CASE REPORT PEDIATRIC INFECTION & VACCINE pissn eissn Pediatr Infect Vaccine 2017;24:60-64 DOI:
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1 CASE REPORT pissn eissn Pediatr Infect Vaccine 2017;24:60-64 DOI: 강하영외 3인 : 가와사키병에서나타난급성 음낭증 1예 가와사키병에서나타난급성음낭증 1 예 강하영 ᆞ 주은영 ᆞ 김동현 ᆞ 홍영진 인하대학교의과대학소아과학교실 Acute Scrotum in an Infant with Kawasaki Disease Ha Young Kang, Eun Young Joo, Dong Hyun Kim, Young Jin Hong Department of Pediatrics, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, the Republic of Korea Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that occurs predominantly in infants and young children. The etiology of KD is unknown and coronary heart disease is a major complication of KD. Acute scrotum is a rare complication of acute KD, and not as well recognized as other manifestations of the disease. We report a 2-month-old boy with acute scrotum in the acute phase of KD. He was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (total 2 g/kg) and aspirin (50 mg/kg/day). The treatment was effective in resolving his fever and other clinical symptoms, but 2 days after starting treatment he experienced scrotal swelling. Scrotal ultrasound and transillumination were used in the diagnosis of acute scrotum. After 2 months, a follow-up testicular ultrasound revealed a remission of the acute scrotum. Subsequently, he has been followed up for KD. Key Words: Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome; Testicular hydrocele; Urological manifestations 서론 가와사키병은전신성혈관염으로주로영아와 5 세미만 의어린소아들에게발병하는급성질환이다 년일 본의 Tomisaku Kawasaki 에의해급성열성피부점막임 파절증후군이라는이름으로처음보고되었으며현재아 시아를비롯하여전세계적으로다양한인종에서많은예 가보고되고있다 1). 가와사키병의주요합병증은관상동 맥류또는관상동맥확장증으로, 관상동맥합병증이발생 한소아들이성인이되었을때심각한심혈관계후유증이 접수 : 2016 년 9 월 5 일수정 : 2016 년 10 월 5 일승인 : 2016 년 10 월 12 일 책임저자 : 홍영진인하대학교의과대학소아과학교실 Tel: 032) , Fax: 032) hongyjin@inha.ac.kr 나타날수있다 2). 심장외의여러합병증이동반될수있는데, 일시적인얼굴신경마비나급성복증을나타낼수있으며담낭의급성무결석확장을보이는담낭수종은가와사키병환자의 15% 까지동반되어나타나는것으로보고되어있다. 이외에도폐결절및폐침윤, 흉막삼출액, 혈구탐식증후군등이드물게나타날수있으며, 이중고환침범은가와사키병의다른증상들에비해잘알려지지않은드문합병증으로알려져있다 3). 저자들은가와사키병으로진단된후급성음낭증이동반되어나타난 2개월환아를경험하였기에문헌고찰과함께보고하는바이다. 증례 생후 2개월된남아가내원당일발생한 39 의발열을주소로본원응급실을통해입원하였다. 열이외의동반된다른증상은없었다. 환아는재태연령 39주 1일, 3.76 kg, 60
2 Pediatr Infect Vaccine Vol.24, No.1, 2017 자연분만으로출생하였으며주산기적문제는없었다. 건강하게지내왔으며과거고환부종을포함한특이질환의병력은없었고, 2남매중둘째로특이가족력또한없었다. 입원당시환아의신장은 59 cm ( 범위, 50% 75%), 체중은 7 kg ( 범위, 95% 97%) 이었고, 활력징후는혈압 90/40 mm Hg, 심박수 128회 / 분, 호흡수 36회 / 분, 체온 37.3 였다. 결막은창백하지않았고입술과혀는건조하지않았다. 인후편도의발적과비대는없었으며, 양측고막의발적및부종도관찰되지않았다. 경부진찰시만져지는림프절이나종괴는없었다. 흉곽은대칭적으로팽창하였고흉부함몰은관찰되지않았으며, 흉부청진시심음은규칙적이었고심잡음이들리지않았으며폐청진음에서양폐야에저명한악설음은없었다. 복부는부드럽고장음항진은없었으며간종대, 비종대도없었고, 만져지는종괴도없었다. 입원당시혈액검사에서백혈구 14,270/mm 3 ( 호중구 55.3%), 헤마토크리트 35.9%, 혈소판 500,000/mm 3, C- 반응단백 3.25 mg/dl, 알부민 4.6 g/dl, 적혈구침강속도 21 mm/hr이었으며, 간기능검사는아스파트산아미노기전달효소 36 IU/L, 알라닌아미노기전달효소 28 IU/L, 총빌리루빈 0.7 mg/dl이었다. 소변검사에서특이소견은없었다. 환아는입원후끙끙거리며컨디션악화되어입원 2일째척수검사를시행하였으며특이소견은보이지않았다. 