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1 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) (Regular Paper) 20 2, (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD a), a), a), a) A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique JongGyu Oh a), YongJu Won a), JinSeop Lee a), and JoonTae Kim a) UHDTV (Ultra High Definition TV) (Convergence Broadcasting). DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) - T2 (2nd Generation Terrestrial) Multiple-PLP (Physical layer Pipe) SHVC (Scalable High efficiency Video Coding), 4K UHD & HD. Multiple-PLP, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). FFT & FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD. DVB-T2 FEF 4K UHD & HD. SHVC, 6 MHz & 8 MHz, TOV (Threshold of Visibility) AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise), Brazil-D, TU (Typical Urban)-6. 6MHz 8MHz 4K UHD & HD. Abstract In this paper, the possibility of a terrestrial fixed 4K UHD (Ultra High Definition) and mobile HD (High Definition) convergence broadcasting service through a single channel employing the FEF (Future Extension Frame) multiplexing technique in DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting)-T2 (Second Generation Terrestrial) systems is examined. The performance of such a service is also investigated. FEF multiplexing technology can be used to adjust the FFT (fast Fourier transform) and CP (cyclic prefix) size for each layer, whereas M-PLP (Multiple-Physical Layer Pipe) multiplexing technology in DVB-T2 systems cannot. The convergence broadcasting service scenario, which can provide fixed 4K UHD and mobile HD broadcasting through a single terrestrial channel, is described, and transmission requirements of the SHVC (Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding) technique are predicted. A convergence broadcasting

2 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique) transmission system structure is described by employing FEF and transmission technologies in DVB-T2 systems. Optimized transmission parameters are drawn to transmit 4K UHD and HD convergence broadcasting by employing a convergence broadcasting transmission structure, and the reception performance of the optimized transmission parameters under AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise), static Brazil-D, and time-varying TU (Typical Urban)-6 channels is examined using computer simulations to find the TOV (threshold of visibility). From the results, for the 6 and 8 MHz bandwidths, reliable reception of both fixed 4K UHD and mobile HD layer data can be achieved under a static fixed and very fast fading multipath channel. Keyword : Digital convergence broadcasting, Fixed 4K UHD broadcasting, Mobile HD broadcasting, Digital broadcasting transmission systems, FEF., Post-HD UHDTV (Ultra High Definition TV) (Convergence Broadcasting) [1]. 1. DVB-S HbbTV Fig. 1. HbbTV Hybrid Terminal System Overview with DVB-S satellite broadcasting transmission system a) (Department of Electronic Engineering, Konkuk University) Corresponding Author : (Joon Tae Kim) jtkim@konkuk.ac.kr Tel: ORCID: ( ) This research was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Korea, under the Information Communication and Media Original Technology Development project ( ) Manuscript February 11, 2015; received March 30, 2015; Accepted March 30, 2015.

3 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) (Set-Top) HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV) [2]-[4]. NHK 2014 Openhouse Hybridcast for 8K Super Hi-vision [5], ATSC 3.0 HbbTV, [4][6]. HbbTV, 1 (Return Path). HbbTV, (Signalling) (Application) [3]. HbbTV, HbbTV (Set-Top Box) TV [4]. HbbTV. NHK 2014 Openhouse 8K SHV Hybridcast for 8K Super Hi-vision [5],,, (fixed) (Mobile). 3 6MHz ATSC 8-VSB (Vestigial SideBand) [7] HD, MHz DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) Eureak-147 DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) [8][9] QVGA (320x240 ). 1 ATSC 8-VSB 1990, ATSC 8-VSB UHDTV., DMB 2. Hybridcast for 8K Super Hi-vision (NHK 2014 openhouse) Fig. 2. Hybridcast for 8K Super Hi-vision service scenario (NHK 2014 openhouse)

4 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique) Terrestrial Static Terrestrial Transmitting station 6MHz Bandwidth ATSC 8-VSB Systems HD (1920 x 1080) Broadcasting service Spectral Efficiency Problem l l Transmission capacity lack for UHDTV 1 st generation digital broadcasting techniques Terrestrial Mobile DMB Transmitting station 1.536MHz Bandwidth Eureka-147 Systems (Modified) QVGA (320 x 240) Broadcasting service Low Resolution 3. & [10] Fig. 3. Domestic terrestrial static & mobile digital broadcasting services, systems, and problems [10], LTE QVGA Pooq Tving (1280x 720 ). HD,. & [10]-[11]. [10] DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) - T2 (2nd Generation Terrestrial) [12] HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) - SHVC (Scalable HEVC) [13][14], 4K UHD & HD. [10] SHVC, 4K UHD HD DVB-T2 Multiple-PLP (Physical Layer Pipe). 6MHz & 8MHz, AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) TU (Typical Urban) - 6. [10] Multiple-PLP, OFDM. (static) 4K UHD FFT &, HD FFT &.

