도움을줄수있다. 본연구에서초광범위형광안저혈관조영술검사상약 70% 의환자에서망막주변부의혈관누출이관찰 560
8 - 이종영외 : 제주도지역눈개회충증의임상양상분석 - 되었는데, 이는기존의형광안저혈관조영술을이용했던 Despreaux et al 4 의연구에서보고된 57% 에비해높은비율이며, 기존의형광안저혈관조영술에서확인할수없었던지역에서혈관누출이관찰된경우또한 87.5% 로매우높았음을알수있다. 특히본연구에서미만성혈관누출의비율이높았던것은앞서밝혔듯이질환의급성기에진단된환자군이많이포함되었을가능성과관련이있어보인다. 마지막으로, 육아종의이동이나관해등변화양상을한눈에가시적으로평가하는데초광범위안저촬영술기법이큰도움을줄수있다. 본연구의증례 (Fig. 4) 에서확인할수있듯이병소의호전및악화에대한직관적인평가는치료방침결정에매우중요한영향을줄것이다. 본연구의제한점은다음과같다. 첫째, 연구에포함된환자의수가적었으며, 대학병원인본기관을방문한환자만포함되었기에연구결과를제주도지역눈개회충증환자들전체의특성으로일반화시키기에는한계가있다. 둘째, 본연구에서는혈청 IgE 검사가이루어지지않았다. 기생충감염에있어혈청 IgE가상승됨이알려져있는만큼, 호산구증가여부와함께혈청 IgE 수치에대한검사를통해눈개회충증의질병활성도와의연관성에대한연구가추가적으로이루어져야할것으로생각된다. 셋째, 본연구에서치료약제에따라군을나누어시력, 전방내염증, 유리체혼탁의호전정도및재발률등을분석하였으나, Albendazole 단독치료군및경과관찰만시행한군의환자수가적어비모수검정을통한분석을하였음에도통계적인의미를부여하는데에한계가있다. 넷째, 본연구는후향적분석으로치료이후초광범위형광안저혈관조영술검사를다시시행한경우가많지않아, 치료전후망막혈관누출정도의변화등을분석하지못하였다. 치료이후초광범위형광안저혈관조영술검사를시행하여혈관누출및시신경과형광의변화양상을분석하는연구등이추가로고려되어야하겠다. 본연구는제주도지역눈개회충증환자들을대상으로국내최초로초광범위안저촬영술을이용하여질병의임상양상및치료후결과를분석하였다. 시골지역눈개회충증환자들은혈청 Toxocara canis IgG 역가가기존연구에비해높았고, 육아종뿐아니라유리체혼탁의빈도가높았으며, 초광범위형광안저혈관조영술검사상높은빈도로망막주변부의혈관누출이관찰되었다. 초광범위안저촬영기법을통해기존의안저촬영기를통해관찰할수없는부위에서육아종이관찰된빈도가높았으며, 육아종의이동이나관해등변화양상을가시적으로평가하는데유용하였다. 경구 prednisolone과 albendazole 복합치료는전방염증과유리체혼탁개선에효과적이었으며, 유의한시력호전과재발률감소를초래하였다. REFERENCES 1) Ahn SJ, Ryoo NK, Woo SJ. Ocular toxocariasis: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Asia Pac Allergy 2014;4: ) Stewart JM, Cubillan LD, Cunningham ET Jr. Prevalence, clinical features, and causes of vision loss among patients with ocular toxocariasis. Retina 2005;25: ) Despommier D. Toxocariasis: clinical aspects, epidemiology, medical ecology, and molecular aspects. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16: ) Despreaux R, Fardeau C, Touhami S, et al. Ocular toxocariasis: clinical features and long-term visual outcomes in adult patients. Am J Ophthalmol 2016;166: ) Ahn SJ, Woo SJ, Jin Y, et al. Clinical features and course of ocular toxocariasis in adults. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014;8:e ) Nicholson BP, Nigam D, Miller D, et al. Comparison of wide-field fluorescein angiography and 9-field montage angiography in uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2014;157: ) Kaines A, Tsui I, Sarraf D, Schwartz S. The use of ultra wide field fluorescein angiography in evaluation and management of uveitis. Semin Opthalmol 2009;24: ) Soliman AZ, Silva PS, Aiello LP, Sun JK. Ultra-wide field retinal imaging in detection, classification, and management of diabetic retinopathy. Semin Ophthalmol 2012;27: ) Prasad PS, Oliver SC, Coffee RE, et al. Ultra wide-field angiographic characteristics of branch retinal and hemicentral retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2010;117: ) Anderson L, Friberg TR, Singh J. Ultrawide-angle retinal imaging and retinal detachment. Semin Ophthalmol 2007;22: ) Lee HW, Kim HC. A case of atypical acute retinal necrosis observed using ultra-wide-field imaging. J Korean Opthalmol Soc 2015;56: ) Bae KW, Ahn SJ, Park KH, Woo SJ. Diagnostic value of the serum anti-toxocara IgG titer for ocular toxocariasis in patients with uveitis at a tertiary hospital in Korea. Korean J Ophthalmol 2016; 30: ) Jin Y, Shen C, Huh S, et al. Serodiagnosis of toxocariasis by ELISA using crude antigen of toxocara canis larvae. Korean J Parasitol 2013;51: ) Kim YH, Huh S, Chung YB. Seroprevalence of toxocariasis amomg healthy people with eosinophilia. Korean J Parasitol 2008; 46: ) Kwon NH, Oh MJ, Lee SP, et al. The clinical impact of toxocariasis in patients with unknown eosinophilia. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;25: ) Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT; Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol 2005;140: ) Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG, Chan CC, Roberge F. Standardization of vitreal inflammatory activity in intermediate and posterior uveitis. Ophthalmology 1985;92: ) Sugar EA, Jabs DA, Altaweel MM, et al. Identifying a clinically meaningful threshold for change in uveitic macular edema evaluated by optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 2011; 152: e5. 561
