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1 The Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Review 중재적내시경초음파시술 송태준ㆍ서동완 울산대학교의과대학서울아산병원내과학교실 EUS-guided Intervention Tae Jun Song, M.D. and Dong Wan Seo, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Linear array echoendoscopes were developed in the early 1990s and they have facilitated performing EUS-guided interventional procedures. The introduction of linear array echoendoscopes allows performing fine needle aspiration because the device enables tracing the path of the tip of the needle during puncture procedure. In addition to being very useful for diagnostic purpose, this device enabled us to develop various therapeutic endoscopic procedures. Therapeutic drainage procedures, including EUS-guided bile duct drainage, pancreatic pseudocyst drainage and pancreatic duct drainage, have all been more frequently performed in the last decade. In addition to the acquisition of tissue or fluid, various substances can be delivered into the target areas with EUS, with an example being an EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis/block. In this review, we describe the present place and role of interventional EUS in clinical practice. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:1-8) Key Words: Endoscopic ultrasound, Intervention 교신저자. 서동완울산대학교의과대학서울아산병원소화기내과 ( ), 서울시송파구풍납 2 동 전화 : 팩스 : 이메일 : dwseoamc@amc.seoul.kr 접수 년 1 월 13 일승인 년 1 월 20 일 서론내시경초음파는내시경선단에초음파를부착시켜장관내로삽입한후고주파를이용하여근접한영상을얻는방법으로 1980년대초에임상에소개되면서많은발전을하고있다. 복부초음파의한계인장관내공기, 복벽의지방, 그리고뼈등에의해서잘보이지않는부분까지도고해상도의영상을얻을수있는장점이있다. 특히 MHz의고주파를이용하여고해상도의영상을얻을수있기때문에소화기질환의진단과치료에많은도움을주고있다. 초기에는진단목적으로방사형내시경초음파 (radial EUS) 가주로사용되어왔다. 방사형내시경초음파는내시경종축에수직방향의영상이얻어지고검사법의습득이비교적쉬우나침습적인시술을할수없다는단점이있었다. 최근에는내시경의종축방향으로초음파가주사되어겸자공을통해삽입한천자침을초음파영상으로확인가능하여천자침을통한여러가지침습적인시술이가능한종주형내시경초음파 (linear EUS) 가점차널리사용되고있다. 현재내시경초음파는식도, 종격동, 위, 간, 담도, 췌장, 신장, 복강, 대장등내시경으로접근가능한거의모든복부장기에대해사용되고있으며, 종주형내시경초음파의발전으로병변의관찰을넘어조직검사와다양한침습적인시술에널리사용되고있다. 이제내시경초음파는여러질환의진단에필수적인검사법이며단순한진단목적을넘어점차다양한중재적내시경초음파시술 (EUS-guided intervention) 로영역을넓혀가고있다. 본고에서는점차이용영역이확대되고있는중재적내시경초음파시술의역할과유용성에대해알아보고자한다. 본론 1. 내시경초음파유도하담도배액술 (EUS-guided bile duct drainage) 일반적으로담도폐쇄가있는경우 ERCP를통한배액관삽입을가장우선적으로고려하게되며 90% 이상의성공률을보인다. 1 그러나종양의십이지장침범이나수술의과거력등으로유두부에접근이불가능하거나종양이유두부를침범하여 ERCP를통한삽관을할수없는경우지금까지는경피경간담도배액술 (percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, PTBD) Vol. 40, No. 1 January, 2010 (1-8) 1

2 이널리사용되었다. PTBD는출혈, 담즙누출, 복막염, 누공발생, 스텐트폐쇄등합병증의빈도가 10 30% 로비교적높고배액관을외부로유치시켜야하므로환자에게많은불편감을주는단점이있다. 2 수술을이용한배액술이유용할수있지만보고에따라 2 5% 의사망률과 17 37% 의높은이환률을보이므로의사와환자모두에게부담이될수있다. 3,4 이러한경우최근에는내시경초음파를이용하여확장된담도를배액시키는방법들이이용되고있다. 5 내시경초음파를이용한담도배액술에는내시경초음파유도하간내담도위루형성술 (EUSguided hepaticogastrostomy) 과내시경초음파유도하총담관십이장루형성술 (EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy) 이있다. 6,7 간의좌엽은위에서접근이비교적용이하여간좌엽의간내담도 (intrahepatic bile duct) 확장이있는경우내시경초음파유도하간내담도위루형성술 (EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy) 을시행할수있다. 