5 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) SHVC, 4K UHD HD. SHVC, 4K UHD FFT, HD FFT FFT &. FEF (Future Extension Frame) DVB-T2 Lite profile [12], FFT &. [10] Multiple-PLP FEF 4K UHD & HD.. 2 [10] 4K UHD HD,. 3 DVB-T2, FEF. FEF 4K UHD & HD K UHD & HD Fig. 4. Fixed 4K UHD & mobile HD convergence broadcasting service diagram through single terrestrial channel

6 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique) TOV (Threshold of Visibility), AWGN, Brazil-D, TU II. 4K UHD & HD 1. 4K UHD & HD [10] 4K UHD & HD 4. SVC (Scalable Video Coding), 8K UHD 8K UHD (Enhanced), 4K UHD HD (Base). 4K UHD HD. 4K UHD HD 4K UHD, HD HD. 4K UHD HD, 8K UHD 8K UHD. 4K UHD HD, HD DMB K UHD HD Fig. 5. Service replacement diagram when fixed 4K UHD & mobile HD convergence broadcasting services are provided

7 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) 4K UHD HD., 4K UHD HD,. 2. 4K UHD & HD, SVC 8K UHD 4K UHD HD. SVC H.264 MPEG-2 2, SVC [15]. HEVC (High Efficien- cy Video Coding) H.264, MPEG-2 2 H %. HEVC UHDTV &,,, (Scalable) [13][14]. SHVC (Scalable HEVC) H.264, [14]. 6 SHVC, UHD SHVC. UHD, HD. HD SHVC HD, UHD 6. SHVC Fig. 6. SHVC Encoding & Decoding technique concept diagram

8 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique) UHD. SHVC UHD HD UHD. SHVC 6 & 8 MHz 4K UHD HD. 7, HEVC (Encoder) worst-case 4K UHD 25 Mbps, worst-case HD 7 Mbps. 4K UHD SHVC, HD 4K UHD Mbps HEVC 4K UHD 16.5% [14], 15 %., 4K UHD HD 4K UHD Mbps, HD 7 Mbps. HEVC,. III. FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD 1. DVB-T2 DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) - T2 (2nd Generation Terrestrial) [12] 1 DVB-T 2, K UHD Video Raw Data HEVC Encoder 4K UHD Video 25 Mbps (Real Time) HD Video Raw Data HEVC Encoder HD Video 7 Mbps (Real Time) 4K UHD Video Raw Data SHVC Encoder 4K UHD Enhanced Video Mbps (15 % Decreased than complete 4K UHD video) Base HD Video 7 Mbps 7. SHVC 4K UHD HD Fig. 7. Required data of 4K UHD & HD video by employing SHVC

9 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015). 4K UHD KBS DVB-T2 [1][16]. DVB-T2 CP (Cyclic Prefix) - OFDM (Ortho- gonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), CP [17]. < 1> LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) [18] & BCH [19][20] FEC (Forward Error Correction), 64,800 16,200 FEC. BCH & LDPC 1. DVB-T2 Table 1. DVB-T2 broadcasting systems and transimission modes FEC LDPC & BCH (FEC : ) Channel code 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6 Constellation QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM Guard Interval 1/4, 19/256, 1/8, 19/128, 1/16, 1/32, 1/128 FFT Size Pilot Mode 1K, 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K, 32K PP1~PP8 ( 1% ~ 8% ) (Shannon Limit), [21]. DVB-T2 QPSK, 16QAM, 64 QAM 256 QAM (Constellation), DVB-T 256 QAM., (Cell), (Interleaving), (Cyclic) Q [22]., Q FEC ( : Cell = / 4 (16 QAM) ). 2. FEF & DVB-T2 Lite [10] Multiple-PLP, 8. FEF DVB-T2 Fig. 8. DVB-T2 transmission frame structure employing FEF