9 - 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 5 호 - 19) Stevenson W, Prospero Ponce CM, Agarwal DR, et al. Epiretinal membrane: optical coherence tomography-based diagnosis and classification. Clin Ophthalmol 2016;10: ) Kang HM, Lee SC. Long-term progression of retinal vasculitis in Behçet patients using a fluorescein angiography scoring system. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014;252: ) Kim M, Kwon HJ, Choi EY, et al. Correlation between fluorescein angiographic findings and visual acuity in Behçet retinal vasculitis. Yonsei Med J 2015;56: = 국문초록 = 초광범위안저촬영술을이용한제주도지역에서의눈개회충증의임상양상분석 목적 : 제주도지역에서의눈개회충증환자들을초광범위안저촬영술을이용하여그임상양상을분석하고, 치료후결과를보고하고자한다. 대상과방법 : 임상양상과혈청학적검사를통해눈개회충증으로진단된환자 37 명 40 안을후향적으로분석하였다. 병력청취와말초혈액검사를진행하였고, 초광범위안저촬영술과빛간섭단층촬영을이용하여진단당시안저소견, 치료후시력및안저소견의변화를평가하였다. 결과 : 환자의평균연령은 57.9 세였으며 Toxocara canis IgG 의평균역가는 ± 이었다. 안저소견으로유리체혼탁 (63.6%) 과육아종 (60%) 의빈도가높았으며, 기존의안저촬영기를통해관찰할수없는부위에서육아종이관찰된경우가 15 안 (62.5%) 이었다. 초광범위형광안저혈관조영술검사상주변부혈관누출이 16 안 (69.6%) 에서동반되었다. 경구 prednisolone 과 albendazole 복합치료를한경우, 평균 0.19 ± 0.07 logmar 의시력개선을보였고 (p=0.031), 전방내염증및유리체혼탁이유의하게호전되었으며, prednisolone 단독치료에비해유의하게재발률이낮았다 (p=0.049). 결론 : 제주도지역의눈개회충증환자들은혈청 Toxocara canis IgG 의평균역가가높았고, 육아종뿐아니라유리체혼탁의빈도가높았다. 초광범위안저촬영술을통해기존의안저촬영기로확인할수없었던주변부병변및혈관누출을확인할수있었고, 눈개회충증의진단과치료후경과관찰의평가에유용한검사임을알수있었다. 경구 prednisolone 과 albendazole 복합치료는염증의호전과시력개선및재발률감소에효과적이었다. < 대한안과학회지 2017;58(5): > 562
<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More informationA 617
Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R
More information012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More information김범수
Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis
More information( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More information386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
More information(
317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,
More information한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구
한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -
More information04조남훈
Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache
More information(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re
EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern
More information388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR
6 3 2000 ; 387-392 (3) Dysplastic Nodule Young Nyun Park, M.D., Chanil Park, M.D. Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine BRIEF HISTORY 56. AST/ALT 72/73 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.7
More information노영남
Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -
More informationPharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ
Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
More information12이문규
Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental
More informationAbstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie
Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung
More information자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr
Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More information- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α
More information13 JKOS hwp
대한안과학회지 2018 년제 59 권제 10 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2018;59(10):984-988 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2018.59.10.984 Case Report 유리체강내애플리버셉트주사후급격히진행한망막앞막 Rapid
More information2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285
13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914
More information원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현
원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함
More information<32332D31322D303228C0CCBAB4B7CE2DC0CCBBF3C7F E687770>
대한안과학회지 2014 년제 55 권제 7 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(7):1106-1110 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.7.1106 Case Report 칸디다맥락망막염에합병된맥락막신생혈관에서유리체강내베바시주맙주입술치료 Intravitreal
More information<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>
Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한
More information전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)
전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -
More information황지웅
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic
More information¼Û±âÇõ
