이광률OK*

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "42-1-03이광률OK*"

재승 서
8 years ago
Views:

1 Analysis on Channel Morphology and Rock Resistance by Difference of Bedrock Types between Upper and Lower Reach Gwang-Ryul Lee* 6 GIS : Abstract The streams evolve to diverse forms influenced by various factors such as rock resistance, tectonic process, sediments and discharge. This study focuses on erosion resistance of rocks among these factors. The morphology of plane and longitudinal profile has been analysed in upper and lower reach of 6 streams using GIS; Yeoryong-cheon, Heungjeong-cheon, Duhak-cheon, Daehwa-cheon, Namcheon-cheon, Guryong-cheon, having distinct bedrock types between upper and lower reach. While the basins of granite have gentle slope, low concavity and wide valley area, those of gneiss form steep slope, high concavity and narrow valley area. However, the basins of sedimentary rock make steep slope and high relief in main channel, the other features show some differences in each stream. Among the various morphological features, the indices on slope and concavity of main channel, drainage density, ratio of valley area, average slope and average relief of the basin which have clear differences between rocks in upper and lower reach are calculated to interpret the erosion resistance of rocks in upper and lower reach. As a result, the upper reaches composed of gneiss have the highest erosion resistance, sedimentary rocks in upper and lower reaches show moderate resistance, and granite reaches generally have the lowest resistance except the upper reaches bordered by sedimentary rock. : fluvial geomorphology, difference of lithology, erosion resistance, channel longitudinal profile, concavity, channel slope, relief Full-time Lecturer Department of Geography Education Kyungpook National University georiver@knu.ac.kr 27

2 Ritter et al Leopold et al Gilbert 1877 VanLaningham et al Stock and Montgomery 1999 Miller and Gupta 1999 VanLaningham et al GIS GIS 1997 GIS 1998 GIS Clayton and Shamoon 1998 Grid Mills 2003 DEM ERI Meybeck Kelson and Wells Ahmad et al Snyder et al

2006 50 30 20 3 20 2005 2005 GIS GIS 1997 GIS 1998 GIS Clayton and Shamoon 1998 Grid Mills

3 Hodgkinson et al Queensland Laceys VanLaningham et al Wohl 1999 GIS km ,000 ArcGis TIN 5m GRID 1 5,000 S Concavity C Leopold et al Goldrick and Bishop 2006 S AD=cot Y A -Y D X A -X D X C AD= B -X A Y B +Y A + X C -X B Y C +Y B + X D -X C Y D +Y C - X D - X A Y D +Y A 29

4 6 I I A= A-A min A max -A min 0 30km

5 1 25 6km 110 4km km 24 1km 147 2km m km 10 1km 29 6km 2 777m 5 5 5km 18 3km 85 9km m 6 9 6km 13 6km 49 5km m 7 9 7km 18 4km 46 3km 2 544m 10 9km

3km 85 9km 2 1 141m 6 9 6km 13 6km 49 5km 2 1

6 이광률 그림 3. 어룡천 유역분지의 지형과 지질 그림 4. 흥정천 유역분지의 지형과 지질 그림 5. 두학천 유역분지의 지형과 지질 -`32`-

7 상 하류의 기반암 차이에 따른 하천의 형태와 암석의 저항력 분석 그림 6. 대화천 유역분지의 지형과 지질 그림 7. 남천천 유역분지의 지형과 지질 그림 8. 구룡천 유역분지의 지형과 지질 -`33`-

8 km km2 m m m km km 2 m m 697m 645m 349m 291m 122m 902m 693m 150m 33m 363m 54m

7 1.13 4.043 83.6 319 10.1 29.6 0.34 349 17.2 106 1.10 0.27 40.8 1.38 2.440 8.2 241 264 5.5 14.3 0.38 427 24.2 101 1.73 0.23 15.5 1.08 0.472 19.3 86 236 4.6 15.3 0.30 278 9.7 39 0.35 0.12 25.3 1.66 1.