위의분문부나소만측에종주형내시경초음파를위치시키고도플러유도하에혈관을피해 19-gauge나 22-gauge aspiration needle을이용하여확장된간내담도를천 자한다. 이후 stylet을제거하고담즙을흡인하고조영제를주입하여간내담도를확인하고 needle 내부로유도철선을삽입한다. 위와간좌엽사이의트랙을확장시키기위하여 4.5 Fr 또는 5 Fr cannula나 needle-knife, 6 Fr 혹은 7 Fr bougie 등을이용하고, 경우에따라서는 4 mm나 6 mm의확장형풍선카테터를이용하기도한다. 마지막으로유도철선을따라서간내담도의직경에맞추어플라스틱스텐트나완전피막형금속스텐트를삽입하게된다 (Fig. 1). 아직까지보고는많지않지만기술적인성공률은 %, 임상적성공률은 % 로보고되고있다. 합병증으로는스텐트이동, 담즙누출, 담관염등이보고되었다 간외담도 (extrahepatic bile duct) 또는총담관 (common bile duct) 의확장이있는경우에는십이지장을통해내시경초음파유도하총담관십이장루형성술 (EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy) 을시행할수있다. 종주형내시경초음파를이용하면십이지장구부에서간외담도를잘관찰할수있다. 19-gauge aspiration needle을사용하여십이지장구부에서확장된담도를향해천자를시행하고 stylet을제거한후담즙을 Figure 1. EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy. (A) Left intrahepatic duct puncture was performed successfully. (B) Contrast material was injected through a 19 G needle and left intrahepatic ducts were clearly visible. Previously inserted pyloric stent and biliary metal stent were also observed. (C) A fully covered metal stent was introduced into the left intrahepatic duct (arrow). (D) Endoscopic view confirmed the tip of covered metal stent is located inside the gastric cavity. 2 The Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

3 흡인하고조영제를주입하여담도를확인한다. 이후 needle 내부로유도철선을삽입한후 6 Fr나 7 Fr bougie, needle-knife, 4 mm 혹은 6 mm 확장형풍선카테터를이용하여십이지장과담도사이의트랙을확장시키고플라스틱스텐트나완전피막형금속스텐트를삽입하게된다. 아직까지대상환자군이많지않지만 90% 이상의기술적성공률과치료성공률을보이고있다. 이러한시술은비교적안전하다고보고되고있으나발생가능한합병증으로는출혈, 담즙성복막염, 기복증 (pneumoperitoneum), 배액관이동 (stent migration) 등이있다 내시경초음파유도하췌장가성낭종배액술 (EUSguided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage) 예전에는췌장의가성낭종에대한치료로경피적배액술이주로사용되었으나내시경을이용한배액술이점차널리사용되고있다. 11 내시경을이용한배액술의방법에는십이지장내시경을이용학경벽적배액술 (duodenoscope-guided transmural drainage) 과내시경초음파유도하경벽적배액술 (EUS-guided transmural drainage) 이있다. 12 십이지장경을사용하는방식은내시경시야로가성낭종에의해위강내로돌출되어있는위벽을확인하고이부위를천자하는방법으로최근까지췌장가성낭종의치료에유용하게사용되어왔으나직접낭종을보면서시술을할수없다는단점이있다. 반면에내시경초음파를 사용하는방식은가성낭종을실시간으로확인하면서천자하는방법 (Fig. 2, 3) 으로내시경초음파를이용하여다른낭성종양과의감별진단에도움을얻을수있고, 도플러를이용하여혈관을피해낭종과최단거리로안전하게천자를할수있으며, 위벽의돌출이없어도천자할수있다는장점이있다. 두가지방법을비교한연구에서는내시경초음파를이용하는방법이십이장경을이용하는방법에비해기술적으로높은성공률을보였고특히위벽의돌출이없는경우에유용하게사용될수있었다. 12 지금까지의보고들을보면가성낭종에대한내시경초음파유도하배액술의기술적인성공률은 %, 치료성공률은 % 로높게보고되고있다. 13 내시경초음파를이용한췌장가성낭종의배액술은다른방법에비해안전하다고알려져있으나출혈, 배액관의이동, 천공, 기복증등의합병증이발생할수있다 내시경초음파유도하췌관배액술 (EUS-guided pancreatic duct drainage) 췌관폐쇄가동반된만성췌장염에서는대부분 ERCP를이용하여췌관을배액하지만 ERCP로배액에실패한경우에는대부분수술적치료를시행해왔다. 그러나최근에는 ERCP로배액이불가능한확장된췌관에대해서도내시경초음파를이용한배액술이이용되고있다. 췌관배액술에는크게두가지방법 Figure 2. EUS-guided cystogastrostomy. (A) Pancreatic abscess was punctured under EUS guidance. A 19 G needle was visible inside the abscess cavity which is located in the tail of the pancreas. (B) A needleknife was introduced into the cystic cavity over the guidewire. A large amount of pus was drained from the puncture site. (C) After removal of a needleknife, the tract was dilated using a 6 mm balloon. (D) After balloon dilation, three guidewires were inserted inside the cystic cavity. Then one double pigtail stent was inserted over a guidewire. Vol. 40, No. 1 January, 2010 (1-8) 3

