45 3, (2018) Korean J. Poult. Sci. Vol.45, No.3, (2018) Effect of Spraying Cham

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45 3, 193 200 (2018) Koren J. Poult. Sci. Vol.45, No.3, 193 200 (2018) https://doi.org/10.5536/kjps.2018.45.3.193 193 1 2 3 4 Effect of Sprying Chmecypris obtus Essentil Oil on the Elimintion of Red

1 45 3, (2018) Koren J. Poult. Sci. Vol.45, No.3, (2018) Effect of Sprying Chmecypris obtus Essentil Oil on the Elimintion of Red Mite (Dermnyssus glline) in Lying Hens Chun Ik Lim 1, Seung Gyu Prk 2, Ho Sung Choe 3 nd Kyeong Seon Ryu 4 1 Student, Deprtment of Animl Science, Chonbuk Ntionl University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Kore 2 Resercher, ClTecBio Incorported, Pocheon 11183, Republic of Kore 3 Professor, Deprtment of Animl Biotechnology, Chonbuk Ntionl University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Kore 4 Professor, Deprtment of Animl Science, Chonbuk Ntionl University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Kore ABSTRACT The purpose of this study ws to evlute the influence nd sfety of sprying Frm Clen-S (FC-S) contining 70% Chmecypris obtus essentil oil on the elimintion of red mite in lying hens. In totl, 300 lying hens (ISA brown) ged 72 weeks nd infected with red mite were ssigned to individul cges for five tretments with five replictes for 18 dys. Tretments consisted of distilled wter (negtive control; NC), commercil spry product (positive control; PC), FC-S 0 (originl concentrtion), FC-S 50 (50 times diluted) nd FC-S 100 (100 times diluted). The number of red mites, egg production nd weight of ech group were evluted dily throughout the whole experimentl period. Egg qulity nd blood biochemicl prmeters were mesured t the end of the experiment. Sfety tests were confirmed by feed intke, respirtion, lethrgy, dirrhe nd mortlity symptoms fter the feeding tril. As the result, more thn 80% of red mites were eliminted by the FC-S 0 spry tretment, nd FC-S 50 lso showed higher elimintion percentge thn did PC (P). However, the elimintion effect of the FC-S 100 spry ws lower thn tht of the PC, but higher thn tht of the NC (P). These results confirmed tht the optimum FC-S dilution rte rnged from 0 50 times with distilled wter to eliminte the red mite effectively. The performnce, egg qulity, blood prmeter nd sfety tests were not significntly different mong tretments. Thus, FC-S 0 nd FC-S 50 spry tretments cn effectively nd sustinbly control red mite infesttions without detrimentl effects on the performnce, egg qulity nd plsm biochemicl properties of lying hens. (Key words: Chmecypris obtus essentil oil, egg qulity, lying hens, performnce, red mite) (Dermnyssus glline),. (Flochly et l., 2017), (Kilpinen et l., 2005)., (George et l., 2009; Mullens et l., 2010),, (Vliente Moro et l., 2007). (pyrethroid), (orgno phosphorus) (crbmte),, (Dlton nd Mulchy, 2001),. (essentil oil) To whom correspondence should be ddressed : seon@jbnu.c.kr

2 194 : (Kim nd Kim, 2010; Abdelftth et l., 2018). (George et l., 2009b)., (Chmecypris obtus) (phytoncide) (Mori nd Mitzki, 2002), (Dermtophgoides pteronyssinus) (Hirmtsu nd Miyzki, 2001; Kim et l., 2009).,. 70% ( -S),, , 100 lctophenol cotton blue 45 1., (Di Plm et l., 2012). -S (FC-S, Tble 1). FC-S 0(, FC-S 0), 50 (FC-S 50) 100 (FC-S 100), (negtive control; NC) (positive control; PC). 72 ISA Brown ( / : 70 cm 40 cm 50 cm /6 ) 2, Tble 1. Composition of essentil oil product (FC-S) Composition % Checypris obtus essentil oil 70 Clcium hydroxide 2.5 Polysorbte 2.4 Distilled wter 25.1 Totl m ml.,, 16.. (Fig. 1, : 10 cm 10 cm) 2,.., (QCM+; TSS, UK), (QC-SPA; TSS, UK) (FHK, Jpn). 10, (Automtic Biochemicl Anlyser, Thermo Scientitic, Konelb 20, Finlnd). 10,

