Original Article J Korean Soc Radiol 2019;80(1): pissn / eissn Orbital Rim Uptake o

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1 Original Article J Korean Soc Radiol 2019;80(1): pissn / eissn Orbital Rim Uptake on Bone Scans and Its Clinical Significance Yeong Uk Hwang, MD, Soon Joo Cha, MD* Department of Radiology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea Purpose This study is to evaluate orbital rim uptake on bone scan and to discuss their clinical significance. Materials and Methods From January 2011 to August 2013, 3149 cases of bone scans were analyzed to check for existence of uptake abnormalities in the orbital rim with relative size and position. The bone scans were compared with either positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) or computed tomography (CT). For cases without other imaging examinations, comparisons were made with other bone scans. Results In total, 13 cases of the orbital rib uptake were ultimately evaluated. In 6 cases, the intake abnormalities of the orbital rim appeared in superior lateral aspect of the orbital rim to occupy the highest frequency (46.2%). Distinctively, bone scans showed no abnormal uptake in medial and inferior aspect of orbital rim. The 10 cases are compared with PET/CT or CT and as a result, there are no abnormalities that correspond to the orbital lesions of bone scans. The 3 cases were compared with other bone scans and no changes in the orbital lesions were confirmed between the bone scans. Conclusion There is an unilateral, small, focal orbital rim uptake on bone scans to be possibility of nonspecific benign lesions. Received October 11, 2016 Revised August 25, 2017 Accepted November 25, 2018 *Corresponding author Soon Joo Cha, MD Department of Radiology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, 170 Juhwa-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 10380, Korea. Tel Fax chasoonj@paik.ac.kr This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distri-bution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ORCID ids Soon Joo Cha orcid.org/ Yeong Uk Hwang orcid.org/ Index terms Radioisotope Scanning; Orbital Area; Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography; Multidetector Computed Tomography 서론 전신골스캔 (whole body bone scan) 은현재임상에서가장많이이용되는근골격계핵의학영상검사로국내에서시행된핵의학영상검사의약 38% 를차지하고있다 (1). 골스캔은골의구조적변화보다는기능적변화를영상기전으로이용하기때문에해부학적영상에서보이지않는골병변을조기에발견할수있는매우예민한방법이며, 전신의뼈를한꺼번에평가할수있어각종암의뼈전이여부를알아보기위해널리이용되고있다. 그러나국소 Copyrights 2019 The Korean Society of Radiology 81

2 골병변부위에골스캔제제의섭취정도는종양뿐만아니라, 염증, 골절등원인질환에관계없이서로유사한스캔소견을보이게되어특이성이낮다는단점도있다. 또한, 골섭취의변화는골의병적인변화가아니라도골의생리및해부학적구조에따라골형성이나골교체율이변화된정상골에서도발생될수있으며, 이는골스캔상에서병적인골병소와유사하여위양성소견을나타낼수있다 (2, 3). 따라서골스캔을정확히판독하고판독상의오류를막기위해서는골스캔의섭취변화뿐만아니라환자의병력, 증상, 혈액검사등다양한환자의임상정보를파악하고, 다른영상검사소견과의비교를해야한다. 특히, 특별한임상증상을동반하지않는환자의골스캔에서우연히발견된골흡수에대해서양성병변과악성병변을구분하는것은쉽지않아추적골스캔검사나다른영상검사와비교를하게되며, 필요할경우추가적인조직검사를시행하게된다. 골스캔에서안와병변은매우드물게발견되며, 국내에서이와관련하여아직구체적으로분석한연구는없으며, 외국문헌에서골스캔의상외측면 (superior lateral) 안와병변만을제한적으로분석한보고가있다 (3, 4). 이에본연구는골스캔에서발견된다양한안와병변의골스캔소견을분석하고이의임상적의미에대해알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 연구대상 2011년 1월부터 2013년 08월까지본원을내원하여다양한이유로시행된골스캔총 3149명중에서 32명에서골스캔상안와에이상소견이발견되었다. 이중안와주변으로직접적인외상력이있었던환자 8명은배제하였다. 또한, 전후 2년 6개월이내다른골스캔검사나안와를포함하는다른영상검사가없는 8명의환자도배제하였다. 그리고의무기록을통해임상정보를얻을수없었던 3명을제외한총 13명의환자의골스캔을분석하였다. 연구방법 골스캔검사방법골스캔은 Technetium 99m-methyl diphosphonate ( 이하 99mTc MDP) 를 740 MBq (25 mci) 를투여한 4시간후에, 저에너지고해상도조준기가장착된이중헤드감마카메라 (E-CAM, Siemens Healthineers, Walpole, MA, USA) 를이용하여획득하였다. 전면상및후면상전신촬영을시행하였고, 필요한경우추가적으로국소촬영을시행하였다. 영상소견의분석골스캔영상은한명의영상의학과핵의학담당전문의와담당전공의가합의하에분석하였다. 골스캔에서이상섭취가없을경우, 정상소견으로판단하였으며안와주위로섭취이상소견이보인경우, 전후최대 2년 6개월이내안와를포함하는양전자방출단층촬영 (positron emission tomography-computed tomography) 이나전산화단층촬영 (computed tomography) 과비교하 82 jksronline.org