10 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique) OFDM. (static) 4K UHD FFT &, HD FFT &. SHVC, 4K UHD HD. SHVC, 4K UHD FFT, HD FFT FFT &. FEF (Future Extension Frame) DVB-T2 Lite profile [12], FEF FFT &. P1 & P2 Multiple-PLP. FEF DVB-T2, 8 T2 FEF [12]. [10] Mutliple-PLP T2 OFDM, FEF T2 FEF OFDM, OFDM DVB-T2 FEF DVB-T2 Lite Annex-I T2 T2-Base, 2 FEC DVB-T2 Lite < 2>. 2. DVB-T2 Lite Table 2. DVB-T2 Lite profile FEC LDPC & BCH, s Only Channel code 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4 Constellation QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM, 256 QAM Guard Interval 1/4, 19/256, 1/8, 19/128, 1/16, 1/32, 1/128 FFT Size Pilot Mode Maximum T2-Lite Frame Length Channel 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K PP1~PP7 1 Second (250 ms for T2-Base profile) 3. T2-Lite Table 3. Combinations of modulation, code for which rotated castellation may be used for data with T2-Lite profile Constellation QPSK 16QAM 64QAM 256QAM 1/3 X 2/5 X 1/2 X 3/5 X 2/3 NA 3/4 NA means that this combination may be used with or without constellation rotation. X means that constellation rotation shall not be used for this combination NA means that this combination shall not be used. < 3> T2-Lite, 256 QAM. < 4> T2-Lite FFT Scattered, T2-Base PP8.

11 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) 4. T2-Lite FFT Scattered Pilot (SISO ) Table 4. Scattered pilot pattern to be used for T2-Lite for each allowed combination of FFT size and guard interval in SISO mode FFT Size 16K 8K Guard Interval 1/128 1/32 1/16 19/256 1/8 19/128 1/4 PP7 PP7 4K, 2K NA PP6 PP7 PP4 PP7 PP4 PP7 PP4 PP5 PP4 PP5 PP4 PP5 PP2 PP4 PP5 PP4 PP5 NA PP2 PP3 PP2 PP3 PP2 PP3 * NA means that this combination shall not be used. PP2 PP3 PP2 PP3 NA PP1 PP1 PP1 9 DVB T2-base T2-Lite, OFDM CP (Cyclic Prefix) P1 OFDM. T2-Base FFT 32,768 T2-Lite FFT 2,048, T2-base T2-base (T2-base FEF_INTERVAL) 3 T2-Lite T2-Lite (T2-lite FEF_INTERVAL) 2. Base Lite 2 Base Lite, P1 FFT 2048 X T (Elementary Period [12] ). P1 P2 < 5> T2-Base FFT 32,768 Base P2 (Np2_base) 1, T2-Lite FFT 2,048 Lite P2 9. DVB T2-base T2-Lite Fig. 9. The frame structure of DVB T2-base and T2-Lite signal

12 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique) (Np2_lite) 8. OFDM (Ldata_base, Ldata_lite) OFDM. 5. FFT Np2 Table 5. NP2 depend on FFT Size FFT Np2 1, , , , , ,768 1 Base Lite, < 5> P1 S1. P1,. 3. FEF 4K UHD & HD 2 4K UHD & HD 4K UHD Mbps, HD 7 Mbps. [10] 6 MHz Multiple-PLP FFT MHz 8 MHz.,, HEVC 6 MHz [10] 15%. 8 MHz [10].. FEF, DVB-T2, SHVC 4K UHD & HD 10. < 7>, SHVC 4K UHD Base, HD 7. 4K UHD HD Table 7. Required transmission data of each 4K UHD & HD layer for 6 & 8 MHz bandwidth Bandwidth 4K UHD Layer HD Layer 8 MHz Mbps 7 Mbps 6 MHz Mbps (15% decreased than the data- in 8MHz) 5.95 Mbps (15% decreased than the data- in 8MHz) 6. P1 S1 Table 5. S1 Field Information which are carried by P1 symbol S1 Preamble Format / P2 Type Description 000 T2_SISO The preamble is a T2-base preamble and the P2 part is transmitted in its SISO format 001 T2_MISO The preamble is a T2-base preamble and the P2 part is transmitted in its MISO format 010 Non-T2-011 T2_LITE_SISO The preamble is a preamble of a T2-Lite signal (see annex I). The P2 part is transmitted in its SISO format 100 T2_LITE_MISO The preamble is a preamble of a T2-Lite signal (see annex I). The P2 part is transmitted in its MISO format Reserved for future use These combinations may be used for future systems, including a system containing both T2-frames and FEF parts, as well as future systems not defined in the present document

