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1 Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 비접촉식온도센서어레이를활용한온도계측시스템개발 김성대 * The Development of Temperature Measurement System using Non-Contact Temperature Sensor Array Sung-Dae Kim * Department of Electrical Engineering, Tongmyong University, Busan , Korea 요약 산업이발전함에따라제조업및서비스제품등다양한분야에열전달장치및열전달시스템이활용되고있다. 열전달시스템의자동화및모니터링시스템을통하여환경을관리하기위해서는온도측정이필요한대상물의직접적인온도및측정대상물의주위온도에대한계측이필수요소라할수있다. 특히, 이러한온도측정에관한두가지요소에대하여본논문에서는비접촉온도센서를활용하여온도계측이필요한대상물에센스를직접접촉하지않고대상물의표면온도를계측할수있는시스템과대상물주위온도를계측할수있는모듈을소형 MCU( microcontroller unit) 기반으로설계하여계측된온도데이터를 USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) 기반의지그비 (ZigBee) 통신을활용하여온도모니터링시스템을제시하고자한다. 본논문에서는대상물의온도와주위온도에관한정보를계측하기위하여비접촉온도센서를활용하여대상물의표면온도및주위온도를계측할수있는펌웨어기반의시스템을설계하였다. 또한, 계측된온도정보데이터를지그비통신을기반으로원격으로온도데이터를모니터링할수있는시스템을제시하고자한다. ABSTRACT Recently, use of the heat transferring machine and systems has been increasing in various industrial fields. A key technique for constructing such process is basically to measuring temperature directly to objects established on industrial plants. Particularly, a non-contact temperature measurement is very important to realize advanced heat transferring systems. This paper presents a new measurement methodology for temperature by using USN(ubiquitous sensor networks) technique including the microprocessor unit based ZigBee communication systems. This proposed system is made to be applied in monitoring systems for non-contact temperature measurement. We designed firmware based measurement systems whose main function is to save s series of temperature data sets and send it to main monitoring systems. 키워드 : 비접촉온도센서, 지그비, 모니터링시스템, 유비쿼터스센스네트위크 Key word : Non-Contact Temperature Sensor, ZigtBee, Monitoring System, USN Received 26 August 2015, Revised 28 August 2015, Accepted 07 September 2015 * Corresponding Author Sung-Dae Kim( jbksd@tu.ac.kr, Tel: ) Department of Electrical Engineering, Tongmyong University, Busan , Korea Open Access print ISSN: online ISSN: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License( by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright C The Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering.

2 Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 비접촉온도센서및 ZigBee 통신 측정대상물의주위온도및대상물의표면온도를계측하고관리해야할경우, 주위온도를측정하기위하여다수의온도계를설치하여온도를측정하는것이일반적이지만대상물의표면온도와주위온도를동시에측정하진못하고있다. 현재열관리시스템은대상물표면온도와주위온도에관한데이터가중요시되고있으며, 산업현장에서는효율적인온도관리를위하여시간적으로변화하는온도데이터에대한데이터처리를요구하고있다. 온도관리에대한문제는실제산업현장과일반가정및병원등에서도많이발생한다. 이러한온도관리에대한문제를해결하기위하여열처리및온도관리에관련된많은장치들이존재하고있다. 그러나뜻밖에발생할수있는고장은막대한손실을가져오게된다. 그러한이유는대부분의온도관리시스템은단순하게주위환경에대한온도계측을통하여관리되고있으며, 실제대상물에대한표면온도의측정이동시에이루어지지못하고있어정확한온도및열관리시스템에많은문제를안고있는것이현실이다. 