4 중재적 내시경초음파 시술 송태준ㆍ서동완 Figure 3. EUS-guided cystoduodenostomy. (A) A pseudocyst is formed in the space between duodenum and pancreas head. (B) Under EUS guidance, the cyst was punctured using a 19 G needle and a guidewire was passed through the needle. (C) Two double pigtail stents were inserted into the cystic space and an ENBD tube is being inserted under fluoroscopic guidance. A single pigtail stent which was inserted into the pancreatic duct is also visible. (D) A follow-up CT scan which was taken one month after the procedure showed marked decreased of pseudocyst. 이 이용되는데 첫번째 방법은 내시경으로 유두부에 접근이 가 능한 경우에는 내시경초음파를 이용하여 췌관을 천자하고 유도 철선을 다시 유두부를 통해 십이지장으로 통과시켜 랑데부 방 법으로 다시 유두부를 통해 배액관을 삽입하는 방법(trans14 papillary rendezvous approach)이다. 만일 유두부로 접근이 불가능하거나 유도철선이 유두부로 내려가지 않는 경우 경벽적 접근(transluminal approach)을 이용하는데 내시경초음파 유도 하 췌관 위루 형성술(EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy)이나 내시경초음파 유도하 췌관 십이지장루 형성술(EUS-guided pan15-17 경벽적 접근에서 creaticoduodenostomy)을 시행하게 된다. 는 내시경초음파를 위나 십이지장 구부에 위치시키고 확장된 주췌관을 확인하여 천자와 배액에 유리한 위치를 선정한 후 19-gauge aspiration needle을 이용하여 천자를 시행한다. 천자 후에는 조영제를 주입하여 주췌관을 확인하고 needle을 통해 주췌관으로 유도철선을 삽입한다. 이후 needle을 제거하고 유 도철선을 따라 침형절개도를 electrocauterization시키면서 삽입 하여 트랙을 확장시킨 후 적절한 길이의 배액관을 삽입하여 췌 장액을 배액한다(Fig. 4). 지금까지 보고에 의하면 경벽적 접근 의 기술적 성공률은 %, 치료 성공률은 %로 알려져 있다. 합병증으로는 천공, 출혈, 췌장염, 발열, 시술 후 4 발생한 복통 등이 있으며 5 43%로 보고되었다 내시경초음파 유도하 췌장 낭성종양 치료술(EUSguided pancreatic cystic tumor ablation) 내시경초음파를 이용하여 시도되고 있는 치료 방법 중 하나 는 간, 신장, 췌장의 낭성 종양에 대한 에탄올 세척술이다. 췌 장의 낭성 종양은 여러 영상 진단기술의 발전과 EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)을 이용한 낭종의 세포학적 검사와 생화학 검사를 통해 진단률이 높아졌다. 그러나 약 30% 정도의 낭성 병변은 이러한 검사 후에도 정확한 진단을 내리지 못하고 수술적 치료를 고려하는데 췌장의 수술은 이환률과 사 망률이 높아 의사와 환자 모두에게 부담이 된다. 이러한 경우 내시경초음파를 이용하여 낭성 종양 내부에 에탄올을 주입하여 상피세포층을 화학적으로 절제하는 시술이 도움이 될 수 있 19 다. 최근에는 에탄올로 세척술을 시행한 이후 항암제의 일종 인 paclitaxel을 추가로 낭성 종양 내부에 주입하는 방법(Fig. 5)이 사용되고 있고, 최근의 연구에서는 이러한 치료를 시행한 18명의 환자 중 13명(72%)에서 낭성 종양이 소실되었다고 보 20,21 낭성 종양 중 이러한 내시경초음파 유도하 중재 고하였다. 술의 적응증으로는 1) 추적관찰 기간동안 악성 변화는 없으면 The Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

5 Figure 4. EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy. (A) This patient received pancreatico-duodenectomy due to pancreatic tumor and main pancreatic duct (MPD) showed progressive dilation during follow-up. The dilated MPD was punctured under EUS guidance and contrast material was injected. The MPD showed diffuse dilation and a stone was impacted near the resection margin. (B) A guidewire was inserted into the MPD and the passage of the guidewire into the anastomotic margin was difficult. (C) A needle-knife was passed through the puncture tract over the guidewire. The passage of needle-knife was difficult because of the hardness of the fibrosed pancreatic parenchyme. (D) A 8 Fr straight plastic stent was inserted into the MPD after dilation of the tract. 