223 Table 1. Results of FEV 1.0, Methacholine Challenge Test, and Exercise Provocation Test in Eight Patients Who Performed PFT Pts Tests 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FEV 1.0 (%pred) 66.6 88.8 120 101 90.5 95.4 91.6
More information달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있
대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준
More information03-서연옥.hwp
농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥
More informationºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö
case of brugada syndrome presented as chest pain STRCT rugada syndrome was described in 1992 as a new clinical entity characterized by electrocardiographic STsegment elevation in the right precordial leads
More information139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More informationJksvs019(8-15).hwp
Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The
More information09권오설_ok.hwp
(JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction
More information기관고유연구사업결과보고
기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106
More information03이경미(237~248)ok
The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).
More information<32342D30362D313328B1E8C0AFC3B62DC3D6BCBABFF E687770>
대한안과학회지 2014 년제 55 권제 4 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(4):623-627 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.4.623 Case Report 당뇨망막병증환자에서의망막지혈증 Lipemia Retinalis in a Patient
More informationCan032.hwp
Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory
More information4. 톡소플라즈마 감염에 대한 혈액검사 그림 2. 톡소플라즈마증에 대한 혈액검사 톡소플라즈마에 대한 IgG 및 IgM 항체 검사를 통해 간단하게 과거 감염 또는 현재 감염 여부를 알 수 있으므로 혈액검사를 통해 현재 감염의 진단뿐 아니라 추후 예방 및 생활습관의 개선에
애완동물과 관련된 기생충 감염 톡소플라즈마증과 톡소카라증 톡소플라즈마증(Toxoplasmosis). 톡소플라즈마증이란? 톡소플라즈마증은 톡소플라즈마 곤디(Toxoplasma gondii)라는 단세포 기생충에 의한 감염으로, 이 기생충은 일생의 대부분을 고양이 몸 속에서 보냅니다. 톡소플라즈마는 고양이와 쥐 등을 숙주로 삼는 기생충으로, 고양이의 소화기관에서만
More information< D31312D303228B9DABBF3BFEC2DC0CCC1D8BCBA292D E687770>
대한안과학회지 2009 년제 50 권제 11 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50(11):1674-1679 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2009.50.11.1674 = 증례보고 = 접수번호 : 50-11-11-02 망막신경섬유층사진과주파수배가시야검사계의녹내장조기진단능력의비교 이준성 1 허환 1 박상우 1 양건진 2 전남대학교의과대학안과학교실
More information<31382D31372D B9DABCBAC7A52DB1E8C7D1BEF E687770>
대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 7 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(7):870-874 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2017.58.7.870 Case Report 성인코우츠병에서유리체강내라니비주맙주입술을시행한 1 예
More information歯채민병.PDF
Patient number Sex Age Animal contact 1 F 36 No 2 F 31 Cat scratch Result of biopsy/aspiration cytology of lymph nodes Chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis, compatible with tuberculous
More information<32352D30312D303628B1C7BFC0BFF52DB0ADC7F6BDC E687770>
= 증례보고 = 침술에의한안구천공과시야장애 1 예 대한안과학회지 2013 년제 54 권제 9 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2013;54(9):1475-1479 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2013.54.9.1475 강현승 이동규 임수진 김형은 권오웅 누네안과병원
More informationÀÇÇа�ÁÂc00Ì»óÀÏ˘
Common Allergic Diseases in Children Sang - Il Lee, M.D. Department of pediatrics Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center E - mail : silee@smc.samsung.co.kr Abstract Allergy
More informationKaes025.hwp
고위험군유두상갑상선암환자에대한방사성옥소최대허용선량측정법및치료법의검증 Verification of Measurement Methods and Therapeutic Efficacy of Maximum Permissible Dose of I-131 in High Risk Patients with Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer
More informationKIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소
1 의사학 제24권 제1호(통권 제49호) 2015년 4월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː1-34 Apr 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.1 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 간호부 이정숙의 독립운동 김숙영* 1. 서론 2. 본론 1) 출생에서 정신여학교 수학시절까지
More information( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
More information<32332D31322D313628C0CCBDC2BFEC2DBCD5BFB5BFEC E687770>
대한안과학회지 2015 년제 56 권제 5 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(5):789-793 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2015.56.5.789 Case Report 안부대상포진환자에서다양한합병증이동반된 1 예 Case
More informationKbcs002.hwp
Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,
More information590호(01-11)