9 m 88m 101m 141m 126m 39m 146m 224m 89m 25m 101m 81m 209m 146m concave Knighton 1998 Leopold et al convex 11 5km 24km

1992 6 9 0 55 1 15 0 40 0 35 1 06 1 76 0 31 0 17 1 73 0 80 0 48

10 ( 3), 72%, 5%.,,,,,., Knighton 1998 Wohl 1999 Knighton 1998 Ritter

11 Knighton 1998 Leopold et al Knighton 1998 VanLaningham et al index

75 0 92 0 48 4 1 00 0 30 0 45 0 86 1 00 1 00 0 77 1 0 60 0 18 0 21 0 14 0 91 0 61 0 44 4 0 40 0 28 0 38 0 70 0 42 0 28 0 41 5 0 00 0 15 0 18

13 GIS Ahmad, R., Scatene, F. N., and Gupta, A., 1993, Morphology and sedimentation in Caribbean montane streams: examples from Jamaica and Puerto Rico, Sedimentary Geology, 85, Clayton, K. and Shammon, N., 1998, A new approach to the relief of Great Britain II. A classification of rocks based on relative resistance to denudation, Geomorphology, 25, Gilbert, G.K., 1877, Report on the Geology of the Henry Mountains: U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Goldrick, G. and Bishop, P., 2006, Regional analysis of bedrock stream long profiles: evaluation of Hack s SL form, and formulation and assessment of an alternative (the DS form), Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, pulished on line(in press), DOI: /esp Goudie, A., 1995, The Changing Earth, Blackwel, New York. Hodgkinson, J. H., McLoughlin, S., and Cox, M, 2006, The influence of geological fabric and scale on drainage pattern analysis in catchment of metamorphic terrain: Laceys Creek, southeast Queensland, Australia, Geomorphology, 81, Kelson, K. I. and Wells, S. G., 1989, Geologic influences on fluvial hydrology and bedload transport in small mountainous watersheds, Northern New Mexico, U.S.A., Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 14(8), Knighton, D., 1998, Fluvial Forms and Processes, Oxford University Press, New York. Leopold, L. B., Wolman, M. G., and Miller, J. P., 1992, Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology, Dover Publication, New York. Meybeck, M., 1987, Global chemical weathering of surficial rocks estimated from river dissolved loads, American Journal of Science, 287, Miller, A. J. and Gupta, A., 1999, Varieties of Fluvial Form, John Wiley & Sons. Mills, H. H., 2003, Inferring erosional resistance of bedrock units in the east Tennessee mountains from digital elevation data, Geomorphology, 55, Ritter, D. F., Kochel, R. C., and Miller, J. R, 1995, Process Geomorphology, Wm. C. Brown Publishers. Dubuque. Snyder, N. P., Whipple, K. X., Tucker, G. E., and Merritts, D. J., 2003, Channel response to tectonic forcing: field analysis of stream morphology and hydrology in the Mendocino triple junction region, northern California, Geomorphology, 53, Stock, J. D. and Montgomery, D. R., 1999, Geologic constraints on bedrock river incision using the stream power law, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, VanLaningham, S., Meigs, A., and Goldfinger, C., 2006, The effect of rock uplift and rock resistance on river morphology in a subduction zone forearc, Oregon, USA, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 31,

, 1998, A new approach to the relief of Great Britain II. A classification of rocks based on relative resistance to denudation, Geomorphology, 25, 155-171. Gilbert, G.K.

14 Wohl, E. E., 1999, Incised bedrock channels, in Darby, S. E. and Simon, A.(eds.), Incised River Channels: Processes, Forms, Engineering and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, Correspondence: Gwang-Ryul Lee, Department of Geography Education, Kyungpook National University, Sankyuk-Dong, Buk-Gu, Daegu, Korea, ( phone: ) 40

44-3대지.02이광률c

44-3대지.02이광률c Properties of Channel and Evolutions of Fluvial Terraces in Odae River Gwang-Ryul Lee* 1 3 OSL 1 MIS 2 2 MIS 3 2 0 205m/ka 0 269m/ka Abstract This study analyzes the properties of fluvial landforms in