untitled
|
|
- 주현 위
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 원저 J Korean Neurol Assoc / Volume 24 / August, 2006 한양대학교의과대학신경과학교실 The Relationship of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Microbleeds on T 2 *-Weighted Gradient-Echo MRI in Acute Lacunar Infarction Chang-Yun Park, M.D., Dae-Lim Koo, M.D., Hyun-Young Kim, M.D., Seong-Ho Koh, M.D., Kyu-Yong Lee, M.D., Young Joo Lee, M.D., Juhan Kim, M.D., Seung Hyun Kim, M.D. Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Background: Hypointense cerebral lesions on T2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI (GRE) have been known to be related with microbleeds or advanced microangiopathy with potential for further bleeding. It has also been suggested that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play a role in blood brain barrier disruption, edema formation and hemorrhagic transformation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between microbleeds detected by GRE, MMPs and neurological worsening in acute lacunar infarctions. Methods: Eighty-eight patients with acute lacunar infarctions, defined by TOAST classification, were included. GRE (1.5T, TR 500 ms TE 15 ms) was performed within 48 hours after stroke symptom onset. MMPs were measured by standard quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Clinical characteristics, neurologic scale and MMP-9 levels were compared between groups with or without hypointense lesions in GRE (microbleeds). Neurological worsening was defined as deterioration from baseline in the score on the NIHSS by one or more points 14 days after the onset of a lacunar infarction. Results: Eleven of 88 patients (12.5%) undergoing GRE demonstrated evidence of microbleeds in the ischemic region. In the groups with microbleeds, the ESR level (p=0.048) and MMP-9 activity (p=0.001) were significantly increased, and neurological worsening was more prominent (p=0.018). Conclusions: This study suggests that microbleeds detected by GRE are related with elevated MMP-9 and neurological worsening. Therefore, the finding of microbleeds in GRE, increased MMP-9 activity and elevated ESR level might be useful factors for predicting the progression of acute lacunar infarctions. J Korean Neurol Assoc 24(4): , 2006 Key Words: Microbleeds, Gradient echo MRI, MMP-9, Lacunar stroke 서 론 미세출혈 (microbleeds) 은 2~5 mm 의크기를보이는뇌실질내의출혈로서혈관외유출 (extravasation) 을통해발생하며 Received November 26, 2005 Accepted February 14, 2006 *Seung Hyun Kim, M.D. Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Hospital 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, , Korea Tel: Fax: kimsh1@hanyang.ac.kr 임상적으로무증상인경우가대부분이다. 1 이런미세출혈은출혈성뇌졸중의 71%, 허혈성뇌졸중의 20~68%, 정상성인의 3~7% 에서나타난다고알려져있으며원인기전으로는죽상경화및고혈압성혈관병증과연관된다고한다. 3 미세출혈은경사에코자기공명영상 (T 2*-weighted gradientecho MRI; 이하 GRE) 에서뚜렷한경계를보이는원형의저음영병소로보이는데, GRE 에서저음영을보이는것은혈액파괴산물 (blood-breakdown products) 들의상자성효과 (paramagnetic effect), 혹은국소적인혈철소 (hemosiderin) 침착과연관이있 J Korean Neurol Assoc Volume 24 No. 4,
2 을것이라고추정된다. 3,4 또한혈철소의존재는 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 의활성을유도하여기저막파괴, 염증반응에도관여한다고알려져있다. 2,3,5 저자들은최근열공성뇌경색의초기신경학적악화와 MMP-9 이연관될수있음을보고하였으나 6 자세한기전에대해서는밝히지못하였다. 이에본연구는 MMP-9 의활성과미세출혈의연관성을조사하여미세출혈에관여하는인자및급성기열공성뇌경색환자의임상경과에영향을주는인자에대해분석하였다. 대상과방법 1. 대상 2003 년 6월부터 2005 년 7월까지한양대학병원신경과에입원한뇌경색환자중 Trial of Org in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) 분류상열공성뇌경색으로분류되어, 증상발생 48시간이내에자기공명영상촬영을시행한환자를대상으로하였다. 감염, 종양등의상태나 CT 또는자기공명 T1 강조영상에서뚜렷한출혈을보인경우는배제하였다. 2. 방법 (1) 뇌자기공명촬영 T1, T2 강조영상, 확산강조영상및경사에코자기공명영상 (T 2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI; GRE) 을포함한뇌자기공명촬영을시행하였다. 자기공명영상은 1.5T 초전도체자기공명영상기기 (GE Signa Horizon, U.S.A) 와 bird cag 형두부코일을이용하였다. 확산강조영상은 echo planar imaging 기법을이용하여확산경사자기를 x, y, z 세방향으로가한후등방성영상을얻었다. 