T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government
More informationIL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) l l l α β α β β α β β α β 목적 (Background/Aims): 위암의가족력과 Helicobacter pylori 감염은각각위암발생의위험인자로알려져있으나,
More informationÆ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š
Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding
More informationECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of
More information975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호
Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT
More information433대지05박창용
Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This
More informationl l l l l l l l l Lee, Geon Kook None This project was designed to establish the Tumor Bank of National Cancer Center in 2000. From the first tumor sample in 2000, the total of tumor and tumor-related
More informationγ
경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical
More information( )Kju225.hwp
비임균성비뇨생식기감염에서 의진단적효용성 Usefulness of the Mycofast Test (MYCOFAST Evolution 2) for the Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Genitourinary Infections Hang Ro Park, Yang Hyun Kim, Ho Jae Lee, Jea Sang Oh, Hyoung Jin
More information< D BAFBB0A3BCB7B4DCC3FEC3D4BFB5C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120C1A4BBF32C20B3ECB3BBC0E5C0C7C1F52C20C3CAB1E220B3ECB3BBC0E5BFA1BCADC0C720BAAFB
빛간섭단층촬영을이용한정상, 녹내장의증, 초기녹내장에서의변수비교분석 1379 1380 Table 1. Criteria for each subject Enrolled group Criteria All subjects Best corrected visual acuity >0.5 Refractive error
More informationYI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w
497 의사학 제24권 제2호(통권 제50호) 2015년 8월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː497-532 Aug 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.497 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 역시만필( 歷 試 漫 筆 ) 의 사례로 재구성한 조선후기 여성의 삶과 질병
More information< D30332D313928B9DABFB5BCF72DB9AEBBF3BFF8292D E687770>
대한안과학회지 2009 년제 50 권제 10 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50(10):1595-1599 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2009.50.10.1595 = 증례보고 = 접수번호 : 50-10-03-19 일스병에서유리체강내베바시주맙주입술의효과 문상원 1 송유미 1 조희윤 1 이병로 1 손준홍 2 박영숙 2 한양대학교의과대학안과학교실
More information54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3
27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,
More information歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF
The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)
More informationK O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 5 No. 41 www.cdc.go.kr/phwr 2012 10 12 5 41 ISSN:2005-811X Comparison of drug-susceptibility test to the anti-tuberculosis
More information<32332D30342D323128C3A4C1D6BAB42DC7F6BBF3C0B E687770>
대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 1 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(1):150-154 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.1.150 Case Report 안면부대상포진이후발생한다발성장액성맥락망막병증 1 예
More informationTreatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy
Treatment and Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Chung-Ang University Hospital Chee Jeong Kim 7.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.5 1 1 2 3 4 10 11 7 34 49 122 123 1.0 - - 10. 2001 1998 1998 Improvement of postmenopausal
More informationJkbcs016(92-97).hwp
Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean
More information135 Jeong Ji-yeon 심향사 극락전 협저 아미타불의 제작기법에 관한 연구 머리말 협저불상( 夾 紵 佛 像 )이라는 것은 불상을 제작하는 기법의 하나로써 삼베( 麻 ), 모시( 苧 ), 갈포( 葛 ) 등의 인피섬유( 靭 皮 纖 維 )와 칠( 漆 )을 주된 재료
MUNHWAJAE Korean Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies Vol. 47. No. 1, March 2014, pp.134~151. Copyright 2014, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage 심향사 극락전 협저 아미타불의 제작기법에 관한 연구 정지연 a 明 珍 素 也
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales
More information<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770>
김경환 박병호 충북대학교 도시공학과 (2010. 5. 27. 접수 / 2011. 11. 23. 채택) Developing the Traffic Severity by Type Kyung-Hwan Kim Byung Ho Park Department of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University (Received May
More informationÆ÷Àå82š
Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose
More information15-JKOS (김정림-김동근)1425.hwp