서크기가증가한경우, 2) 단방성혹은소방성낭성종양으로특정조직학적분류로진단하기어려운경우, 3) 2 cm 이상의크기로주기적인추적관찰이필요한경우등이있다. 21 금기증으로는장액성종양이나가성낭종, 낭성종양과주췌관사이에연결이확인된경우, 출혈성경향이높은경우, 그리고영상검사에서악성변화가의심되는경우등이있다. 5. 내시경초음파유도하복강신경총파괴술 / 차단술 (EUSguided celiac plexus neurolysis/block) 복강신경총파괴술 (celiac plexus neurolysis) 은췌장과후복막강의통증을감소시키기위해거의 100년전부터이용해온방법이다. 22 이러한시술은주로 X선투시나 CT 유도하에이루어졌으나지난 10년동안에내시경초음파를이용한복강신경총파괴술 (EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis, EUS-CPN) 과복강신경총차단술 (EUS-guided celiac plexus block, EUS- CPB) 이보고되면서현재는널리이용되고있다 종주형내시경초음파를이용하는경우복강신경총은위의소만측에내시경초음파를위치시키고대동맥에서복강동맥이기시하는부위를찾아간동맥과비장동맥의분기점까지관찰하 면서복강신경절 (celiac ganglia) 을찾는다. 이후 22-gauge aspiration needle을이용하여천자를시행하고음압을걸어혈관이천자되지않았는지확인한후 CPN의경우에는 bupivacaine과알코올을주입하고 CPB의경우에는 bupivacaine 과 triamcinolone을주입한다. 만일복강신경절을찾기어려운경우에는복강동맥의바로앞쪽이나양옆쪽으로약제를주입하는방법을사용한다. 시술후에는기립성저혈압이나후복막강출혈, 알코올성신경염등이나타날수있으므로 2 4시간동안주의깊은관찰이필요하다. 22 시술도중이나시술후일부의환자에서는일시적인통증이나타날수있는데이러한환자들에서통증경감효과가더지속적으로나타났다는보고가있다. 26 지금까지의보고들에의하면췌장암과만성췌장염이있는환자에서 CPB와 CPN을시행했을때 50% 이상의환자들에서통증경감에효과가있었다 내시경초음파유도하담낭배액술 (EUS-guided gallbladder drainage) 급성담낭염에대해서는복강경을이용한담낭절제술이근치적인치료방법이다. 하지만심각한기저질환이있는고위험 Vol. 40, No. 1 January, 2010 (1-8) 5

6 중재적 내시경초음파 시술 송태준ㆍ서동완 Figure 5. EUS-guided cystic tumor ablation. (A) A 22 G needle was inserted into the cystic tumor. (B) The cystic fluid was aspirated. (C) After cystic fluid aspiration, 99% ethanol was injected into the cavity and waited for 5 minutes to cause epithelial ablation. (D) Cystic tumor was located in the body of the pancreas and the size was cm (arrow). (E) The cystic tumor was disappeared 5 months after EUS guided treatment (arrow). 환자에서는 전신마취를 통한 수술이 어려울 수 있다. 이러한 경우 경피경간 담낭 배액술(percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage, PTGBD)이나 경유두 담낭 배액술(trans27,28 하지만 papillary gallbladder drainage)이 주로 사용된다. PTGBD는 비교적 높은 합병증과 환자의 불편감을 초래할 수 있고 경유두 담낭 배액술은 유두부를 통한 삽관이 가능하고 담 낭관의 폐쇄가 없는 경우에만 시행이 가능하다. 최근에는 수술의 위험이 높은 급성 담낭염 환자에서 내시경 초음파를 이용한 담낭 배액술(EUS-guided gallbladder drainage) 종주형 내시경초음파를 위의 전정부나 이 소개되고 있다. 십이지장 구부에 위치시킨 후 19-gauge aspiration needle을 이 용하여 확장된 담낭을 천자한다. 담즙을 흡인하고 조영제를 주 입하여 담낭을 확인한 후 6 Fr 혹은 7 Fr bougie나 needle knife 등을 이용하여 위 혹은 십이지장과 담낭 사이의 트랙을 확장시키고 nasobiliary drainage tube나 double pigtail stent를 6 삽입한다. 아직까지 대상 환자 수가 적지만 몇몇 보고에서 높 은 기술적 성공률과 치료 성공률이 보고되었다. 하지만 담즙 누출이나 담즙성 복막염, 스텐트 이동 등의 위험이 있으므로 주의가 필요하다. 7. 내시경초음파 유도하 악성종양 치료(EUS-guided malignant tumor treatment) 최근에는 췌장암의 치료 목적으로 내시경초음파를 이용하여 종양 내에 금으로 된 방사선 표지자(fiducial marker)를 삽입하 고 이를 목표로 해서 정위적 방사선 수술(stereotactic radio32,33 또한 부작용을 최소화 하면서 therapy)이 시행되고 있다. 종양 내부에 최대한의 방사선 효과를 나타내기 위해 방사선 물 질을 내시경초음파를 이용하여 직접 종양 내로 삽입하는 시술 34 도 시도되고 있다. 일부에서는 내시경초음파를 이용하여 겔 형태의 paclitaxel과 같은 항암제를 직접 췌장 내에 주입하는 The Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