열관리시스템을구현하기위해서는열관리대상물의표면온도분포를계측하여특정된데이터로부터열전달계수를계산하여온도및열관리시스템을설계해야보다정확한관리시스템을구현할수있다. 즉, 보다정확한열관리및온도관리시스템을설계하기위해서는대상물의표면온도와대상물의주위온도두가지모두를활용해야한다는것이다 [1-9]. 또한, 대상물의표면온도를측정하고자할때, 측정대상물이곡면이거나온도측정대상물이특정영역을정밀하게집중적으로계측해야할경우에는다양한문제가발생한다. 이러한문제를해결하기위하여고가의열적외선카메라를활용하는것은매우비효율적이라할수있다. 본논문에서는이러한비효율적인문제를해결하기위하여복수개의작은크기의모듈로만들어진여러개의비접촉방식인적외선온도센서모듈을활용하여대상물의온도를측정할수있는시스템을구성하고자하며, 계측된온도데이터를원격지로전송하기위하여기기들사이를네트워크를형성하여데이터를전송할수있는지그비 (ZigBee) 기술을활용하여온도데이터를원격지로전송할수있는시스템을제시하고자한다 비접촉온도센서온도센서는크게접촉형과비접촉형으로분류할수있다. 접촉형은측정대상에직접접촉하여데이터를획득하는타입이며, 비접촉형은측정대상과센서를일정간격으로분리하여방사되는적외선을계측하여온도를측정하는방식이다. 본논문의구현에사용된적외선온도센서모듈은표면온도와주위온도를계측할수있는 Diwell 전자의 DTS-L3000-v2를사용하였으며, 주요한특성은비접촉상태에서대상물의표면온도와주변온도를 500[ms] 이내에측정할수있으며, SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface) 방식으로대상물의표면온도와주변온도를순차적으로출력한다 [10]. 본논문에사용된모듈에대한 SPI 데이터통신타이밍다이어그램 (timing diagram) 을아래의그림 1에제시하였다. 그림 2는표면온도와주변온도에대한데이터타이밍프로토콜을제시하였다. 그림 1. DTS-L3000-v2 의데이터타이밍다이어그램 Fig. 1 The data timing diagram of DTS-L3000-v2 module Target temperature measurement Ambient temperature measurement 그림 2. 대상물의온도계측및주변온도계측타이밍 Fig. 2 The measurement timing of targer and environment 2088

3 비접촉식온도센서어레이를활용한온도계측시스템개발 DTS-L3000-v2의온도측정온도범위는 -30~300[ ] 이며, DS ratio = 15:1이다. 표면온도는센서모듈로부터측정대상물표면까지의 DS ratio 내의전체면적의평균값으로계측된다. 본논문에서는이러한특성을고려하여소형의 MCU 를기반으로표면온도와주위온도를계측할수있는모듈을개발하고자한다 ZigBee 통신 ZigBee 통신은 IEEE 표준기반의저전력 / 저가격인저속근거리무선통신의국제표준스팩이다. ZigBee 통신에사용되는주파수는허가없이사용할수있는 ISM(Industrial, Scientific, Medical) 대역을사용하며, 우리나라에서는 2.4[GHz] 를사용하며, 16개채널을사용할수있다. 무선전송속도의경우 2.4[GHz]~ 250[kbps] 의속도로데이터를전송하며, 전송거리는제조업체마다다르지만평균실내 30[m], 실외 100[m] 로알려져있다. ZigBee 센서네트워크의구조는데이터를수집하는센서노드 (sensor node) 와수집된데이터를외부로전달하는싱크노드 (sink node) 로구성된다. 또한, ZigBee 네트워크를 4 Depth까지를권하고있으며, 데이터를송신할경우, 송신에대한결과값 (ACK수신) 을확인한후다음데이터를송신이가능한것에주의하여야한다. 본논문에서는비접촉온도센서모듈과 ZigBee 모듈을결합하여원격지로온도데이터를전송하도록하여원격지 PC 기반으로온도데이터를관리하고모니터링하도록시스템을설계하였다 [11-14]. Cortex M0 processor) 을통하여온도데이터를획득하도록하였다. 또한, 온도데이터획득용 MCU 모듈과데이터전송용 ZigBee 모듈을제어하는 MCU 모듈은 ATmega128을활용하여 ZigBee 송신모듈및수신모듈을설계하여시스템을구성하였다. 원격지 ZigBee 수신모듈을통하여계측된온도데이터를 PC에서데이터를모니터링할수있도록비접촉온도센서시스템을구성하였다. 그림 3. 비접촉온도센서시스템의구성도 Fig. 3 Structure of non-contact temperature sensor system 그림 4는 ATmega128 기반으로개발한 sensor node 에대한 PCB Top 뷰와 Bottom 뷰를제시하였다. Ⅲ. 시스템구성및설계 본논문에서구현하고자하는비접촉온도센서기반의온도관리시스템구성도는그림 3에제시하였으며, 일반적인열처리공정라인에있어서대상물의표면온도의계측이필요한분야에응용할수있는가상의시스템구성도이다. 본시스템의구성에사용된비접촉방식의적외선온도센서모듈은 Diwell 전자의 DTS-L3000-v2 3개를사용하였으며, 각각의센서모듈을 SPI 통신으로데이터를인터페이스할수있는 32bit SN32F707(ARM (a) 그림 4. (a) ZigBee 센서노드탑뷰, (b) ZigBee 센서노드바닥뷰 Fig. 4 (a) Top view of ZigBee sensor node, (b) Bottom view of ZigBee sensor node 온도데이터를모니터링하고관리하는 PC로의데이터전송은 ZigBee 기반의싱크노드가담당하며, 전송속도는 9600[bps] 로설정하였으며, 싱크노드와 PC와의통신은 RS-232C 기반으로데이터를전송하도록하였 (b) 2089