Lim et l. : Effect of Sprying Chmecypris obtus Essentil Oil on the Elimintion of Red Mite 195 Fig. 1. Crdbord trp of red mite (closed nd opened). 사, 호흡기 증상, 침울 및 설사증상을 조사하였다.

3 Lim et l. : Effect of Sprying Chmecypris obtus Essentil Oil on the Elimintion of Red Mite 195 Fig. 1. Crdbord trp of red mite (closed nd opened). 사, 호흡기 증상, 침울 및 설사증상을 조사하였다. 1차 살포 를 마친 후 7일까지 상태를 조사하였고, 다시 2차 살포를 하 여 14일까지의 이상증상을 확인하였다. 4. 통계처리 안전성 검사를 제외한 모든 데이터는 SAS(Sttisticl 의 ANOVA로 분석하였고, 처리구간 값을 Duncn(1955)의 다중검정방법 을 통하여 95%로 유의성을 검정하였다. Anlysis System, 9.2 Version, Cry, NC, 2002) 결 과 1. 닭진드기 동정 닭에 기생하는 진드기는 대부분이 닭진드기종(Dermmyssus glline)에 속하지만, 그 외에도 닭작은진드기(Ornithonyssus sylvirum), 열대진드기(Ornithonyssus burs), 탈모옴 진드기(Knemidocoptes glline), 비늘다리진드기(Knemidocoptes mutns) 및 비늘피부진드기(Epidermoptes bilobtus) 의 기생이 가능하다. 본 사양실험에 앞서 Di Plm et l. (2012)의 방법에 준용하여 산란계가 감염된 진드기의 종류 에 대해 조사하였다(Fig. 2). 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과로 진드기의 등 부분에 방패모양의 갑각을 확인하였으며(f), 갑 각에 무늬와 털이 존재한다(g, h). 또한 한 쌍의 외생식공(i) 과 다리의 강모가 확인되어(j) 형태학적으로 닭진드기의 특 징과 모두 일치하였고, 본 실험에 이용된 진드기는 닭진드 기임을 확인하였다. 2. FC-S 농도별 살포가 닭진드기에 미치는 영향 닭진드기에 감염된 산란계에 FC-S의 농도별 살포시에 잔 류하는 닭진드기 수와 비율에 미치는 영향은 Tble 2에 나 타내었다. 1차 살포 후 6일간 닭진드기 숫자와 비율은 FC-S 0 처리구에서 다른 처리구에 비하여 매우 감소하였다(P). 또한 FC-S 50 처리구에서도 닭진드기 제거는 PC 처리구보 다 우수하였고, FC-S 100 처리구는 PC 살포시에 나타났던 진드기 제거 효과와 유사하였지만 NC 처리구에 비하여 효 율적으로 닭진드기를 제거하였다(P). 닭진드기 제거를 위하여 FC-S를 2차로 살포 후에는 FC-S 0 처리구에서 닭진 드기 숫자와 비율은 유의적으로 감소되었다(P<0.05). 1, 2차 결과와 유사하게 3차 살포시에도 FC-S 0 처리구에서 닭진 드기의 숫자와 비율은 현저하게 감소되었으며(P), FC-S 50 처리구도 PC 에 비하여 감소되었으며, 처리구간에 통계 적으로 차이를 보였다(P). 본 실험 결과, 전체 사양실험 기간에 FC-S 0를 살포한 처리구에서 잔류한 닭진드기 숫자 와 그 비율은 마리와 19.39%가 잔류함으로써 가장 우 수한 제거효과를 나타내었으며(P), FC-S 50 처리구에 서 44.38%가 잔류되어 PC 처리구의 54.80%보다 개선되었 다. FC-S 100 처리구에서 닭진드기 셍존율은 63.15%로 PC 처리구에 비하여 그 효과가 적었지만 NC 처리구에서 생존 율 87.42%에 비하여 진드기 제거효과는 현저하게 향상되었 다(P). 3. 산란율, 난중, 사료요구율, 난백높이, 호유닛, 난각 강도 및 두께 의 살포가 산란계의 생산성과 계란품질에 미치는 영 향은 Tble 3에 나타내었다. 본 연구결과, FC-S 처리구에서 산란율은 %로 NC와 PC 처리구의 산란율과 유 FC-S

