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1 The Expansion of Bus Networks Connecting Incheon International Airport* Ju-Seong Han** Abstract This study seeks to clarify the background and factors for the expansion of bus networks that connect Incheon International Airport with its hinterlands. For this research objective, this paper analyzes the relationships among the change of bus routes, competitive transportation modes, passenger fares, and the shortest time distance. Previously, the hinterlands of route bus networks that connect Gimpo International Airport were Seoul metropolitan area, Chungcheong region, Jeonju and Iksan in Jeollabuk-do(province). However, the opening of Incheon International Airport resulted in the expansion of the hinterlands of bus networks to Gangwon-do, Gwangju, and major cities in Youngnam region. Simultaneously, route bus networks also expanded in Seoul metropolitan area. Each bus route connecting Incheon International Airport with its hinterlands was opened by a single bus company or various bus companies. In many cases, due to the uncertainty of revenues or bus company s regional ties, a bus route was opened by various bus companies. In this paper, the analysis of the number of one-way route bus service and density of flight passengers shows that the frequency of the route bus service for Seoul except Gangseo-gu(ward) and for Seoul s satellite cities(suwon, Seongnam, Anyang, Gunpo, Guri, and Osan) should be decreased. The analysis also shows that the frequency of the route bus services for the other cities, counties(guns), and wards(gus) should be increased. In Seoul metropolitan area, although route bus fares are more expensive than subway fares, passengers use route bus more frequently than subway because time distance of route bus is shorter than that of subway and subway transfer is inconvenient. In general, outside Seoul metropolitan area, air flight is preferred in the regions that have airports. In contrast, the route bus is preferred in Daegu and other regions that do not have airports. : bus network, air passenger density, accessibility to airport, competitive transportation mode, Incheon International Airport 2007 (KRF B00792, The work was supported by the Korea-Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government(MOEHRD, KRF B00792). (Professor, Department of Geography Education, Chungbuk National University), jshan@ chungbuk.ac.kr 544

For this research objective, this paper analyzes the relationships among the change of bus routes, competitive transportation modes, passenger fares, and the shortest time distance.

2 Rimmer Black flow Chou1993Debbage1994 hub and spoke 1993 Goetz and Sutton Hurst Knowles

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17 A A A Black, W. R., 2004, Recent development in US transport geography, Hensher, D. A., Button, K. J., Haynes, K. E., and Stopher, P. R.(eds.), Handbook of Transport Geography and Spatial Systems, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Chou, Y., 1993, Airline deregulation and nodal accessibility, Journal of Transport Geographer, 1, Debbage, K. G., 1994, The international airline industry: globalization, regulation and strategic alliances, Journal of Transport Geographer, 2, Goetz, A. R. and Sutton, C. J., 1997, Deregulation in the airline industry, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 87, Hurst, M. E. E., 1974, The transportation and the societal framework, Economic Geography, 49, Ivy, R. L., 1993, Variation in hub service in the US domestic air transportation network, Journal of Transport Geographer, 1, Knowles, R., Shaw, J., and Dochert, I., 2008, Transport Geographies: Mobilities, Flows and Spaces, Blackwell, Malden. Rimmer, P., 1974, Government influence on transport decision-making in Thailand, Hurst, M. E. E.(ed.), Transportation Geography: Comments and Readings, McGraw-Hill, New York, chungbuk.ac.kr Correspondence: Ju-Seong Han, Department of Geography Education, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-no (Gaesin-dong), Hungduk-gu, Cheongju city, Korea (phone: , fax: , 560

), Handbook of Transport Geography and Spatial Systems, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 13-26. Chou, Y., 1993, Airline deregulation and nodal accessibility, Journal of Transport Geographer, 1, 36-46. Debbage, K.

232 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 I. 서 론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 사회가 다원화될수록 다양성과 복합성의 요소는 증가하게 된다. 도시의 발달은 사회의 다원 화와 밀접하게 관련되어 있기 때문에 현대화된 도시는 경제, 사회, 정치 등이 복합적으로 연 계되어 있어 특

232 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 I. 서 론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 사회가 다원화될수록 다양성과 복합성의 요소는 증가하게 된다. 도시의 발달은 사회의 다원 화와 밀접하게 관련되어 있기 때문에 현대화된 도시는 경제, 사회, 정치 등이 복합적으로 연 계되어 있어 특 한국도시행정학회 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 2012. 12 : pp.231~251 생활지향형 요소의 근린주거공간 분포특성 연구: 경기도 시 군을 중심으로* Spatial Distribution of Daily Life-Oriented Features in the Neighborhood: Focused on Municipalities of Gyeonggi Province