3 대한영상의학회지 2019;80(1):81-87 여이상소견이있는지확인하였다. 전후 2년 6개월이내에안와를포함하는다른영상검사가없는경우, 전후최대 2년 6개월이내다른골스캔에서변화가없는지를비교하였다. 비특이적인안와주위섭취가확인된경우, 각예들의안와주위에서의위치와크기를분석하였다. 안와주위에서방향은상측 (superior), 상내측 (superior medial), 내측 (medial), 하내측 (inferior medial), 하측 (inferior), 하외측 (inferior lateral), 외측 (lateral), 상외측 (superior lateral) 으로크게 8개로나누어분류하였으며, 크기는안와둘레를 4등분하여, 4분의 1을넘는지를확인하였다. 결과 골스캔에서안와주위에골흡수의증가가관찰된총 13명의환자는남자 8명 (61.5%), 여자 5명 (38.5%) 이었으며, 평균연령은 57.7세였다. 13명의환자중, 10명 (76.9%) 의환자가원발암의전이여부확인을위해, 2명 (15.4%) 은안와주변으로직접적인외상이아닌흉부와등의외상으로인한통증으로단순촬영에서관찰되지않는골절확인을위해, 나머지 1명 (7.7%) 은염증성질환의침범여부를확인하기위해골스캔을촬영하였다. 원발암의종류로는유방암, 전립선암, 방광암, 신장암, 비중격암이있었으며, 이중유방암과전립선암이가장많은빈도를차지하였다 (Table 1). 13예중 10예에서전후 2년 6개월이내에안와를포함하는양전자단층촬영이나전산화단층촬영을비교하였다. 안와병변이관찰된골스캔과비교된다른영상검사사이시간간격은평균 6개월로나타났으며, 다른영상검사에서골스캔의안와병변과대응되는구조에이상소견은관찰되지않았다 (Fig. 1). 나머지 3예에서는전후 2년 6개월이내에촬영된다른골스캔과비교하였다. 촬영된두골스캔사이시간간격은평균 15개월로나타났으며, 골스캔간에의미있는안와병변의변화는관찰되지않았다 (Fig. 2). 총 13명의환자중 8예 (61.5%) 에서는오른쪽안와주위에, 5예 (38.5%) 에서왼쪽안와주위에골흡수의증가가관찰되었다. 안와주위에서의골흡수증가는상 Table 1. Characteristics of Patients and Patterns of Orbital Rim Uptake in Bone Scans Case Age/ Comparison Time Clinical Underlying Disease Uptake Side Location Size No. Gender Imaging Interval Diagnosis 1 M/32 Urinary bladder cancer Right Superior lateral < 1/4 Bone scan 26 months NS 2 M/69 Prostate cancer Right Superior lateral < 1/4 PET/CT 13 months NS 3 M/73 Renal cancer Left Superior lateral < 1/4 PET/CT 5 months NS 4 M/47 Ankylosing spondylitis Right Superior lateral < 1/4 CT 3 months NS 5 M/61 Renal cancer Left Lateral < 1/4 PET/CT 5 months NS 6 F/68 Trauma Left Superior medial < 1/4 CT 6 months NS 7 M/75 Prostate cancer Right Inferior lateral < 1/4 PET/CT 14 months NS 8 M/89 Prostate cancer Right Inferior lateral < 1/4 Bone scan 12 months NS 9 M/39 Trauma Right Lateral < 1/4 CT 1 month NS 10 F/50 Breast cancer Left Inferior medial < 1/4 Bone scan 7 months NS 11 F/47 Breast cancer Right Superior lateral < 1/4 PET/CT 2 months NS 12 F/48 Nasal septal cancer Left Superior lateral < 1/4 PET/CT 1 day NS 13 F/53 Breast cancer Right Inferior lateral < 1/4 PET/CT 7 months NS NS = nonspecific, PET/CT =positron emission tomography-computed tomography 83