확산강조영상을얻기위한영상변수로는 TR/TE=10,000 msec/96 msec, matrix= , b값 =1,000 sec/mm 2, 절편두께 5 mm 로하였다. 경사에코자기공명영상은 TR/TE=500/15, matrix 를이용하였고, 절편의두께는 5 mm로하였다. 이번연구는자기공명 T1 강조영상에서는신호변화가보이지않으면서 T2 강조영상및확산강조영상에서급성기허혈성 Figure 1. Diffusion weighted (upper lane) & T 2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI (GRE) (lower lane). Arrow shows microbleeds in ischemic core and arrow head shows microbleeds in other lesion. Group 1 was defined as when hypointense lesions were found in acute ischemic lesion. And, when hypointense lesion are found in both acute ischemic lesion(s) and other silent region, they were classified as group 2. Group 3 was defined when microbleeds are found in only silent regions. Finally, group 4 was defined when microbleeds were not detected by GRE. 312 J Korean Neurol Assoc Volume 24 No. 4, 2006
3 뇌경색으로진단된경우를대상으로하였고, GRE 상저음영을보이는것을미세출혈이라고정의하였다. 대상은자기공명영상소견상미세출혈및허혈성병변의유무에따라 4군으로분류하였다. 확산강조영상에서급성허혈성병변이있으며, 동일부위에 GRE 상미세출혈이있는경우를제 1군, 급성병변뿐만아니라정상부위혹은타경색부위에서도 GRE 상미세출혈이있는경우를제2군, 급성기병변에서는 GRE 상미세출혈이발견되지않고정상혹은타경색부위에서만 GRE 상미세출혈이있는경우를제3 군, 확산강조영상에서급성기허혈성병변이있음에도 GRE 상미세출혈이전혀관찰되지않는경우는제4 군으로정의하였다 (Fig. 1). 또한, 열공성급성뇌경색부위외에타부위에서 GRE 상미세출혈소견이어느정도관찰되는지알아보았다. 확산강조영상에서확인된급성기허혈성병변에미세출혈을보인제1군및 2군은미세출혈의해부학적위치에따른분포를조사하였다. 또한, 급성허혈성병변이외미세출혈이있었던경우 (2군, 3군 ) 미세출혈의개수를세어서분포가어떻게되는지알아보았다. (2) 임상척도및검사실척도에대한평가각군간의연령과성비를살펴보았다. 그리고, 뇌졸중에관련된위험인자는고혈압, 당뇨, 고지혈증, 심장질환과흡연의기왕력여부로정하였다. 고혈압은환자가기존에항고혈압약제를복용하거나, 수축기혈압이 160 mmhg 이상또는이완기혈압이 95 mmhg 이상이 2번이상있는경우로, 당뇨는공복시혈당이 140 mg/dl 이상이거나당뇨치료를받고있는경우로하였다. 고지혈증은허혈성심장질환의치료기준인총콜레스테롤이 200 mg/dl 이상인경우나저비중지단백콜레스테롤이 130 mg/dl 이상인경우와고지혈증으로치료중인경우로하였다. 심장질환은고혈압성심장변화를제외한부정맥, 판막질환, 관상동맥질환이있는경우로한정하였고, 흡연은기왕력이있는경우와없는경우로나누었다. 임상척도로는체온, 혈압및 National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 를포함한신경학적소견을포함하였으며, 검사실척도로는 CBC 검사를통한 Hematocrits, leukocyte, 그리고 glucose, low density lipiprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG) 를측정하였으며, 그외에 erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, Anti-thrombin III (AT III), D- dimer, Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) 를이용하여각군간의차이를비교하였다. (3) 활성 MMP-9 의비교내원직후채취한혈액은 1500 rpm 으로원심분리를하여혈장 (plasma) 상태로 -70 에서냉장보관하였고, 추후표준정량적 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, R&D system, MN, USA: active MMP-9 fluorescent immunoassay) 를이용하여각그룹별로활성 MMP-9 을측정하였다. 활성 MMP-9 측정을위해 3개의 well 에서얻어진값들의평균을통해구했으며, 2회반복을통해재현성을확인하였다. (4) 예후평가모든대상은내원당시와증상발생 14일후에동일한검사자에의해신경학적손상을평가하였다. 신경학적손상은 NIHSS 로평가하였다. 신경학적악화의정의는내원당시 NIHSS 점수보다내원 14일후재시행한점수가 1점이상증가한경우로하였다. 그리고 GRE 상미세출혈을보인경우 (1군, 2군, 3군 ) 와미세출혈이없었던경우 (4군 ) 신경학적악화를어느정도 (%) 보이는지알아보고, 허혈성병변에미세출혈이존재하는지의여부에따른예후의차이를살펴보았다. (5) 통계분석모든통계처리는 SPSS 를이용하여 chi-square 와 One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), 그리고 Kruskal-Wallis test 로하였으며 p-value 가 0.05 미만일때통계적으로유의성이있는것으로평가하였다. 결과 총대상환자 88명중, 자기공명영상에서급성허혈성병변에만미세출혈을보인제1군은 5명이었으며, 허혈성병변뿐만아니라타부위에도미세출혈이발생한제2 군은 6명이었고, 급성허혈성병변에는미세출혈이없고타부위에만미세출혈이있었던 3군은 25명, GRE 상미세출혈이보이지않았던 4군은 52명의분포를보였다. 허혈성병변에미세출혈을보인경우 (1 군, 2군 ) 은 11명 (12.5%) 이었고, 병소에관계없이 GRE 상미세출혈이관찰되는경우 (1군, 2군, 3군 ) 는 36명 (36.7%) 이었다. 제2군에서, 허혈성병변이외의타부위에서미세출혈의개수가 2개인경우가 1명, 3개는 3명, 그리고 5개와 7개를보인경우는각 1명씩의분포를보였다. 3군에서는미세출혈개수에따른분포는미세출혈 1개 (4명), 2개 (5명), 3개 (4명), 4개 (5명), 5 개 (3명), 6개 (1명), 7개 (1명), 12개 (1명), 14개 (1명) 의분포를보였다. J Korean Neurol Assoc Volume 24 No. 4,
4 Table 1. Demographic data and risk factors in each groups Characteristics Group 1 (n=5) Group 2 (n=6) Group 3 (n=25) Group 4 (n=52) P-value Age, mean±sd Sex difference (M : F) 69.4±12.5 3:2 64.3±6.9 5:1 63.6± : ± : a Stroke Risk Factor, count (% within group) Hypertension 3 (60.0%) DM 1 (20.0%) Heart disease 0 (0%) Hyperlipidemia 1 (20.0%) Smoking 2 (40.0%) 5 (83.3%) 2 (33.3%) 1 (16.7%) 2 (33.3%) 0 (0%) 20 (80.0%) 8 (32.0%) 3 (50%) 7 (28%) 5 (20.0%) 29 (55.8%) 12 (23.1%) 2 (33.8%) 6 (11.5%) 11 (21.2%) a by Kruskal Wallis test. 