4 다. 모니터프로그램의구현은 LebView를기반으로 PC 환경에서개발하였다. 싱크노드는센서노드와같은 PCB 보드를선정하였으며, ZigBee 모듈의내부파라메타를변경하여 1:3 통신을수행하도록설정하며, Master 1개와 Slave 3개로설정하여 12개의체널을구분하여사용하도록하였다. 네트워크의구성은 Master에서전송된데이터는모든 Slave에전달되고, Slave에서전송된데이터는 Master 만수신하도록 ZigBee 네트워크를구성하였다. Ⅳ. 시스템구현 시스템의구현은그림 5와같이 3개의비접촉온도센서모듈과비접촉온도센서제어보드및 ZigBee 기반의센서노드는 3개를설치하였다. 비접촉온도센서와제어보드와의인터페이스는 SPI 통신으로고속동기식데이터전송으로온도데이터를수신한다. SPI 통신의클록 (clock) 주파수는 1[MHz] 로설정하며, SCK(Serial Clock) 아이디얼상태는 High로설정하고, MSB를먼저전송하며, SCK 데이터전달은상승에지 (rising edge) 방식으로데이터를전송하도록한다. 그림 5. 비접촉온도센서모듈과 ZigBee 기반의센서노드모듈 Fig. 5 The non-contact temperature sensor module and the sensor node module using ZigBee module 그림 6은 LabView 기반의모니터링프로그램과 ZigBee 기반의싱크노드와연결된부분을제시하였다. 그림 6. LabView 기반의모니터링프로그램과 ZigBee 싱크노드 Fig. 6 The monitoring program based on LabView and the sink node of ZigBee 그림 6에서제시한바와같이 3개의비접촉온도센서에대하여각각의시작은 start(&) 로시작하여고유아이디 (ID) 를부여하고각각의분리자 (,) 를통하여표면온도및주위온도를아스키코드 (ASCII code) 로표시한뒤 end(#) 을붙여문장의끝이라는것을표시하도록프로토콜을정의하였다. 표면온도및주위온도는 ZigBee 송신모듈내부에서데이터를실제표면온도와주위온도를변형하여아스키형태의데이터로전송하도록개발하였다. 온도측정은 1[sec]~10[min] 사이의시간을사용자가자유롭게설정하여온도를측정할수있도록시스템을설계하여구성하였다. 또한, 필요에따라센서노드를자유롭게이동시켜온도관리가필요한특정된부분에설치하여대상물의표면온도와주위온도를집중적으로계측하고관리할수있도록시스템을개발하였다. ZigBee 모듈의경우싱크노드를통하여들어오는데이터구조는아래에정리하였으며, 표 1에제시하였다. 1 start (&) : 1byte 2 ID : 1byte 3 분리자 (,) : 1byte 4 표면온도 (xx.xx) : 5byte 5 분리자 (,) : 1byte 6 주위온도 (xx.xx) : 5byte 7 end(#) : 1byte 2090

5 비접촉식온도센서어레이를활용한온도계측시스템개발 표 1. 데이터통신프로토콜 Table. 1 Data communication protocol start ID Separator (,) Surface temperature (xx.xx) Separator (,) Ambient temperature (xx,xx) & 0, 12.34, # 모든데이터포맷은아스키코드형태로전송하며, 데이터메시지는 slave인센서노드로부터출발하여 master인싱크노드를거쳐 PC의 RS-232C를통하여 LabView 프로그램으로메시지정보가너머오게된다. 전송된메시지데이터는 LabView 프로그램의데이터파싱 (parsing) 알고리즘을통하여데이터를모니터링하게된다. 그림 7은 LabView를기반으로하여비접촉온도센서의노드로부터수신된온도데이터를처리하는부분으로프런트팬널 (front panel) 과블록다이어그램 (block diagram) 을각각제시하였다. end 도계측시스템및 ZigBee 기반의데이터전송시스템은열처리공정및온도관리시스템에있어서실제대상물의표면온도및주위온도를직접계측할수있어열처리공정개선및보다지능적인온도관리시스템을구현하는데많은도움이될것으로기대되며, 고가의열적외선카메라를대신할수있을것으로기대된다. 비접촉온도센서를통하여비접촉방식의과열방지시스템및대상물의주변온도를모니터링할수있어다양한온도제어시스템에활용할수있을것으로기대된다. 또한, 비접촉방식으로사람의인체온도를측정할수있는계측시스템을설계할수있을것으로기대된다. 최근에는무선통신기술이발전함에따라일반기기들간의데이터통신이가능한 IoT(Internet of Things) 기반이라는새로운환경을만들어나가고있으므로, 향후연구과제는여러개의어레이형태로배치하여저가의가격으로고가의열화상카메라를대신할표면온도계측시스템을개발해나갈것이다. 뿐만아니라, ZigBee 통신과 IoT 기술을접목하여비접촉온도센서를통하여대상물의표면온도와대상물의주위온도를동시에계측할수있는시스템을연구개발하여과열방지시스템, 산업용온도계측시스템, 체온측정시스템및기타가전기기에활용할수있는 IoT 기반의스마트온도관리시스템을개발하고자한다. (a) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was supported by the Tongmyong University of Research Grants 2013 (b) 그림 7. (a) 프런트패널, (b) 블록다이어그램 Fig. 7 (a) Front Panel, (b) Block Diagram Ⅴ. 결론및향후연구 본연구를통하여구현된비접촉온도센스기반의온 REFERENCES [ 1 ] H. S. Kim and Y. I. Kim, Real Time Monitoring of Temperature by Using the Network and Autoprocessing of the Measurement Data, JOURNAL OF THE INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE, Vol.11, No.-, pp. 1-4, [ 2 ] M. S. Kang and S. H. Hong, Implementation of Temperature Measurement System Using Fuzzy Theory, 2091