4 Fig. 1. A 48-year-old female with nasal septal epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. A. Anterior view of the bone scan shows discrete focal activity in the left superior lateral margin of the orbital rim (arrow). B, C. Axial and coronal fused positron emission tomography-computed tomography images demonstrate no corresponding abnormal uptake in the left superior lateral margin of the orbital rim. A B C A B Fig. 2. A 32-year-old male with urinary bladder cancer. A. Anterior view of the bone scan shows discrete focal activity in the superior lateral margin of the orbital rim (arrow). B. The bone scan performed at the 2-year follow up demonstrates no remarkable change over time (arrowhead). 측 (superior), 상내측 (superior medial), 하내측 (inferior medial), 상외측 (superior lateral), 하외측 (inferior lateral), 외측 (lateral) 에나타났으며, 그중상외측 (superior lateral) 에서 6예로가장많은빈도 (46.2%) 를차지하였다. 특징적으로, 안와주위의상측 (superior), 내측 (medial), 하측 (inferior) 에는골흡수의증가가나타나지않았다 (Table 1). 고찰 골스캔은뼈의기능적변화를영상기전으로이용하기때문에, 다른방사선검사에서는보이지 84 jksronline.org

5 대한영상의학회지 2019;80(1):81-87 않는뼈병변을조기에발견할수있을뿐만아니라, 전신의뼈를한꺼번에쉽게평가할수있어널리이용되고있다. 골스캔이골병변을찾는데있어서매우유용한검사방법이지만, 종양, 염증, 골절등원인질환에관계없이서로유사한스캔소견을보이게되어어떤골병변인지를감별하는데있어서는제한점이있다. 따라서골스캔에서어떠한골흡수가나타났을때가장중요한것은이것이양성병변인지, 악성병변인지를구분하는것이다 (3). 골스캔에서두개골에골흡수가있을경우, 골외악성종양환자의약 20% 에서골전이에의한골흡수가나타나는것으로알려져있다 (3). 하지만두개골은계수율이상당히낮고방사능섭취가고르지않아골전이외에도비특이적인미만성혹은국소적인골흡수를나타낼수있어판독시주의를요하게된다 (2). 두개골에보이는미만성섭취증가는대부분노인여성에서폐경기에골다골증과관련된생리적인현상과관련되는것으로알려져있다 (5, 6). 국소적섭취증가는크게대칭적인경우와그렇지않은경우로나뉘게된다. 대칭적인국소적섭취증가로는이마뼈의속판 (inner table) 의과성장을특징으로하는내전두골화과잉증 (hyperostosis frontalis interna) 이대표적이다 (7-9). 특히, 두개골의한쪽에발생한국소적섭취증가는골전이를평가할때어려움을주게되는데양성병변의경우대부분봉합선을따라서또는중심선상에서보이며다른방사선학적소견상정상을보이는게특징적이다 (2). 본연구결과, 골스캔에서안와주위섭취는두개골한쪽에서국소적으로나타났으며, 크기는안와둘레와비교시 4분의 1을넘지않았다. 다른영상검사와비교시골스캔의안와섭취와대응되는구조물에이상소견은보이지않았으며, 일정간격을두고촬영된다른골스캔과비교시에도의미있는변화는관찰되지않아원발암또는전이암외에도임상적으로비특이적인양성병변이나골의생리및해부학적구조물의가능성도고려해보아야될것으로판단하였다. 연구기간에는포함되지않았으나, 13명의환자중 5명의환자에서추가적인골스캔만을, 4명의환자에서추가적인골스캔과안와를포함하는다른영상검사를시행하였으며, 골스캔간에의미있는변화나다른영상검사에서안와주위에이상소견은보이지않아양성병변의가능성도고려해보아야될것으로판단하였다. 골스캔에서안와주위의양성골흡수의원인으로는다양한것들이알려져있는데, 지망막과립 (pacchionian granulation) 에서의골반응성변화, 두개골내의잔여연골등이대표적이며, 본연구의안와주위골흡수에도이러한원인들이관여할것으로생각된다 (2, 10). 또한, 특징적으로골스캔의안와주위골흡수와다른영상검사와비교하였을때병변들이두개골의여러봉합선상과인접하여위치하고있었는데, 외상측면 (superior lateral) 과외측면 (lateral) 의안와병변은이마광대봉합 (frontozygomatic suture), 상내측면 (superior medial) 은이마코뼈봉합 (frontonasal suture), 내하측면 (inferior medial) 은코위턱봉합 (nasomaxillary suture), 하외측면 (inferior lateral) 은광대위턱봉합 (zygomaticomaxillary suture) 과각각인접하여위치하고있었다. 안와주위의상측 (superior), 내측 (medial), 하측 (inferior) 에는골흡수의증가가나타나지않았는데, 이는해부학적으로이와대응되는봉합선상의부재에의한것으로추측되며, 봉합선상과안와주위골흡수간에연관성이있는것으로판단되었다. 본연구의골스캔소견과반대로, 여러군데에불규칙적인표면을갖는골흡수가봉합선상주변 85