13 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) Transmission Parameters for Base-profile L1 Signal Generation FEC Encoder for L1 Signal QAM Mapper & Interleaver SHVC Video Enhanced Video Base Video FEC Encoder (64800 s) FEC Encoder (16200 s) 256 QAM Modulation & Interleaver 16 QAM Modulation & Interleaver Constellation Rotation & cyclic Q-delay Constellation Rotation & cyclic Q-delay 4K UHD Layer Base Profile- Cell & Time Interleaver HD Layer Lite Profile- Cell & Time Interleaver Frame Builder & Freq. Interleaver Frame Builder & Freq. Interleaver OFDM Generator OFDM Generator Super Frame Mux Transmission Parameters for Lite-profile L1 Signal Generation FEC Encoder for L1 Signal QAM Mapper & Interleaver Time- Varying Multi-path Fading Channel HD Broadcasting Mobile Receiver- HD Video FEC Decoder (16200 s) 16 QAM De-Mapper Cell & Time De- Interleaver Frame De-Mapper & Freq. De- Interleaver Channel Estimation & Equalization Super Frame De-Mux Sync AWGN Static Multipath Fading Channel 4K UHD Broadcasting Static receiver- 4K UHD Video FEC Decoder (64800 s) FEC Decoder (16200 s) 256 QAM De-Mapper 16 QAM De-Mapper Cell & Time De-Interleaver Cell & Time De-Interleaver Frame De-Mapper & Freq. De- Interleaver Frame De-Mapper & Freq. De- Interleaver Channel Estimation & Equalization Channel Estimation & Equalization Super Frame De-Mux Sync AWGN 10. FEF 4K UHD & HD Fig. 10. Terrestrial 4K UHD & HD convergence broadcasting transmission system structure employing FEF multiplexing technique Lite,, & &. FFT & CP,, OFDM., M-PLP FFT OFDM. 11 < 7> 7. Table 7. Transmission parameters example 25,093,67 1 FFT Size CP Size Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for 4K UHD 19,065,495 5/6 32,768 1/128 PP7 15, ms 3 FFT CP Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval Size Size for HD 6,028,176 3/4 4,096 1/8 PP2 290, ms 1 * Number of Data OFDM Symbols in a frame ** Transmission Frame Length

14 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique) Fig. 11. Transmission frame structure depend on example transmission parameter in Table 14. (static) P1, S1. (P1 & P2 ), (4K UHD HD ) 4K UHD. P1, S1 Lite Base. Lite, HD. IV. 2 SHVC, 3 FEF 4K UHD HD 6 MHz & 8 MHz. AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise), D, TU (Typical Urban)-6.,

15 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) 8. 6 MHz Table 8. Transmission conditions for 6 MHz bandwidth T for 6 MHz Bandwidth 4K UHD Enhanced HD Base Layer Layer 7/48 us Required Data Mbps 5.95 Mbps FEC Frame Size bits bits Maximum Frame Length 250 ms 1 second FEF Interval 3 1 (,, FFT &,, FEF Interval ),,, [12], 6 MHz < 8> < 9>., [12] DVB-T2 Lite 4 Mbps. 4K UHD HD, 4K UHD 256 QAM HD 16 QAM 9. 6MHz Table 9. Optimized transmission parameters for 6 MHz bandwidth No ,093, ,996,827 24,295,492 24,138,097 FFT Pilot Num. of Syms*, FEF Interval for CP Size Size Frm. 4K UHD 19,065,495 5/6 32,768 1/128 PP7 15, 77.3ms 3 FFT Size CP Size Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for HD 6,028,176 3/4 4,096 1/8 PP2 290, 197.8ms 1 FFT Size CP Size Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for 4K UHD 18,912,877 5/6 32,768 1/128 PP7 14, 72.5ms 3 FFT Size CP Size Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for HD 6,083,948 2/3 4,096 1/16 PP4 290, 186.8ms 1 FFT Size CP Size Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for 4K UHD 18,325,594 5/6 32,768 1/128 PP7 13, 67.6ms 3 FFT Size CP Size Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for HD 5,969,898 3/5 4,096 1/32 PP7 295, 184.4ms 1 FFT Size CP Size Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for 4K UHD 18,161,477 5/6 32,768 1/128 PP7 17, 86.9ms 3 * Number of Data OFDM Symbols in a frame ** Transmission Frame Length FFT Size CP Size Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for HD 5,976,619 3/5 8,192 19/256 PP5 193, 250.5ms 1