허혈성병변에서보이는미세출혈의분포에있어서는 1군은대뇌부챗살에 1명, 속섬유막 2명, 뇌간 2명의분포를보였고, 2 군은대뇌부챗살에 2명, 속섬유막 2명, 뇌간 2명으로, 전반적으로고른분포를보였다. 연령은각군간에유의한차이를보이지는않았으나 (p= 0.802), 성별은 2군에서는남자가 4군에서는여자가더많은비율을보였다 (Table 1). 이는각군간환자수가비슷하지않아나타난결과로추정된다. 뇌자기공명영상촬영은 1군이증상발생 36.4 시간, 2군은 33.8 시간, 3군은 31.2 시간, 4군은 34.7 시간이지나서검사하여각군간에통계학적인차이를보이지는않았다 (p>0.05). 활성 MMP-9 측정을위한혈액채취는 1군이증상발생 28 시간, 2군 은 26.1 시간, 3군은 25.4 시간, 4군은 27.9 시간이지난시점에서채취되었다. 뇌혈관위험인자는고혈압, 당뇨, 심장질환, 고지혈증, 흡연모두각군간에통계학적으로유의있는차이를보이지는않았다 (p>0.05)(table 1). 내원당시시행한체온과수축기, 이완기혈압도또한각군간에차이가없었다 (Table 2). 그러나검사실척도로시행한 ESR 이 1군이 17±2.7, 2군이 23.5±4.6 여서, 3군의 14.83±2.1, 4군의 13.65±1.8 보다통계학적으로유의하게높게측정되었다 (p=0.028). 또한다른염증에대한표식인자인 CRP 도통계학적으로유의하지는않았지만, 1군과 2군이 3군이나 4군보다 CRP 수치가높은경향을보였다 (p=0.062). 그러나그이외의검사실척도인 RBC, Hct, WBC, Table 2. Comparisons of laboratory parameters in each group. Among the parameters, only ESR level was significantly elevated in group 1, 2 (p<0.05) Group 1 (n=5) Group 2 (n=6) Group 3 (n=25) Group 4 (n=52) P-value a BT ( ) SBP (mmhg) DBP (mmhg) Hematocrits (%) Glucose (mg/dl) LDL (mg/dl) HDL (mg/dl) TG (mg/dl) Leukocyte (cells/mm 3 ) ESR (mm/hr) CRP (mg/dl) aptt (sec) PT (%) Fibrinogen (mg/dl) AT III D-dimer NSE (ng/dl) 36.34± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±SD, a by Kruskal Wallis test. 314 J Korean Neurol Assoc Volume 24 No. 4, 2006
5 지는않았다. 입원당시와 14일후시행한 NIHSS 점수로비교한신경학적악화정도는허혈성병변에미세출혈을보인경우 (1군, 2군 ) 가허혈성병변에미세출혈을보이지않은경우 (3군, 4군 ) 에비해신경학적으로악화된경우가많았다 (p<0.05). 그러나, 3군과 4 군간의신경학적악화정도는통계학적인차이를보이지않았다 (Fig. 3). Figure 2. Relationship between MMP-9 activity and patterns of microbleeds. MMP-9 activity was significantly increased in all groups having microbleeds(group 1, 2, 3) when compared with group showing no evidence of microbleeds in GRE (p<0.05, Duncan s multiple range test). a <0.05, b <0.01 (when compared with group 4), c <0.05 (when compared with group 3). 고찰 경사에코자기공명영상에서저음영병소를보이는미세출혈은뇌혈관기저막의파괴와연관된다고알려져있다. 세포외기질 (extracellular matrix) 은세포와조직의구조를유지하는데중요한역할을한다. 7 뇌혈관기저막 (basement membrane; basal lamina) 은 type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin 등 의세포외기질로구성되어있으며혈액뇌장벽 (blood brain barrier) 의안정에큰역할을한다. 7 뇌경색시에는뇌혈관기저막이파괴되는데, 8 이는뇌경색시동반되는뇌부종과출혈전환의일차적인원인으로생각되고있다. 7,9,10 기저막을파괴하는물질중가장대표적이고중요한것이 MMP이다. 7,11 MMP 중 MMP-9 는 gelatinase B로도불리며뇌의기저막을구성하는주요세포외기질인 type IV collagen 이나 laminin 등을주로파괴하기때문에여러중추신경계질환 Figure 3. Comparision between pattern of microbleeds (group 1, 2; microbleed in acute ischemic lesion, group 3, 4; silent microbleeds or absence of microbleeds) and neurologic progression of lacunar stroke (p<0.05, chi-square test). a <0.05. PLT 용적, 그리고혈당, 지질 (LDL, HDL, TG), fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, AT III, D-dimer, NSE 등의수치는각군간에유의있는차이를보이지않았다 (p>0.05)(table 2). 표준정량적 ELISAs 로측정한 MMP-9 는 GRE 상미세출혈이발견되었던경우 (1군, 2군, 3군 ) 가미세출혈이발견되지않았던경우 (4군 ) 에비해증가되었으며 (p<0.05), 허혈성병변에만미세출혈을보였던경우 (1군 ) 나허혈성병변과함께다른곳에미세출혈을보였던경우 (2군 ) 는다른곳에만미세출혈을보인경우 (3군 ) 에비해활성 MMP-9 가통계학적으로유의하게증가되었다 (p<0.01)(fig. 2). 입원당시시행한 NIHSS 점수는 1군이 4.4 점, 2군이 4.2 점, 3군이 3.9 점, 4군이 3.4 점을보여각군간에유의차이를보이 에서중요한역할을할것으로생각되며다발성경화증과뇌종양등에서 MMP-9 이증가한다고보고되었다. 7,12,13 MMP 는뇌혈관기저막을파괴하는대표적인물질이기때문에 MMP 의증가와출혈전환이서로연관되어있을가능성이크다. 실제로 baboon 에서 MMP-9 의증가와뇌경색후의출혈전환이연관되어있다는것이밝혀졌고 7,14 최근에는토끼에서 MMP 억제제를 t-pa와동시에사용하면출혈전환을현저히줄일수있다고보고되었다. 7,15 Gasche 등은마우스뇌경색모델에서 MMP-9 의증가가뇌경색후의혈액뇌장벽의파괴와연관이있다고보고하였으며 7 저자들의최근연구에의하면동물뇌경색모델에서염증반응유도및활성은 MMP-9 의증가와연관이있다는사실을보고한바있다. 16,17 그러나염증반응과 MMP-9 의증가와의관련성에대한저자들의이전의연구가활성 MMP-9 를 ELISA 로측정한것이아니라, zymography 로 2번측정하여상대적인증가또는감소를비율로측정한것이기때문에한계점이있었다. 열공성뇌경색에서도이런혈액뇌장벽의파괴와연관되어뇌경색부위에미세출혈이발생할수있다. 일반적인뇌전산화단층촬영에서도보이지않고, GRE 에서둥근모양의저음영으로 J Korean Neurol Assoc Volume 24 No. 4,