6 이외의비전형적인위치에나타난다면양성보다는악성병변의가능성이높다는것을고려해볼수있겠으며, 다른영상검사와비교하여이상소견이있는지, 추적골스캔검사에서변화가나타나는지확인이필요하겠다. 이연구의제한점으로첫째, 소수의환자를대상으로하여표본수의제한이있다는점이다. 연구기간내전체골스캔검사에서안와병변이발견되는경우는매우드물다 (0.4%). 둘째, 안와를포함하는양전자단층촬영이나전산화단층촬영혹은추적검사를통해임상적인진단은되었지만, 모든골흡수의조직학적진단을확인하지는못했다는점이다. 초기병변의경우나병변의특성에따라다른영상검사에서이상소견이명확하게나타나지않을수있기때문에영상검사만으로양성인지악성인지를모두구분지을수는없다. 추후에더많은환자군을대상으로한전향적인연구가필요하며가능하다면조직학적진단도추가되어야할것으로생각된다. 본연구를통해, 골스캔에서두개골한쪽에봉합선상과인접하여국소적으로안와주위골병변이나타날경우악성뿐만아니라양성골병변의가능성을반드시염두에두어야된다는것을알수있었다. 골스캔에서안와주위골병변을나타낸환자에게병변의확인을위한침습적인시술을즉각적으로시행하기보다는다른진단적영상검사를통해골스캔의안와병변과대응되는구조물에이상소견이없는지, 추적골스캔검사에서변화가없는지를확인하는것이바람직할것이라생각된다. Conflicts of Interest The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose. REFERENCES 1. Moon DH, Ryu JS. Recent advances in musculoskeletal nuclear medicine. J Korean Med Assoc 2003;46: Sohn MH. Normal variants and artifacts in bone scan: potential for errors in interpretation. Korean J Nucl Med 2004;38: Thang SP, Tan AE, Goh AS. Bone scan Hot Spot at the superior lateral orbital margin fronto-zygomatic suture uptake characterized with Tc-99m MDP SPECT/CT. World J Nucl Med 2011;10: Swiętaszczyk C, Pilecki SE. Enhanced accumulation of bone seekers at superior lateral orbital margin: potential origin. World J Nucl Med 2014;13: Senda K, Itoh S. Evaluation of diffusely high uptake by the calvaria in bone scintigraphy. Ann Nucl Med 1987;1: Suematsu T, Yoshida S, Motohara T, Fujiwara H, Nishii H, Komiyama T, et al. [Diffusely increased uptake in the skull in normal bone scans]. Kaku Igaku 1992;29: Jacobsson H, Haverling M. Hyperostosis cranii. Radiography and scintigraphy compared. Acta Radiol 1988;29: Ceylan E, Caner B. Evolution of hyperostosis frontalis interna butterfly sign demonstrated by bone scan. Clin Nucl Med 2003;28: Novetsky GJ, Berlin L. Bone scintigraphy in hyperostosis frontalis interna. Clin Nucl Med 1982;7: Harbert J, Desai R. Small calvarial bone scan foci--normal variations. J Nucl Med 1985;26: jksronline.org

7 대한영상의학회지 2019;80(1):81-87 황영욱 차순주 * 목적본연구는골스캔에서발견된안와병변의골스캔소견을분석하고임상적의미에대해알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 2011 년 1월부터 2013년 08월까지본원에서환자 3149명을대상으로시행된골스캔을분석하여안와주위에섭취이상유무를확인하였다. 안와주위로섭취이상소견이보인경우안와주위에서의상대적인위치와크기를분석하였다. 또한, 골스캔과양전자방출단층촬영이나전산화단층촬영과비교하여이상소견이있는지확인하였다. 안와를포함하는다른영상검사가없는경우다른골스캔에서병변의변화가없는지를비교하였다. 결과총 13예의안와병변을최종적으로분석하였다. 안와주위의섭취이상은한쪽에서국소적으로나타났으며, 안와의외상측에서가장많이나타났다 (46.2%). 특징적으로, 안와주위의내측, 하측에는골흡수의증가가나타나지않았다. 13예중 10예 (76.9%) 에서양전자단층촬영이나전산화단층촬영과비교하였으며, 그결과골스캔의안와병변과대응되는구조에이상소견은관찰되지않았다. 나머지 3예 (23.1%) 에서는다른골스캔과비교하였으며, 골스캔간에안와병변의변화는관찰되지않았다. 결론골스캔에서안와주위골병변이한쪽에서작은국소병변으로나타날경우비특이적인양성병변일가능성이높을것으로판단된다. 인제대학교의과대학일산백병원영상의학과 87

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