4 임 등 : 산란계에 편백나무 정유 살포가 닭진드기에 미치는 영향 196 () (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) Fig. 2. Comprison of red mite (Dermnyssus glline) photogrph nd smple photogrph. ( e): stndrd photogrph of red mite (Di Plm et l., 2012); (f j): representtive photogrph of this study mite; (, f): shield-shped crpce on the bck; (b, g): pointed hir of crpce; (c, h): existence of J1 nd S1 hirs on the crpce; (d, i): pir of epigynl pores on the crpce; (e, j): existence of bristles on the tibi IV. Tble 2. Eliminting effect of sprying FC-S on the red mite of lying hens Tretments Before spry 1st spry (1 6 d) 2nd spry (7 12 d) 3rd spry (13 18 d) Rtio (%) Rtio (%) b 51.27b b 54.80b d 16.28b d 14.59c d 19.39c 59.39b c 36.85b c 36.89bc c 44.38bc 78.70b c 43.97b b 66.77b b 63.15b , b b FC-S 0 1, b 27.31c FC-S 50 1, FC-S 100 1,326 1, SEM P vlue 0.77 Rtio (%) 48.89b PC Rtio (%) 1, , ~d ,355 1, NC Totl verge (1 18 d) Vlue within row with different letters re the sme letters in the row re significntly different t 5% level. FC-S (Frm Clen-S) included Chmecypris obtus essentil oil t 70%; NC (negtive control): distilled wter; PC (positive control): commercil spry solution for eliminting red mite; FC-S 0: FC-S undiluted; FC-S 50: FC-S diluted with 50 times distilled wter; FC-S 100: FC-S diluted with 100 times distilled wter. 사하여 처리구간에 통계적 차이가 없었으며, 난중과 사료요 구율도 전체 g과 로 처리구간에 차 이가 없었다. 난백높이는 FC-S 처리구에서 mm로 NC와 PC 처리구와 차이가 없었으며, 호유닛, 난각강도 및 두께도 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 4. 혈액분석 의 살포가 산란계의 혈액성상에 미치는 영향은 Tble 4 FC-S

5 Lim et l. : Effect of Sprying Chmecypris obtus Essentil Oil on the Elimintion of Red Mite 197 Tble 3. Effect of sprying FC-S on performnce nd egg qulity of lying hens Tretments Egg production (%) Egg weight (g) Feed conversion Albumen height (mm) Hugh unit Shell strength (kg/cm 2 ) Shell thickness (mm) NC PC FC-S FC-S FC-S SEM P vlue FC-S (Frm Clen-S) included Chmecypris obtus essentil oil t 70%; NC (negtive control): distilled wter; PC (positive control): commercil spry solution for eliminting red mite; FC-S 0: FC-S undiluted; FC-S 50: FC-S diluted with 50 times distilled wter; FC-S 100: FC-S diluted with 100 times distilled wter. Tble 4. Effect of sprying FC-S on blood composition of lying hens Tretments Albumin (g/dl) AST (IU/L) ALT (IU/L) Cholesterol (g/dl) HDL cholesterol (g/dl) Glucose (mg/dl) Protein (g/dl) Neutrl ft (mg/dl) NC , PC , FC-S , FC-S , FC-S , SEM P vlue FC-S (Frm Clen-S) included Chmecypris obtus essentil oil t 70%; NC (negtive control): distilled wter; PC (positive control): commercil spry solution for eliminting red mite; FC-S 0: FC-S undiluted; FC-S 50: FC-S diluted with 50 times distilled wter; FC-S 100: FC-S diluted with 100 times distilled wter.., FC-S, AST ALT NC PC, HDL.,,. FC-S Tble 5.,,, 1 4 FC-S FC-S 50, FC-S 50 FC-S 0 FC-S.,. (Flochly et l., 2017).