6 관찰된다. Schonewille 등은열공성경색의약반수에서이런미세출혈이존재하며, 기저의소혈관질환을반영한다고주장하였으나, 그의연구는미세출혈과허혈성병변과의연관을보지는않았다. 18 이번연구에서열공성뇌경색때 GRE 상허혈성부위에미세출혈이발생한경우는전체의 12.5% 를차지하였고, 허혈성병변뿐만아니라다른곳에서도 GRE 에서미세출혈이발견된경우는전체의 36.7% 를보였다. 미세출혈은기저의고혈압등의뇌혈관성질환의위험인자나나이와도연관될수있다고하였으나 2 이번연구에서는각군간에뇌혈관성질환의위험인자나나이는통계학적인차이를보이지않아큰문제는없을것으로생각된다. MMP-9 의활성도에영향을미치는인자에대해서는여러보고가있는데 Paolo 등은 iron 등의혈액분해산물이 MMP-9 의활성도증가와연관이있다고주장한바있다. 19 그러므로, 미세출혈이 ferritin, iron, hemosiderin 등의침착에의해생기는것이기때문에이번연구결과와같이열공성경색때내원당시 GRE 에서미세출혈을보인경우활성 MMP-9 의증가와연관되었다고생각한다. 또한허혈성병변이외의부분에만미세출혈이있었던곳에서도미세출혈이없었던경우에비해활성 MMP-9 가더증가되어있었는데아마도기저의고혈압등의원인에의해미세출혈이존재하던상태에서뇌경색이발생하여활성 MMP-9 가더증가된것으로생각한다. 뇌경색후 MMP-9 의활성도의증가시점은연구자마다다르게보고하고있으나, 동물실험에서뇌경색이있은후 2시간이후부터증가되기시작하여 6일이지나서도계속증가되었다는결과가있다. 7 이번연구에서는뇌경색이발생한지 48시간이내의열공성경색환자를대상으로하여활성 MMP-9 를 1회만측정하였으므로, 추후시간경과에따라활성 MMP-9 를여러차례측정해야할것으로생각한다. 열공성경색의초기신경학적악화에여러인자들이관여할수있다. 당뇨, 입원당시의근력정도, 20 측부순환의혈역학적장애정도, 21 glutamate 와 GABA 의불균형, 22 inflammatory cytokine, 23 그리고체온, 백혈구와 fibrinogen 수치등의급성기인자들이열공성경색의예후와관련될수있다는보고들이있었다. 19 그러나정확한기전은아직밝혀진것이없다. 본저자들은이전의연구에서열공성경색의초기신경학적악화에국소적인염증반응이중요하며, 여러염증인자중활성 MMP-9 가특히연관성이높다고보고한바있다. 6 또한이번연구결과를보면열공성경색시허혈성병변에미세출혈을보인경우가초기신경학적악화와연관되어있었는데, 이런결과는아마도국소적인염증성반응과활성 MMP-9 의증가와연관되었을것으로생각된다. 그러므로열공성경색의초기신경학적악화에대한예측인자로서내원당시의 MMP-9 의활성도뿐만아니라 GRE 상보이는미세출혈의유무도의미를가질수있을것으로생각한다. 그러나본연구에서는 microbleeds 개수와 MMP-9 활성도와의정량적분석은각군별대상환자의수가충분치못하여정확히분석하지못한것이제한점으로나타나며, 다수의대상을통한추후연구가필요할것이다. REFERENCES 1. Jeerakathi T, Wolf P, Beiser A, John K, Au R, Kase CS, et al. Cerebral microbleeds: prevalence and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the Framingham study. Stroke 2004;35: Kinoshita T, Okudera T, Tamura H, Ogawa T, Hatazawa J. Assessment of lacunar hemorrhage associated with hypertensive stroke by echo-planar gradient-echo T2*-weighted MRI. Stroke 2000;31: Kidwell C, Saver J, Villablance P, Duckwiler G, Fredieu A, Gough K, et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging detection of microbleeds before thrombolysis: An Emerging Application. Stroke 2002; 33: Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Roob G, Kleinert G, Kapeller P, Schmidt R, et al. Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradientecho T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage : evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20: Audebert HJ, Pellkofer TS, Wimmer ML, Haberl RL. Progression in lacunar stroke is related to elevated acute phase parameters. Eur Nruol 2004;51: Kim YS, Lee KY, Koh SH, Park CY, Kim HY, Lee YJ, et al. The Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the early neurological worsening of acute lacunar infarctions. Eur Neurol 2006;55: Lee KY, Yang WS, Kim EH, Heo JH, Kim DG. The temporal changes of matrix metalloproteinase in experimental middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. J Korean Neurol Assoc 2001;19: Hamann GF, Okada Y, Fitridge R, del Zoppo GJ. Microvascular basal lamina antigens disappear during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Stroke 1995;26: Hamann GF, Okada Y, del Zoppo GJ. Hemorrhagic transformation and microvascular integrity during focal cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1996;16: Okada Y, Copeland BR, Fitridge R, Koziol JA, del Zoppo GJ. Fibrin contributes to microvascular obstructions and parenchymal changes during early focal ischemia and reperfusion. Stroke 1994; 25: Venti M, Parnetti L, Silvestrelli G, Gallai V. Role of neuroprotective drugs in acute ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000;10: Anthony DC, Ferguson B, Matyzak MK, Miller KM, Esiri MM, Perry VH. Differential matrix metalloproteinase expression in cases of multiple sclerosis and stroke. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1997; 316 J Korean Neurol Assoc Volume 24 No. 4, 2006
