석사논문.PDF

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1 ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health

2 ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health

3 ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health : 3

4 : : : 4

5 Abstract ) ABO ) Rh ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) (Quality) ABO

6 6 Rh ) Cis-AB? ) Cis-AB ) Cis-AB ) Weak D(Du) ) Weak D ) Rh(D)

7 Abstract Accurate determination of the people ABO blood group requires two different test procedures, red cell grouping and serum grouping The individual is assigned to one of four ABO blood groups, A, B, O and AB with Rh positive or negative respectively A series of tests performed by Karl Landsteiner in 1900 led to the discovery of the ABO blood groups and Rh blood groups was discovered in 1940 by Karl Landsteiner and Wiener The red cell grouping tests utilize anti-a and anti-b to determine the presence or absence of the antigens The serum grouping tests use reagent A and B red cells to detect serum anti-a and anti-b Routine grouping of person s blood type must include both red cell and serum tests In Korea, however, many institutions performed only red cell grouping tests Therefore, many cases are not reported about the ABO discrepancies between cell and serum grouping For example, there are Cis-AB blood group which shows rarely unusual inheritance of ABO group on the same chromosome by crossing over or mutation The second weak or mixed field agglutination in ABO blood grouping or disagreement between the cell group and serum indicates a genetic variant or a change due to disease It gives rise to family troubles, social problem Also ABO grouping is the most important laboratory test performed on potential transfusion recipients and blood donors The Rh system includes many antigens but the major is D The term Rh positive is used to denote red cells that carry D antigen or its variant Du (Weak D) The red cells that have neither D nor D u on their membranes are termed Rh 7

8 negative The D antigen is after A and B, one of the most important rbc antigen in transfusion practice The purpose of this study was to acheive a system classification of ABO and Rh blood groups in more detail, and quality control of ABO and Rh blood tests for public health 8

9 Karl Landsteiner ABO 1940 Karl Landsteiner Wiener Rh, 20 ABO Rh,,,,, A, B, O, AB Rh(D), Rh(D) 9

10 10, ABO & Rh ABO, Rh

11 1 1998, 1 ABO & Rh ,

12 1 (1998 ) * * 15, % ** *** **** 0% * ** *** **** 12

13 2 1) ABO ABO ( ) ( ) A B A, B, O, AB A A, B B AB A B OA B anti A anti B A anti B, Banti A O anti-a, anti-b AB anti-a anti-b 2 ABO, A B O AB A B A,B Anti-B Anti-A anti-a, anti-b 344% 272% 271% 113% 2) Rh ABO 1940 Karl Landsteiner Wiener 13

14 Rh(D), Rh(D) Rh Rhesus Rh Rh(D) D Rh, D Rh 3),, 14

15 3 1),, O AB ( ) A, B A, Rh, A, Rh Rh, Rh 2) 15

16 O A Rh O Rh ABO Rh ABO Rh 16

17 4 1) ABO (Cell typing) (Serum typing),, ABO Slide,,, ABO Slide 2) (1) (subgroups) 17

18 Receptor ABO A B O (2),, (3) (4) (Polyagglutination) (5) (Autoantibody), (Cold antibody) A, B, O AB (6) 3) (1),, (2) A, B, 18

19 4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 5) 6) (Quality),, 19

20 , 20

21 5 ABO 1) (Cell typing) Slide Plate ( ) A, B ( ) Plate Applicator( ) 1 ml View box( ) Dropper( ) FDA A B ( ) Plate A B A A, B B applicator 20mm x 40 mm View box Plate 2 21

22 2) (Cell typing),tube typing ( ) (12 x 75mm) FDA A B Dropper View box 2 5% ( ) ( ) 2-5% (2-5% 1mL Dropper 1drop ) A B A A, B B 1 drop 1 drop 3,400 rpm ( View box ) 22

23 3) (Serum typing),tube typing ( ) A, B Slide ( ) (12 x 75mm) AB 2-5% View box ( ) A B 2 ( Plain tube 2,500 rpm 5 23