16 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique). 4K UHD (Static), 4K UHD FFT 32,768 CP 1/128, 5/6, PP7. FFT 32,768 CP 1/ / 128 * T us., HD FFT CP. 4K UHD PP2, 4, 5. 4K UHD FEF Interval 3 HD FEF Interval 1, Base 3 4K UHD HD., FFT, CP, OFDM, FEF_ Interval. 12 < 9> 2. P1 ( ) FFT 2048, 4K UHD FFT ( ) 32,768 P2 ( ) 1. CP 1/128, OFDM ( ) 14, 4K UHD 12. < 9> 2 Fig. 12. Super frame & transmission frame structure depend on No. 2 transmission parameter in Table 9

17 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) ( ) (1).. sec HD, FFT ( ) 4,096 P2 ( ) 4, CP 1/16, OFDM ( ) 290, HD ( ). 4K UHD 3 4K UHD 1 HD, 4K UHD ( ) (3), T (Elementary Period) 4K UHD ( ) (4) 4K UHD, FFT Frame Closing ( OFDM OFDM OFDM ) [13]. PP7 [13], OFDM ( ) < 10> 27,404. HD FFT Frame Closing, OFDM OFDM 1 Frame Closing. OFDM ( ) FFT < 10> 3,234, Frame Closing ( ) < 11> 2,831. 4K UHD 4K UHD ( ) (5), HD 10. FFT OFDM ( ) Table 10. Number of active sub-carriers in a data OFDM symbol depend on FFT size and pilot pattern 8K FFT Size Cdata PP1 PP2 PP3 PP4 PP5 PP6 PP7 PP8 1K K 1,522 1,532 1,596 1,602 1,632 1,646 4K 3,084 3,092 3,228 3,234 3,298 3,328 Normal 6,208 6,214 6,494 6,498 6,634 6,698 6,698 Extended 6,296 6,298 6,584 6,588 6,728 6,788 6,788 16K 32K Normal 12,418 12,436 12,988 13,002 13,272 13,288 13,416 13,406 Extended 12,678 12,698 13,262 13,276 13,552 13,568 13,698 13,688 Normal 24,886 26,022 26,592 26,836 26,812 Extended 25,412 26,572 27,152 27,404 27,376 * An empty entry indicates that the corresponding combination of FFT size

18 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique) 11. FFT Frame Closing OFDM ( ) Table 11. Number of active sub-carriers in a Frame Closing OFDM symbol depend on FFT size and pilot pattern 8K 16K 32K FFT Size Cdata PP1 PP2 PP3 PP4 PP5 PP6 PP7 PP8 1K K 1,136 1,420 1,420 1,562 1,562 1,632 4K 2,272 2,840 2,840 3,124 3,124 3,266 Normal 4,544 5,680 5,680 6,248 6,248 6,532 Extended 4,608 5,760 5,760 6,336 6,336 6,624 Normal 9,088 11,360 11,360 12,496 12,496 13,064 13,064 Extended 9,280 11,600 11,600 12,760 12,760 13,340 13,340 Normal 22,720 24,992 26,128 Extended 23,200 25,520 26,680 * An empty entry indicates that frame closing symbols are never used for the corresponding combination of FFT size and pilot pattern. ( ) (6). 2,317,532 HD. 4K UHD 256 QAM ( 8 bits ), 5/6 4K UHD ( ). (3)~(6) ms 4K UHD 1,150,968, HD 937, K UHD ( sec ) (7), HD ( sec ) (8). sec sec (7) 1 2,845,362 4K UHD, (8) HD 16 QAM ( 4 bits ), 2/3 HD ( )..,. TU-6 < 12>, Rayleigh [23]. Brazil-D < 18>. * : AWGN, Brazil-D, TU-6