7 시술이연구되고있고, 간암의치료로많이이용되는고주파치료 (radiofrequency ablation) 를내시경초음파유도하에췌장암환자에게시도하기위한연구도이루어지고있다. 35,36 내시경초음파를이용한유전자치료 (gene therapy) 도연구되고있는데선택적으로증식해서암세포를죽이는 adenovirus (ONYX-015) 나 human TNF-α gene을포함한 adenovirus vector (TNFerade) 를내시경초음파유도하에수술이불가능한진행된췌장암이나식도암환자에게주입하는연구가이루어지고있다 또한일부에서는진행된췌장암환자에서내시경초음파를이용하여 cytoimplant (allogenic mixed lymphocyte culture) 를주입하는면역치료도보고하고있다. 40 그러나아직까지이러한시도들이치료의효과와안정성을확실하게입증하였다고보기어렵고지속적으로종양치료를위한추후연구들이필요한실정이다. 8. 내시경초음파유도하혈관치료 (EUS-guided vascular therapy) 난치성위장관출혈에서내시경초음파를이용한방법들이새롭게제안되고있다. 도플러를이용하여소화성궤양이나위정맥류환자에서원인이되는혈관을확인하여예후판정에도움을주고선택적인치료에도움이될수있다는보고가있다. 41,42 또한식도정맥류의경화요법에내시경초음파를직접이용하고심부의혈관을확인하여재출혈의위험을평가하는데이용한다는보고도있다. 43 간문맥의경우에는일반적인혈관조영술로확인하기가쉽지않기때문에내시경초음파를이용하여간문맥에접근하여직접간문맥을모니터하는동물연구도보고되고있다. 44 하지만아직까지자료가부족하고기술적으로많은제약이있어실제임상에서의얼마나유용하게사용될수있을지에대해서는좀더많은연구가필요하다. 결론 내시경초음파는이미여러위장관질환과췌담도질환의진단에유용하게사용되고있으며필수적인검사로자리를잡아가고있다. 또한종주형내시경초음파의개발로다양한중재적시술이가능해졌고전세계적으로널리활용되고있으며, 이제는주요관심이진단에서새로운치료로옮겨가고있다. 그러나다른방법에비해아직까지시행기간이비교적짧고대상환자군이적어표준화된방법이정해지지않았다는단점이있다. 또한기존의진단법및치료법과비교해어느정도우월한지에관한연구가좀더필요하다. 지금도계속해서다양한여러분야에서내시경초음파시술의일반화를위한활발한연구가이루어지고있다. 그리고한가지확실한것은향후소화기질환의여러분야에서진단과치료에있어내시경초음파의임상적중요성은더욱높아지리라는점이다. 요약 최근중재적내시경초음파시술이개발되고임상에도입되어활발히사용되고있으며점차그활용범위를넓혀가고있다. 아직대상환자수가많지않아기존의방법들과비교가좀더필요하고표준화된방법에대한논의가이루어질필요가있지만향후소화기질환의여러분야에서중재적내시경초음파시술의중요성은더욱높아지리라생각한다. 색인단어 : 내시경초음파, 중재적시술 참고문헌 1. Fogel EL, Sherman S, Devereaux BM, Lehman GA. Therapeutic biliary endoscopy. Endoscopy 2001;33: van Delden OM, Lameris JS. Percutaneous drainage and stenting for palliation of malignant bile duct obstruction. Eur Radiol 2008;18: Lesurtel M, Dehni N, Tiret E, Parc R, Paye F. Palliative surgery for unresectable pancreatic and periampullary cancer: a reappraisal. J Gastrointest Surg 2006;10: Sohn TA, Lillemoe KD, Cameron JL, Huang JJ, Pitt HA, Yeo CJ. Surgical palliation of unresectable periampullary adenocarcinoma in the 1990s. J Am Coll Surg 1999;188: ; discussion Park do H, Koo JE, Oh J, et al. EUS-guided biliary drainage with one-step placement of a fully covered metal stent for malignant biliary obstruction: a prospective feasibility study. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104: Savides TJ, Varadarajulu S, Palazzo L. EUS 2008 Working Group document: evaluation of EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69(suppl):3S-7S. 7. Itoi T, Yamao K. EUS 2008 Working Group document: evaluation of EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69(suppl):8S-12S. 8. Burmester E, Niehaus J, Leineweber T, Huetteroth T. EUScholangio-drainage of the bile duct: report of 4 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57: Bories E, Pesenti C, Caillol F, Lopes C, Giovannini M. Transgastric endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage: results of a pilot study. Endoscopy 2007;39: Will U, Thieme A, Fueldner F, Gerlach R, Wanzar I, Meyer F. Treatment of biliary obstruction in selected patients by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided transluminal biliary drainage. Endoscopy 2007;39: Varadarajulu S. EUS followed by endoscopic pancreatic pseudocyst drainage or all-in-one procedure: a review of basic techniques (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69(suppl): 176S-181S. 12. Park DH, Lee SS, Moon SH, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided versus conventional transmural drainage for pancreatic pseudocysts: a prospective randomized trial. Endoscopy 2009;41: Vol. 40, No. 1 January, 2010 (1-8) 7