7 23: Chandler S, Miller KM, Clements JM, Lury J, Corkill D, Anthony DC, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase, tumor necrosis factor and multiple sclerosis: an overview. J Neuroimmunol 1997;72: Heo JH, Lucero J, Abumiya T, Koziol JA, Copeland BR, del Zoppo GJ. Matrix metalloproteinases increase very early during experimental focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999;19: Lapchak PA, Chapman DF, Zivin JA. Metalloproteinase inhibition reduces thrombolytic (tissue plasminogen activator)-induced hemorrhage after thromboembolic stroke. Stroke 2000;31: Gasche Y, Fujimura M, Morita-Fujimura Y, Copin JC, kawase M, Massengale J, et al. Early appearance of activated matrix metalloproteinase-9 after focal cerebral ischemia in mice: a possible role in blood-brain barrier dysfunction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999; 19: Koh SH, Chang DI, Kim HT, Kim J, Kim MH, Kim KS, et al. Effect of 3-aminobenzamide, PARP inhibitor, on matrix metalloproteinase-9 level in plasma and brain of ischemic stroke model. Toxicology 2005;214: Viswanathan A, Chabriat H. Cerebral microhemorrhage. Stroke 2006;37: Zamboni P, Scapoli G, Lanzara V, Izzo M, Fortini P, Legnaro R, et al. Serum iron and matrix metalloproteinase-9 variations in limbs affected by chronic venous disease and venous leg ulcers. Dermatol Surg 2005;31: Nakamura K, Saku Y, Ibayashi S, Fujishima M. Progressive motor deficits in lacunar infarction. Neurology 1999;52: Terai S, Hori T, Miake S, Tamaki K, Saishoji A. Mechanism in progressive lacunar infarction: a case report with magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Neurol 2000;57: Serena J, Leira R, Castillo J, Pumer JM, Castellanos M, Davalos A. Neurological deterioration in acute lacunar infarctions: the role of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Stroke 2001;32: Castellanos M, Castillo J, Garcia MM, Leira R, Serena J, Chamorro A, et al. Inflammation-mediated damage in progressing lacunar infarctions: a potential therapeutic target. Stroke 2002;33: J Korean Neurol Assoc Volume 24 No. 4,
저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할
저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More information012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More informationPharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ
Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -
More informationJksvs019(8-15).hwp
Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The
More informationHomocysteine
cardioembolic stroke : how is it different? 강동화서울아산병원울산의대신경과 talk outline 뇌 는 심장 과다르다 Cardioembolic stroke 은다른 stroke subtypes 과어떻게다른가? Ischemic stroke mechanism 추정의어려움 뇌졸중은? 腦卒中 Lumper 中風 Splitter Ischemic
More information한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구
한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -
More informationAbstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie
Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More information( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
More information<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More informationA 617
Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R
More informationγ
경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical
More information386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
More information388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR
6 3 2000 ; 387-392 (3) Dysplastic Nodule Young Nyun Park, M.D., Chanil Park, M.D. Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine BRIEF HISTORY 56. AST/ALT 72/73 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.7
More information<30322D31322D B9E8C8F1C1D82DB9AEC0E5BCB E687770>
원저 뇌미세혈관병증 3 가지표식과열공뇌경색초기신경학적악화와의관련성 서울대학교의과대학신경과학교실, 분당서울대학교병원뇌졸중센터신경과 문장섭김나영강지훈양미화장명숙한문구배희준 Association of 3 Stigmas of Cerebral Microangiopathy With Early Neurological Deterioration in Lacunar Infarction
More information<31312D30362D C2F7C0E7B0FC2DC1B6C8F1BFB D37342E687770>
원저 급성뇌경색환자에서 Atorvastatin 20 mg 투여후 high sensitive C-reactive protein 의변화 동아대학교의과대학신경과학교실 Hee-Young Jo, M.D., Min-Jung Park, M.D., Jae-Kwan Cha, M.D. Department Neurology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University