6 198 : Tble 5. Sfety test of FC-S sprying on lying hens Tretments Immeditely before sprying After 1 st sprying Immeditely fter sprying After 4 h After 1 7 d Immeditely before sprying After 2 nd sprying Immeditely fter sprying After 4 h After 1 14 d NC PC FC-S FC-S deth (4 d) FC-S Sfety test confirmed bnorml symptoms (bnorml feed intke nd respirtion, lethrgy, dirrhe nd mortlity). FC-S (Frm Clen-S) included Chmecypris obtus essentil oil t 70%; NC (negtive control): distilled wter; PC (positive control): commercil spry solution for eliminting red mite; FC-S 0: FC-S undiluted; FC-S 50: FC-S diluted with 50 times distilled wter; FC-S 100: FC-S diluted with 100 times distilled wter. (orgno phosphorous), (crbmte) (pyrethroid) (Dlton nd Mulchy, 2001), (Kim et l., 2007). thyme, cde neem, (George et l., 2009; Cmrd et l., 2018) % (Kim et l., 2004),. (Kim et l., 2009), (terpene),, (Kim nd kim, 2010; Nm nd Lee, 2013). β -thujplicin (house dust mite) (Mori nd Mitzki, 2002; Jng et l., 2005), (Hirmtsu nd Miyzki, 2001). (Tble 2), FC-S 0 80% (P). FC-S 50 PC, FC-S 100 PC NC (P).,, (George et l., 2009b)., (George et l., 2010). FC-S NC PC, (Tble 3 5). Ymuchi et l.(2014), 500 1, % FC-S 0 50,,,., FC-S, FC-S 0 50.