24 ) A A B B 1 3,400rpm ABO A B A B A B O AB ** :, : 4) Slide Plate 2, A, B, 2 24

25 6 Rh Rh Rh(D) Rh(D) Anti-D Rh(D) Rh, Rh Rh Rh Plate 1) Plate ( ) Anti-D Plate Applicator Viewbox(Rh ) Dropper( ) ( ) Plate 1drop Anti-D 1drop (20mm x 40mm) Rh viewbox 2 25

26 2) ( ) (12 x 75mm) Dropper( ) Anti-D Viewbox ( ) 2-5% 2-5% 1drop Anti-D 1drop 3400 rpm

27 6 (Subgroup) Cis-AB, Rh(D) Weak D Rh(D) (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn) 1) Cis AB? ABO 9 ABO AB A B AB O A B Cis-AB A B AB/O A B 27

28 Cis-AB Cis-AB 2) Cis-AB 1 ( ) O Cis-AB A, Cis-AB Cis-AB Cis-AB AB Cis-AB 4, 5 4 AB Anti- A Anti-B A B

29 * : : 5 Cis-AB Anti- A Anti-B A B * : : AB A B A B Cis-AB 1968 Madsen Cis-AB A B ABO Cis-AB Fig 1 29

30 (Cis-AB ) ( O ) : AB/O : O/O : AB : O ( O ) (Cis-AB ) : O/O : AB/O : O : AB Fig 1 Cis-AB Cis-AB Cis-AB Cis-AB Cis-A1B3, Cis- A2B3, Cis-A2B 3) Cis-AB,, 30

31 Cis-AB ( ) Cis-AB, Cis-AB Cis-AB Cis-AB Cis-AB Cis-AB Rh, 4) Weak D Weak D, D 31

32 D Rh D Rh Weak D Anti-D Rh Weak D Weak D Rh Weak D Rh Rh, Rh Weak D Rh Rh Weak D Anti-D Weak D 5) Weak D Rh Rh Rh Weak D Rh Weak D Weak D 32

33 Rh Weak D Weak D 6) Rh(D) (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn) Anti-D Rh(D) Rh(D) Anti-D Rh(D) ABO & Rh Rh(D) Rh(D) Anti-D Rh(D) Rh(D) Anti-D Anti-D 33

34 ,,, 1 ABO & Rh 15,000 1% % 70% 30%, 34

35 35,, (Quality),,,

36 ABO &Rh Manual Manual 1 (Quality) 2 2 Double checking 3,, 4 ABO & Rh 36

37 , 5 A, B, O, AB Rh A Rh, Rh

38 1,, : ABO 1992; 3: ,,,, : Cis-AB ;25: ,,,, : Cis-A2B ;16: ,,,, : ABO discrepancy ;11: ,, :, 1993, Yamaguchi H, Okubo Y, Hazama F: An A2B3 phenotype blood showing atypical mode of inheritance Proc Jpa Acad 1965;41: Standard committee AABB: Standards for blood banks and transfusion services, 15 th Maryland ed American Association of Blood Banks, Bethesda, 8 Stroup Mand Treasy M: Blood group antigens and antibodies Ortho Diagnostic Systems 1982;pp:123 9 Walker RH, ed Technical manual 10 th ed Arlington, VA: American Association of Blood Banks 1990;pp: Mollison PL : Blood transfusion in clinical medicine 9 th ed London: Blackwell scientific Publications 1993;pp: Lacy PA, Caskey CR, Werner DJ, Moulds JJ : Fatal hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-d in an Rh-positive Du Variant mother Transfusion 1983;23:

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ePapyrus PDF Document 육아지원연구 2008. 제 3권 1 호, 147-170 어린이집에서의 낮잠에 대한 교사와 부모의 인식 및 실제 이 슬 기(동작구 보육정보센터)* 1) 요 약 본 연구의 목적은 어린이집에서의 일과 중 낮잠 시간에 대한 교사와 부모의 인식 및 실제를 알아봄 으로써, 교사와 부모의 협력을 통해 바람직한 낮잠 시간을 모색해 보는 데 있었다. 연구 대상은 서울, 경기지역