More information(
317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,
More information김범수
Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis
More information139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More information27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :
27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,
More information노영남
Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding
More informationCan032.hwp
Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory
More information전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)
전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -
More information( )Jksc057.hwp
직장암환자의전직장간막절제술의 예측인자분석 : 불완전절제와절제시간에영향을미치는인자에관한연구 Analysis of Factors Affecting the Degree of Difficulty in Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer: Investigation of the Factors Affecting Incomplete
More information16_이주용_155~163.hwp
사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin
More information440 /
/ 439 = Abstract = Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Isolated Vertigo Patients Having Risk Factors for Stroke Hyung Goo Kang, M.D., Yu Sang Yun, M.D., Jin Hee Yi, M.D., In Cheol Park, M.D., Kyeong Ryong Lee,
More information달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있
대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준
More information(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re
EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern
More information자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr
Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae
More information09È«¼®¿µ5~152s
Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,
More informationKaes010.hwp
갑상선자극호르몬이갑상선암세포의 VEGF, 신생혈관형성, 성장, 침윤및전이에미치는영향 Effects of TSH on the Production of VEGF, Angiogenesis, Growth, Invasion and Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer Cells Euy Young Soh, M.D., Hee Boong Park, M.D.,
More information(01) hwp
Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of
More information서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
More information황지웅
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More information12이문규
Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental
More information04조남훈
Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache
More information975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호
Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words
More informationTreatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy
Treatment and Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Chung-Ang University Hospital Chee Jeong Kim 7.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.5 1 1 2 3 4 10 11 7 34 49 122 123 1.0 - - 10. 2001 1998 1998 Improvement of postmenopausal
More informationA Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran
More informationAbstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,
More informationThe Window of Multiple Sclerosis
THE WINDOW OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Vol.2 No.1 MAR 2009 Topic Review Article Review 01. 02. 03. 04. Case Review The Window of Multiple Sclerosis THE WINDOW OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS The Window of Multiple Sclerosis
More information기관고유연구사업결과보고
기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106
More informationAnalyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling
More information........-55..9.30
MYONGJI ST. MARY S HOSPITAL EXCELLENT STROKE TREATMENT CENTER The president of Myongji St. Mary s Hospital M.D. HUH, CHOON WOONG Graduated from Seoul Catholic Medical College. Achived M.D. in Neurosurgeon.