대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 12 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(12):1425-1430 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2017.58.12.1425 Case Report 원발개방각녹내장환자에서발생한시신경유두부종 1
More information( )Kjhps043.hwp
Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,
More information< D31322D313828C0CCC1A4C8F12DB9AEBCB1B0E6292D E687770>
대한안과학회지 2009 년제 50 권제 8 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50(8):1232-1236 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2009.50.8.1232 = 증례보고 = 접수번호 : 50-08-12-18 황반부종에대한베바시주맙유리체강내주사의효과 문선경 1 이수영 2 이정희 1 이화여자대학교의학전문대학원안과학교실 1, 국립의료원안과
More informationJkcs022(89-113).hwp
대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo
More information레이아웃 1
대한위장관기질종양연구회 01 GIST 06 02 11 03 Imatinib 14 04 05 06 07 Sunitinib 32 40 44 48 GIST 6 01 7 GIST Guide book GIST 8 01 9 GIST Guide book GIST (CT) MRI FDG-PET 10 02 11 GIST Guide book 12 02 (Imatinib)
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:21~34 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/19, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] With the development of the Internet,
More information<31352D30392D303128C0E5BFB5BCAE2DB1E8C3BBC8AF E687770>
대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 2 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(2):264-275 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.2.264 Original Article 스펙트럼영역빛간섭단층촬영을이용한한국인의연령과성별에따른황반부층별두께연구
More information16_이주용_155~163.hwp
사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin
More informationhwp
대한안과학회지 2018 년제 59 권제 6 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2018;59(6):511-518 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2018.59.6.511 Original Article 급성중심장액맥락망막병증에서경구스피로놀락톤과단순경과관찰의단기임상결과비교
More information12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm
J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and
More information???? 1
The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial
More informationTrd022.hwp
김신태, 이선녕, 이석정, 정필문, 박홍준, 신명상, 김종환, 이부길, 김상하, 리원연, 신계철, 용석중 Shin-Tae Kim, M.D., Shun Nyung Lee, M.D., Seok Jeong Lee, M.D., Pil Moon Jung, M.D., Hong Jun Park, M.D., Myung Sang Shin, M.D., Chong Whan Kim,
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 5 : 1031~1039 May. 2015 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과 및 기여도 분석 김방룡 1 홍재표 2* Economic
More information< FB5B5BAF1B6F32C20B8F1C2F D34292E687770>
Case Report J Sasang Constitut Med 2014;26(4):379-388 http://dx.doi.org/10.7730/jscm.2014.26.4.379 Abstract A Case Study of Soyangin Patient with Hyperhidrosis Treated Successfully with Hyungbangsabaek-san(
More information<31302D31362D C8B2BFB5C8C62DB1E8B9CEB0E E687770>
대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 4 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(4):437-442 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2017.58.4.437 Original Article 시신경유두좌우뒤바뀜이있는눈의망막신경섬유층및황반부신경절세포두께
More information878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu
한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
More informationuntitled
대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea
More information<3031312D30312D303528B9DABCBAC8F12DC3D6C1D8C8A3293535392D3536342E687770>
= 증례보고 = 대한안과학회지 2012년 제 53 권 제 4 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(4):559-564 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.4.559 만성 안질환 환자들의 운전 행태에 대한 설문 조사 최준호 조아란 하승주 최경식
More information2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )
Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee
More information02 로봇수술센터 300례 달성 캄보디아 현지 수술로 유방암, 갑상선암 22건 집도 현지 외과의사 양성 프로그램도 적극 지원 예정 <1면에 이어서> 수술은 오전 8시부터 저녁 7시까지 계속됐다. 이번 캠프에 참여한 장여구 교수는 "NGO단체인 헤브론병원이 정부로부터 외
生命尊重, 人間사랑을 實踐하는 世界 속의 海雲臺白病院 끊임없이 硏究하는 最尖端 病院 地域에 奉仕하는 信賴받는 病院 인제대학교 患者에게 感動주는 親切한 病院 仁濟大學校 海雲臺白病院 消息紙 해운대백병원 소식지 INJE UNIVERSITY HAEUNDAE PAIK HOSPITAL NEWS 부산광역시 해운대구 해운대로 8 7 5 No.31 대표전화 051-797-0100,
More informationKor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of
More informationAbstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,
More informationAnalysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
More information