8 13. Seewald S, Ang TL, Kida M, Teng KY, Soehendra N. EUS 2008 Working Group document: evaluation of EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic-fluid collections (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69(suppl):13S-21S. 14. Mallery S, Matlock J, Freeman ML. EUS-guided rendezvous drainage of obstructed biliary and pancreatic ducts: Report of 6 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59: Tessier G, Bories E, Arvanitakis M, et al. EUS-guided pancreatogastrostomy and pancreatobulbostomy for the treatment of pain in patients with pancreatic ductal dilatation inaccessible for transpapillary endoscopic therapy. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65: Kahaleh M, Hernandez AJ, Tokar J, Adams RB, Shami VM, Yeaton P. EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy: analysis of its efficacy to drain inaccessible pancreatic ducts. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65: Will U, Fueldner F, Thieme AK, et al. Transgastric pancreatography and EUS-guided drainage of the pancreatic duct. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2007;14: Varadarajulu S, Trevino JM. 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Phase I clinical trial of allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (cytoimplant) delivered by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle injection in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 2000;88: Wong RC, Farooq FT, Chak A. Endoscopic Doppler US probe for the diagnosis of gastric varices (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65: Wong RC. Endoscopic Doppler US probe for acute peptic ulcer hemorrhage. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;60: de Paulo GA, Ardengh JC, Nakao FS, et al. Treatment of esophageal varices: a randomized controlled trial comparing endoscopic sclerotherapy and EUS-guided sclerotherapy of esophageal collateral veins. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63: ; quiz Giday SA, Clarke JO, Buscaglia JM, et al. EUS-guided portal vein catheterization: a promising novel approach for portal angiography and portal vein pressure measurements. Gastrointest Endosc 2008;67: The Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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<303320C6AFC1FD303320B3B2B1A4BFEC2DBCDBC5C2C1D82E687770> 대한내과학회지 : 제 89 권제 5 호 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2015.89.5.507 특집 (Special Review) - 췌담도질환의최신지견 내시경초음파유도하중재시술 울산대학교의과대학서울아산병원소화기내과 남광우 송태준 Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Intervention Kwangwoo Nam

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