More information( )Kjhps043.hwp
Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,
More informationuntitled
Korean J Fam Pract. 2014;4:335-340 무증상건강검진수검자에서뇌의소혈관질환의위험요인 Original Article 나연자, 엄미라, 김주일, 공미희 1, 김현주 1, * 제주대학교병원가정의학과, 1 제주대학교의학전문대학원가정의학교실 Risk Factors of Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Asymptomatic
More information원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현
원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함
More information<303120C0CCBBF3B8F12DC0CCB1D4BFEB2E687770>
Sang Mok Lee, M.D., Boo Jung, M.D., Kyu-Yong Lee, M.D., Young Joo Lee, M.D., Jin Hwan Cheong, M.D., Jae Min Kim, M.D. Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine,
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
More informationJkbcs016(92-97).hwp
Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean
More informationKor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on
More information44-4대지.07이영희532~
A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who
More information( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
More information서강대학교 기초과학연구소대학중점연구소 심포지엄기초과학연구소
2012 년도기초과학연구소 대학중점연구소심포지엄 마이크로파센서를이용한 혈당측정연구 일시 : 2012 년 3 월 20 일 ( 화 ) 14:00~17:30 장소 : 서강대학교과학관 1010 호 주최 : 서강대학교기초과학연구소 Contents Program of Symposium 2 Non-invasive in vitro sensing of D-glucose in
More information2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )
Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee
More information±èÇ¥³â
533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance
More information<30382EC0C7C7D0B0ADC1C22E687770>
대한내과학회지: 제 76 권 제 2 호 2009 의학강좌-개원의를 위한 모범처방(Current Clinical Practice) 간기능검사의 이해와 적용 인제대학교 의과대학 일산백병원 내과학교실 김 경 아 Understanding and application of liver function tests Kyung-Ah Kim, M.D. Department of
More informationuntitled
대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea
More information노인정신의학회보14-1호
제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시
More informationl l l l l l l l l Lee, Geon Kook None This project was designed to establish the Tumor Bank of National Cancer Center in 2000. From the first tumor sample in 2000, the total of tumor and tumor-related
More information00약제부봄호c03逞풚
경희대학교 동서신의학병원 약품 정보지 2 0 0 7. S P R I N G. V O L. 0 1 신약 소개 02 Journal Review 03 Special Subject 04 복약 지도 06 의약품 안전성 정보 07 약제부 알림 07 약제부 업무 소개 08 E A S T - W E S T N E O M E D I C A L C E N T E R 본 약품
More information:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )
:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency
More information590호(01-11)
T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government
More informationDementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 2014; 13: ORIGINAL ARTICLE CADASIL 에서고혈압이열공경색과뇌미세출혈의발병위치에미치
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 2014; 13: 112-116 ORIGINAL ARTICLE CADASIL 에서고혈압이열공경색과뇌미세출혈의발병위치에미치는영향 이정석 오정환 송숙근최재철 강사윤 강지훈 제주대학교병원신경과 Received: August 29, 2014 Revision received: November 26,
More information(Microsoft PowerPoint - S13-3_\261\350\273\363\307\366 [\310\243\310\257 \270\360\265\345])
Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic Syndrome 김상현 보라매병원내과 서울대학교의과대학내과학교실 Contents Metabolic syndrome and Cardiovascular system CVD Mortality Coronary artery disease Heart failure Atrial fibrillation Management
More information( ) Jkra076.hwp
Vol. 11, No. 4, December, 2004 Objective: Ultrasonography (USG) of joints has a unique position for the diagnosis of joint diseases. Bone surface, cartilage, periarticular soft tissue and their pathologic
More information저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할
저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,
More information005송영일
Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation
More information< BACEBCB1C8F12DC0B1BCBABBF D E687770>
원저 J Korean Neurol Assoc / Volume 24 / April, 2006 허혈성뇌졸중의아형및병변위치에따른 NIH Stroke Scale 과개량형 NIH Stroke Scale 의비교 경희대학교의과대학신경과학교실, 경희대학교경영대학의료경영학전공 a, 성균관대학교의과대학사회의학교실 b 부선희윤성상장혜정 a 권영대 b 박기정안태범장대일정경천 Seon
More information서론
- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -
More information석사논문.PDF
ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 1 ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 2 ABO Rh
More informationKbcs002.hwp
Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,
More information04_이근원_21~27.hwp
1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일
More information저작자표시 - 비영리 - 동일조건변경허락 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 이차적저작물을작성할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비
저작자표시 - 비영리 - 동일조건변경허락 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 이차적저작물을작성할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 동일조건변경허락. 귀하가이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공했을경우에는,
More information03이경미(237~248)ok
The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).