19 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) * Elementary Period T for 6 MHz Bandwidth: 7/48 us [12] * : Least-Square [24] * : (Cubic- Spline) [25] : 12) ( * : [26] * (Center Frequency): 476 MHz ( TV 14 ) 12. TU-6 [26] Table 12. TU-6 channel model profile Tap Number Delay (us) Power (db) Fading Model Rayleigh Rayleigh Rayleigh Rayleigh Rayleigh Rayleigh 13. Brazil-D [27] Table 13. Brazil-D channel model profile Tap Number Delay (us) Power (db) Fading Model Static Static Static Static Static Static 13~ 16 < 9> 1~4 Brazil-D 4K UHD CNR (Carrier-to-Noise ratio) BER ( Error ), HD 70Km/h, 140Km/h, 210Km/h TU-6 CNR BER. < 18> TOV (Threshold of Visibility). TOV BER CNR [28], 10 0 BER Performances over Brazil-D & TU6 Channel BER ( Error ) K UHD (256 QAM), : 5/6, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, AWGN 4K UHD (256 QAM), : 5/6, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, Brazil-D HD (16 QAM), : 3/4, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/8, PP2, AWGN HD (16 QAM), : 3/4, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/8, PP2, Velocity: 70Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 3/4, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/8, PP2, Velocity: 140Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 3/4, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/8, PP2, Velocity: 210Km/h CNR (Carrier to Noise ratio) 13. Brazil D, TU-6, AWGN 4K UHD & HD BER ( 1, 6 MHz ) Fig 13. BER performances of 4K UHD & HD layer transmission under Brazil-D, TU-6, AWGN channel (No. 1 Transmission parameter, 6 MHz bandwidth)

20 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique) MHz 1 Table 14. Transmission parameters No. 1 for 6 MHz bandwidth No 1 No 2 25,093,671 24,996,827 FFT Pilot Num. of Syms*, FEF Interval for CP Size Size Frm. 4K UHD 19,065,495 5/6 32,768 1/128 PP7 15, 77.3ms 3 Pilot Num. of Syms*, FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size Frm. HD 6,028,176 3/4 4,096 1/8 PP2 290, 197.8ms 1 * Number of Data OFDM Symbols in a frame ** Transmission Frame Length MHz 2 Table 15. Transmission parameters No. 2 for 6 MHz bandwidth FFT Pilot Num. of Syms*, FEF Interval for CP Size Size Frm. 4K UHD 18,912,877 5/6 32,768 1/128 PP7 14, 72.5ms 3 Pilot Num. of Syms*, FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size Frm. HD 6,083,948 2/3 4,096 1/16 PP4 290, 186.8ms 1 * Number of Data OFDM Symbols in a frame ** Transmission Frame Length 10 0 BER Performances over Brazil-D & TU6 Channel BER ( Error ) K UHD (256 QAM), : 5/6, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, AWGN 4K UHD (256 QAM), : 5/6, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, Brazil-D HD (16 QAM), : 2/3, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/16, PP4, AWGN HD (16 QAM), : 2/3, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/16, PP4, Velocity: 70Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 2/3, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/16, PP4, Velocity: 140Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 2/3, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/16, PP4, Velocity: 210Km/h CNR (Carrier to Noise ratio) 14. Brazil D, TU-6, AWGN 4K UHD & HD BER ( 2, 6 MHz ) Fig 14. BER performances of 4K UHD & HD layer transmission under Brazil-D, TU-6, AWGN channel (No. 2 Transmission parameter, 6 MHz bandwidth)

21 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015). (return path), TOV CNR,. < 18> 2, 210 Km/h 12.2 db CNR MHz 3 Table 16. Transmission parameters No. 3 for 6 MHz bandwidth No 3 24,295,492 FFT Size CP Size Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for 4K UHD 18,325,594 5/6 32,768 1/128 PP7 13, 67.6ms 3 * Number of Data OFDM Symbols in a frame ** Transmission Frame Length FFT Size CP Size Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for HD 5,969,898 3/5 4,096 1/32 PP7 295, 184.4ms BER Performances over Brazil-D & TU6 Channel BER ( Error ) K UHD (256 QAM), : 5/6, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, AWGN 4K UHD (256 QAM), : 5/6, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, Brazil-D HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/32, PP7, AWGN HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/32, PP7, Velocity: 70Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/32, PP7, Velocity: 140Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/32, PP7, Velocity: 210Km/h CNR (Carrier to Noise ratio) 15. Brazil D, TU-6, AWGN 4K UHD & HD BER ( 3, 6 MHz ) Fig 15. BER performances of 4K UHD & HD layer transmission under Brazil-D, TU-6, AWGN channel (No. 3 Transmission parameter, 6 MHz bandwidth)