발열이있은지 3일째에전신발진과결핵예방접종부위의발적이나타났으며혈액검사에서백혈구 9,970/mm ( 호중구 70.8%), C-반응단백 mg/dl, 적혈구침강속도 29 mm/hr로증가하였고, 4일째에양안결막충혈과입술이붉어지며양쪽손과발등부종을보이며적혈구 침강속도 42 mm/hr 로증가하여가와사키병으로진단후 아스피린 50 mg/kg/day 와함께발열 5 일째에면역글로 불린 2 g/kg 를투여하였다 (Fig. 1). 치료후하루동안열 이호전되었으나그다음날다시발열이있으며고환부 종이시작되었다. 고환은투과검사상종괴는없었으나점 차색이붉게변하며크기가커지는모습을보였다 (Fig. 2). 초음파검사상정삭 (spermatic cord) 침범없이양쪽음 낭에물이차있으며음낭벽비후와혈관분포가증가된 소견을보여급성음낭증으로진단되었다 (Fig. 3). 환아는 Fig. 2. Both scrotal swelling appeared on day 7. The swelling and crust were more severe in the left side. Illness day IVIG 2 g/kg/day iv Bilateral conjunctival injection Erythematous lips, strawberry tongue Polymorphous rash Edema of hands and feet Scrotal swelling Fig. 1. Clinical course of patient. Abbreviations: IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; iv, intravenous. 61
3 강하영외 3 인 : 가와사키병에서나타난급성음낭증 1 예 Fig. 3. Transverse gray-scale ultrasound image of the testicle showed bilateral complex fluid collection with internal echogenic materials in the right scrotal sac and multiple septations in the left scrotal sac. The image also demonstrated bilateral scrotal wall thickening with increased vascularity. 열이재발한지하루만에열과다른증상들이호전되어 2 일후부터아스피린 5 mg/kg/day로감량하여투여하였으며, 추적관찰기간동안고환크기가점차감소하며가와사키병발병으로부터 2달째에완전히호전되었다. 병의급성기와추적관찰기간에도관상동맥확장증이나심낭삼출액은없었다. 고찰 가와사키병은주로영아와 5세미만의어린소아들에게발병하는전신성혈관염으로, 병인과병태생리가아직은명확히밝혀져있지않으나특정감염후체내의면역반응에의해가와사키병이유발됨을시사하는여러연구결과들이보고되고있다. 4가지이하의임상증상을만족하며심장초음파검사에서관상동맥이상이발견된경우불완전혹은부정형가와사키병으로진단하게된다 4-6). 이유는알수없으나가와사키병의발병률은 2000년이후우리나라와일본에서지속적으로증가추세를보이고있으며 년까지유병률은 1년에 5세이하의소아 10만명당 113.1명으로일본에이어세계에서 2번째로높은유병률을기록하였다 7). 가와사키병의주요합병증은관상동맥류또는관상동맥확장증으로열이난지 10일이내에정맥면역글로불린으로치료한환아의 5% 정도에서발생하나치료하지않을 경우발생률이 15% 25% 에이르게되며가와사키병은소아의후천적심장질환의주요원인으로알려져있다 8-10). 부정형가와사키병은특히 6 개월이하의소아에서발 생빈도가높으며임상진단이어렵기때문에치료가늦어 지게되는경우가많아심각한후유증및치명률이높은것 으로보고되고있어주의를요한다 3,11). 갑작스런음낭의부종과통증을주소로하는음낭의병 적상태를급성음낭증이라고하며고환괴사, 불임등의 후유증을막기위한조기진단및치료가중요하다. 원인 은음낭수종, 고환염전, 고환염, 부고환염, 외상등다양하 며, 가와사키병환아에서나타나는급성음낭증은드문합 병증이다 3,12,13). Jibiki 등 14) 은가와사키병에서고환침범이 나타난이전증례보고 10 개와직접경험한 2 개의증례를 함께정리하여보고한바있다. 가와사키병에서고환침범 이나타난최초의증례보고는 1980 년 Connolly 와 Timmons 15) 의증례로, 72 개월남아에서가와사키병발병 5 일 째에고환의발적과부종이나타났으며대증치료와함께 호전되었다. 이후부터현재까지보고된증례 12 건을살펴 보면연령은 5 72 개월로분포하고가와사키병발열로부 터 4 18 일이내에고환침범이나타났으며발적은없는 때도있었으나고환부종은모든경우에서확인되었다. 음 낭수종또는고환염으로진단되어저자들이경험한본증 례의환아와같이대증치료하며대개 1 2 달이내에호 전되는경과를보였으나 2 개의증례에서는수술적치료가 필요하였다. 증례의환아중 4 명에서관상동맥합병증이 함께동반되었다 14-20). 급성음낭증은가와사키병의급성 62
4 Pediatr Infect Vaccine Vol.24, No.1, 2017 기에서고환동맥염과동반된고환염또는부고환염에의한급성음낭부종에기인하거나혈관투과성증가로인해나타나는것으로생각된다 14,18). 본증례의경우가와사키병의전형적인임상양상을보인 2개월남아가드문합병증으로알려진급성음낭증이동반되어나타났다. 급성음낭증은대개대증치료하며자연호전되는경과를보여간과되기쉬우나, 호전되지않거나추가적인합병증이발생할경우수술적치료까지필요할수있어주의깊은관찰을필요로한다. 저자들은우리나라에서는가와사키병에급성음낭증이동반되어나타난증례가보고된적이없으며현재까지보고된다른나라증례에서보다어린 2개월의환아에게나타난예를경험하였기에본증례를보고하는바이다. References 1. Kawasaki T. Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvement with specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children. Arerugi 1967;16: Tsuda E, Matsuo M, Naito H, Noguchi T, Nonogi H, Echigo S. Clinical features in adults with coronary arterial lesions caused by presumed Kawasaki disease. Cardiol Young 2007; 17: Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Gerber MA, Gewitz MH, Tani LY, Burns JC, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Circulation 2004;110: Levy M, Koren G. Atypical Kawasaki disease: analysis of clinical presentation and diagnostic clues. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1990;9: Friedman AD. An atypical presentation of Kawasaki syndrome in an infant. Pediatr Dermatol 1988;5: Joffe A, Kabani A, Jadavji T. Atypical and complicated Kawasaki disease in infants. Do we need criteria? West J Med 1995;162: Uehara R, Belay ED. Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in Asia, Europe, and the United States. J Epidemiol 2012;22: Kato H, Sugimura T, Akagi T, Sato N, Hashino K, Maeno Y, et al. Long-term consequences of Kawasaki disease. A 10- to 21-year follow-up study of 594 patients. Circulation 1996;94: Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Gerber MA, Shulman ST, Ferrieri P, Freed M, et al. Diagnosis and therapy of Kawasaki disease in children. Circulation 1993;87: Neuwirth CA, Singh H. Intercostal artery aneurysm in a child with Kawasaki disease and known coronary artery aneurysms. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010;21: Sonobe T, Kiyosawa N, Tsuchiya K, Aso S, Imada Y, Imai Y, et al. Prevalence of coronary artery abnormality in incomplete Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Int 2007;49: Oh DK, Kim SJ, Ahn HS. Experiences of 313 cases of acute scrotum: properties of acute epididymitis and differential diagnosis of testicular torsion. Korean J Urol 2002;43: Schul MW, Keating MA. The acute pediatric scrotum. J Emerg Med 1993;11: Jibiki T, Sakai T, Saitou T, Kanazawa M, Ide T, Fujita M, et al. Acute scrotum in Kawasaki disease: two case reports and a literature review. Pediatr Int 2013;55: Connolly KD, Timmons D. Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with testicular involvement. Ir J Med Sci 1980;149: Katayama O, Murakami M. A case of Kawasaki disease with scrotum hydrops. Jpn J Pediatr 1981;34: Sacco M, Ciliberti A, D Angelo AM, Giammario N, Lotti F. La malattia di Kawasaki presentatione di tre casi. Acta Paediatr Lat 1990;43: Kabani A, Joffe A, Jadavji T. Hydrocele in Kawasaki disease: importance in early recognition of atypical disease. Am J Dis Child 1991;145: Sacco MC, Meleleo D, Castriota Scanderbeg A. Hydrocele in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Med Chir 1995;17: Pavone P, Nicolini A, Armenia R, D'Orazio A, Nunnari G, Nicolini E. Kawasaki's disease with paralytic ileus. A case report. Minerva Pediatr 2006;58:
5 강하영외 3 인 : 가와사키병에서나타난급성음낭증 1 예 요약 급성음낭증은갑작스런음낭의부종과통증을주소로하는음낭의병적상태를말하는것으로가와사키의드문합병증으로알려져있다. 저자들은급성음낭증을동반한가와사키병으로진단된 2개월남자환아를경험하였으며, 환아는정맥면역글로불린및아스피린투여후발열과가와사키병의임상증상들이호전되었고 2달째에고환초음파검사에서급성음낭증의호전을확인하고심장초음파검사에서관상동맥합병증이보이지않아치료를종료하였다. 64
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Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R
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