More information슬라이드 제목 없음
뇌신경계 MRI: 어떻게시행하고무엇을알아야하는가? 최승홍 서울대학교병원 영상의학과 Contents CT, MRI의유용성비교 MRI 기법의종류, 특성 - T1강조영상, T2강조영상, FLAIR, --- 각종 MRI protocol - routine, stroke, dementia, --- CT, MRI 유용성비교 MRI > CT (almost all disease)
More information< D30382D C2F7C0E7B0FC2DC0FCC7FCBFF8292E687770>
원저 08-054 급성기뇌경색환자에서뇌자기공명영상의확산 - 관류불일치가임상적예후를예측할수있는가? -rcbv 를중심으로 - 동아대학교의과대학신경과학교실, 영상의학과학교실 a 전형원강지혜이수윤이유실강명진 a 차재관 Can Diffusion-Perfusion Mismatch on Brain MRI in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Predict
More information03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö
25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
More informationCrt114( ).hwp
cdna Microarray Experiment: Design Issues in Early Stage and the Need of Normalization Byung Soo Kim, Ph.D. 1, Sunho Lee, Ph.D. 2, Sun Young Rha, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 and Hyun Cheol Chung, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 1
More informationIL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) l l l α β α β β α β β α β 목적 (Background/Aims): 위암의가족력과 Helicobacter pylori 감염은각각위암발생의위험인자로알려져있으나,
More information10(3)-10.fm
w y wz 10«3y 259~264 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w gj p p y Á Á½k * w m œw Á* w y œw (2010 9 28, 2010 10 12 k) Characteristics of Antiwashout Underwater Concrete for Reduction
More information82-01.fm
w y wz 8«( 2y) 57~61, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis p w w Á Á w w» y l Analysis of Influence Factors and Corrosion Characteristics of Water-pipe in Potable Water System Jae Seong
More informationECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of
More information( )Kju098.hwp
건강한젊은남성과중년남성에서성적자극에의한뇌의활성화비교 Difference of Brain Activation by Visual Erotic Stimuli in Young and Middle-aged Healthy Males Dong Wan Sohn, Kang June Cho, Hyo Sin Kim, Choong Bum Lee, Sung Hak Kang, Yong-Hyun
More informationMay 10~ Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression fr
May 10~12 2012 Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression from obesity to metabolic syndrome originates in the
More information<30332D31332D C1B6BEC6C7F62DC0D3C0BABFB E687770>
원저접수번호 :09-029(2 차 -0710) 80 세이상고령환자에서발생한뇌경색의임상과영상특징 : 단일기관연구 가톨릭대학교의과대학여의도성모병원신경과 임은예왕민정박형은최유진이지연김우준조아현 Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of Ischemic Stroke in the 80 Year-Old or Older: A Single
More informationÇã¹Ì¿Á
423 허미옥 외: 급성 뇌경색에서 확산 및 관류 MR 영상을 이용한 허혈성 반영부의 소생가능성 평가 후 수분 이내에 정확하게 찾아낼 수 있고 관류 MR 영상을 통 해 경색부위 주위의 혈류감소부위를 평가할 수 있는데 관류확산 불일치(perfusion-diffusion mismatch)부위가 허혈성 반 영부를 반영한다는 것이다. 그러나, 일반적으로 관류-확산
More information대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp
小兒藥證直訣 의 五臟辨證에 대한 小考 - 病證과 處方을 중심으로 1 2 慶熙大學校大學校 韓醫學科大學 原典學敎室 ㆍ 韓醫學古典硏究所 白裕相1,2*1)2) A study on The Diagnosis and Treatment Using The Theory of Five Organs in Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣) 1 Dept. of Oriental
More information歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF
********* (*, **, *** ).., 2002, 7, 1, 1-12. 2-5 80.,.,..,,... :,,. (naming).., (word finding), (lexical look- up), (lexical retrieval), (word recall) (Fried- Oken, 1987). (pause),,, (naming error) (Snyder
More informationA Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer
More information5. .......hwp
X i D i ) 8 6 4 2 0-2 -4 1987 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 year 12 8 4 0-4 -8 1987 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 year 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 1987 19 90 1994 1998 2002 year ln W X 30
More informationºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö
case of brugada syndrome presented as chest pain STRCT rugada syndrome was described in 1992 as a new clinical entity characterized by electrocardiographic STsegment elevation in the right precordial leads
More informationKinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc
Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]
More information07-1960(JH)
한국두피모발미용학회지 제5권 제1호 2009 The Journal of Beauty & Trichology 5(1), 00~00(2008) 1960년대 뷰티 및 패션트렌드 분석 - 모델 트위기 (Twiggy) 를 중심으로 - 김희선* 안양과학대학 뷰티디자인학부 Analysis of Beauty and Fashion trends in the 1960 s - Focusing
More informationRisk of Developing Hypertension by Daily Intake of Alcohol
JNC 7 ESH/ESC (Guidelines) Guidelines 2003. 5 JNC 7 Guidelines ; The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure JAMA. 2003;289:2560-2572.
More information