22 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique) MHz 4 Table 17. Transmission parameters No. 4 for 6 MHz bandwidth No 4 24,138,097 FFT Pilot Num. of Syms*, FEF Interval for CP Size Size Frm. 4K UHD 18,161,477 5/6 32,768 1/128 PP7 17, 86.9ms 3 Pilot Num. of Syms*, FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size Frm. HD 5,976,619 3/5 8,192 19/256 PP5 193, 250.5ms 1 * Number of Data OFDM Symbols in a frame ** Transmission Frame Length 10 0 BER Performances over Brazil-D & TU6 Channel BER ( Error ) K UHD (256 QAM), : 5/6, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, AWGN 4K UHD (256 QAM), : 5/6, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, Brazil-D HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 8192, CP Size: 19/256, PP5, AWGN HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 8192, CP Size: 19/256, PP5, Velocity: 70Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 8192, CP Size: 19/256, PP5, Velocity: 140Km/h CNR (Carrier to Noise ratio) Brazil D, TU-6, AWGN 4K UHD & HD BER ( 4, 6 MHz ) Fig 16. BER performances of 4K UHD & HD layer transmission under Barzil-D, TU-6, AWGN channel (No. 4 Transmission parameter, 6 MHz bandwidth) MHz TOV Table 18. TOV performances of optimized transmission parameters for 6 MHz bandwidth 4K UHD Enhanced Layer Parameter No AWGN Static Brazil-D Channel db 26.6 db db 26.6 db db 26.6 db db 26.6 db HD Base Layer Parameter No AWGN TU-6 (70 Km/h) TU-6 (140 Km/h) TU-6 (210 Km/h) db 12.8 db 14.3 db 14.4 db db 11.0 db 12.3 db 12.2 db db 9.1 db 10.0 db 10.5 db db 9.3 db 11.2 db X

23 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) 4K UHD Brazil-D 26.6 db TOV, AWGN 4.8 db. Brazil-D (Indoor) [27]. HD 70~210Km/h 9.1 ~ 14.4 db TOV, 4 8,192 FFT 210Km/h TU-6. 3 FFT 4, PP7 3/5. 8MHz <. 19> MHz Table 19. Transmission conditions for 8 MHz bandwidth 4K UHD Enhanced Layer HD Base Layer T (Elementary Period) for 8 MHz Bandwidth 7/64 us [12] Required Data Mbps 7 Mbps FEC Frame Size bits bits Maximum Frame Length 250 ms [12] 1 second [12] FEF Interval MHz Table 20. Optimized transmission parameters for 8 MHz bandwidth No ,012,926 29,523,782 29,839,890 29,870,920 Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size 4K UHD 21,325,164 4/5 32,768 1/128 PP7 12, 47.18ms 3 Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size HD 7,347,699 3/5 2,048 1/8 PP2 600, 153.4ms 1 Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size 4K UHD 21,994,129 4/5 32,768 1/128 PP7 14, 54.40ms 3 Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size HD 7,178,923 2/3 2,048 1/4 PP1 600, 170.4ms 1 Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size 4K UHD 22,357,368 4/5 32,768 1/128 PP7 13, 50.79ms 3 Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size HD 7,125,997 3/5 4,096 1/8 PP2 298, 152.4ms 1 Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size 4K UHD 22,369,552 4/5 32,768 1/128 PP7 14, 54.4ms 3 Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size HD 7,144,651 2/3 4,096 1/4 PP1 290, 164.8ms 1

24 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique) 6 MHz 2 15 %. 8 MHz 2 4K UHD & HD. 8MHz <. 20>. 4K UHD HD, 6MHz 4K UHD 256 QAM, HD 16 QAM. 4K UHD 6 MHz FFT 32,768 CP 1/128, 8 MHz 5/6 4/5. HD, 2/3 PP4, 5, 6, , HD FFT MHz 1 Table 21. Transmission parameters No. 1 for 8 MHz bandwidth No 1 29,012,926 Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size Pilot 4K UHD 21,325,164 4/5 32,768 1/128 PP7 12, 47.18ms 3 Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for FFT Size CP Size Pilot HD 7,347,699 3/5 2,048 1/8 PP2 600, 153.4ms 1 * Number of Data OFDM Symbols in a frame ** Transmission Frame Length 10 0 BER Performances over Brazil-D & TU6 Channel BER ( Error ) K UHD (256 QAM), : 4/5, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, AWGN 4K UHD (256 QAM), : 4/5, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, Brazil-D HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 2048, CP Size: 1/8, PP2, AWGN HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 2048, CP Size: 1/8, PP2, Velocity: 70Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 2048, CP Size: 1/8, PP2, Velocity: 140Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 2048, CP Size: 1/8, PP2, Velocity: 210Km/h CNR (Carrier to Noise ratio) 17. Brazil D, TU-6, AWGN 4K UHD & HD BER ( 1, 8 MHz ) Fig 17. BER performances of 4K UHD & HD layer transmission under Brazil-D, TU-6, AWGN channel (No. 1 Transmission parameter, 8 MHz bandwidth)