7 Lim et l. : Effect of Sprying Chmecypris obtus Essentil Oil on the Elimintion of Red Mite % FC-S FC-S 0 (, FC-S 0), 50 (FC-S 50) 100 (FC-S 100) (NC) (PC).,,,.,,,., FC-S 0 80% (P), FC-S 50 PC. FC-S 100 PC, NC (P). FC-S,,,., FC-S,, FC-S ( :,,,, ) Abdelftth EM, Vezzoli G, Buczkowski G, Mkgon MM 2018 Essentil oils: Effects of ppliction rte nd modlity on potentil for combting northern fowl mite infesttions. Med nd Vet Entomol 32(3):1-7. Cmrd A, Pugliese N, Bevilcqu A, Circell E, Grdoni L, George D, Gingspero A 2018 Efficcy of novel neem oil formultion (RP03 TM ) to control the poultry red mite Dermnyssus glline. Med nd Vet Entomol 32(3): 1-8. Dlton JP, Mulchy G 2001 Prsite vccines A relity? Vet Prsitol 98(3): Ding X, Yu Y, Su Z, Zhng K 2017 Effects of essentil oils on performnce, egg qulity, nutrient digestibility nd yolk ftty cid profile in lying hens. Anim Nutri 3(2): Di Plm A, Gingspero A, Cfiero MA, Germinr GS 2012 A gllery of the key chrcters to ese identifiction of Dermnyssus glline (cri: gmsid: dermnysside) nd llow differentition from Ornithonyssus sylvirum (cri: gmsid: mcronysside). Prsites nd Vectors 5(1): Duncn DB 1955 Multiple rnge nd multiple F tests. Biometrics 11(1):1-42. Flochly AS, Thoms E, Sprgno O 2017 Poultry red mite (Dermnyssus glline) infesttion: A brod impct prsitologicl disese tht still remins significnt chllenge for the egg-lying industry in Europe. Prsites nd Vectors 10(1): George DR, Sprgno OAE, Port G, Okello E, Shiel RS, Guy JH 2010 Toxicity of plnt essentil oils to different life stges of the poultry red mite, Dermnyssus glline, nd non trget invertebrtes. Med nd Vet Entomol 24(1):9-15. George DR, Smith TJ, Shiel RS, Sprgno OAE, Guy JH 2009 Mode of ction nd vribility in efficcy of plnt essentil oils showing toxicity ginst the poultry red mite, Dermnyssus glline. Vet Prsitol 161(4): George DR, Sprgno OAE, Port G, Okello E, Shiel RS, Guy JH 2009b Repellence of plnt essentil oils to Dermnyssus glline nd toxicity to the non-trget invertebrte Tenebrio molitor. Vet Prsitol 162(2): Hirmtsu Y, Miyzki Y 2001 Effect of voltile mtter from wood chips on the ctivity of house dust mites nd on the sensory evlution of humns. J Wood Sci 47(1): Jng YS, Lee CH, Kim MK, Kim JH, Lee SH, Lee HS 2005 Acricidl ctivity of ctive constituent isolted in Chmecypris obtus leves ginst Dermtophgoides spp. J Agri nd Food Chem 53(6): Kilpinen O, Roepstorff A, Permin A, Nørgrd-Nielsen G, Lwson LG, Simonsen HB 2005 Influence of Dermnyssus glline nd Ascridi glli infections on behviour nd helth of lying hens (Gllus gllus domesticus). Bri Poult Sci 46(1):26-34.

8 200 : Kim EH, Kim YU 2010 Extrction, finishing technology, nd sttus of phytoncide. Dyeing nd Finishing 5(1): Kim HS, Hn SK, Mng JY 2009 Evlutions on the deodoriztion effect nd ntibcteril ctivity of Chmecypris obtus essentil oil. Koren J Odor Res Eng 8(3): Kim SI, N YE, Yi JH, Kim BS, Ahn YJ 2007 Contct nd fumignt toxicity of orientl medicinl plnt extrcts ginst Dermnyssus glline (Acri: Dermnysside). Vet Prsitol 145(4): Kim SI, Yi JH, Tk JH, Ahn YJ 2004 Acricidl ctivity of plnt essentil oils ginst Dermnyssus glline (Acri: Dermnysside). Vet Prsitol 120(4): Mori T, Miyzki Y 2002 Effect of softwood thin veneers in ttmi on the ctivity of the house dust mite Dermtophgoides pteronyssinus. J wood Sci 48(2): Mullens BA, Chen BL, Owen JP 2010 Bek condition nd cge density determine bundnce nd sptil distribution of northern fowl mites, Ornithonyssus sylvirum, nd chicken body lice, Mencnthus strmineus, on cged lying hens. Poult Sci 89(12): Nm KY, Lee JS 2013 Antifungl ctivity nd house dust mite repellent effect of fbric dyed with Juniperus chinensis hertwood extrcts. Kore J Humn Ecol 22(6): SAS 2002 SAS/STAT Softwre for PC. SAS Institute Cry, NC, USA. Vliente Moro C, Frvlo P, Amelot M, Chuve C, Zenner L, Slvt G 2007 Coloniztion nd orgn invsion in chicks experimentlly infected with Dermnyssus glline contminted by Slmonell Enteritidis. Avin Pthol 36(4): Ymuchi K, Mnbe N, Mtsumoto Y, Ymuchi KE 2014 Exterminting effect of wood vinegr to red mites nd its sfety to chickens. J Poult Sci 51(3): Received Jul. 17, 2018, Revised Aug. 15, 2018, Accepted Aug. 28, 2018

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