6 International Journal of Control Automation and Systems, Vol.1997, No.7, pp , [ 3 ] J. R. Yang, and J. T. Lue, A Microcomputer-Based Programmable Temperature Controller, IEEE Tracs Inst., vol.im-36, no.1, March [ 4 ] Y. I. Kim, M. D. Oh and D. Y. Han, Measurement of Temperature, Humidity and Pressure in Refrigeration and Air - conditioning, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, vol.21, No.5, pp , [ 5 ] H. H. Choi, A Study on the Temperature Measurement Algorithms in Biological Tissue by Ultrasound, INJE UNIVERSITY, vol.8, vo.1, pp , [ 6 ] M. G. Kim and Y. C. Jang, A 2.5V 0.25μm CMOS Temperature Sensor with 4-bit SA ADC, Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, vol.17, no.2, pp , [ 7 ] J. H.. Choi, A Design of Temperature Sensor Circuit Using CMOS Process, Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, vol. 13, no. 6, pp , [ 8 ] C. W. Lee, S. J. Lee, K. K. Jung, H. K. Lee and K. H. Eom, An implementation of Smart RFID Tag using temperature sensor for agri-food distribution management, Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Communication Sciences Conference, pp , [ 9 ] K. S. Lee and H. D. Kim, Thermo-optic Effects of Optical Temperature Sensor, Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, vol. 10, no. 11, pp , [10] [11] K. I. Kang and G. H. Kim, A Study on the Implementation of a Portable Healthcare System using Zigbee, Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, vol. 11, no. 9, pp , [12] S. Jung and H. Y. Kim, A Study on the location tracking system by using Zigbee in wireless sensor network, Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, vol. 14, no. 9, pp , [13] H. B. Park and J. H. Seo, Study for Chronic Diseases Patients Management System using Zigbee of based WPAN, Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, vol. 15, no. 4, pp , [14] K. J. Kim, W. S. Cho and Y. K. Kim, Design and Implementation of System for Wireless Transmission of Medical Information Using Zigbee, Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp , 김성대 (Sung-Dae Kim) 1984 년동아대학교물리학과졸업 ( 이학사 ) 1986 년동아대학교대학원전자공학과졸업 ( 공학석사 ) 1996 년동아대학교대학원전자공학과졸업 ( 공학박사 ) 1991 년 ~ 현재동명대학교전기공학과부교수 관심분야 : 자동제어, 인공지능 2092

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