25 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) /8 1/4. 3 4, FFT /8 1/4. 1 3, 2 4,..,. * : AWGN, Brazil-D, TU-6 * Elementary Period T for 8 MHz Bandwidth: 7/64 us [12] * : Least-Square [24] * : (Cubic- Spline) [25] ( : 12) * : [26] * (Center Frequency): 476 MHz ( TV 14 ) MHz 2 Table 22. Transmission parameters No. 2 for 8 MHz bandwidth No 2 29,523,782 FFT Size CP Size Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for 4K UHD 21,994,129 4/5 32,768 1/128 PP7 14, 54.40ms 3 FFT Size CP Size Pilot Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for HD 7,178,923 2/3 2,048 1/4 PP1 600, 170.4ms 1 * Number of Data OFDM Symbols in a frame ** Transmission Frame Length 10 0 BER Performances over Brazil-D & TU6 Channel BER ( Error ) K UHD (256 QAM), : 4/5, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, AWGN 4K UHD (256 QAM), : 4/5, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, Brazil-D HD (16 QAM), : 2/3, FFT Size: 2048, CP Size: 1/4, PP1, AWGN HD (16 QAM), : 2/3, FFT Size: 2048, CP Size: 1/4, PP1, Velocity: 70Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 2/3, FFT Size: 2048, CP Size: 1/4, PP1, Velocity: 140Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 2/3, FFT Size: 2048, CP Size: 1/4, PP1, Velocity: 210Km/h CNR (Carrier to Noise ratio) 18. Brazil D, TU-6, AWGN 4K UHD & HD BER ( 2, 8 MHz ) Fig 18. BER performances of 4K UHD & HD layer transmission under Brazil-D, TU-6, AWGN channel (No. 2 Transmission parameter, 8 MHz bandwidth)

26 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique) MHz 3 Table 23. Transmission parameters No. 3 for 8 MHz bandwidth No 3 29,839,890 Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for 4K FFT Size CP Size Pilot UHD 22,357,368 4/5 32,768 1/128 PP7 13, 50.79ms 3 Num. of Syms*, Frm. FFT Size CP Size Pilot FEF Interval for HD 7,125,997 3/5 4,096 1/8 PP2 298, 152.4ms 1 * Number of Data OFDM Symbols in a frame ** Transmission Frame Length 10 0 BER Performances over Brazil-D & TU6 Channel BER ( Error ) K UHD (256 QAM), : 4/5, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, AWGN 4K UHD (256 QAM), : 4/5, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, Brazil-D HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/8, PP2, AWGN HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/8, PP2, Velocity: 70Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/8, PP2, Velocity: 140Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 3/5, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/8, PP2, Velocity: 210Km/h CNR (Carrier to Noise ratio) 19. Brazil D, TU-6, AWGN 4K UHD & HD BER ( 3, 8 MHz ) Fig 19. BER performances of 4K UHD & HD layer transmission under Brazil-D, TU-6, AWGN channel (No. 3 Transmission parameter, 8 MHz bandwidth) MHz 4 Table 24. Transmission parameters No. 4 for 8 MHz bandwidth No 4 29,870,920 Num. of Syms*, Frm. FEF Interval for 4K FFT Size CP Size Pilot UHD 22,369,552 4/5 32,768 1/128 PP7 14, 54.4ms 3 Num. of Syms*, Frm. FFT Size CP Size Pilot FEF Interval for HD 7,144,651 2/3 4,096 1/4 PP1 290, 164.8ms 1 * Number of Data OFDM Symbols in a frame ** Transmission Frame Length

27 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 2, March 2015) 10 0 BER Performances over Brazil-D & TU6 Channel BER ( Error ) K UHD (256 QAM), : 4/5, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, AWGN 4K UHD (256 QAM), : 4/5, FFT Size: 32768, CP Size: 1/128, PP7, Brazil-D HD (16 QAM), : 2/3, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/4, PP1, AWGN HD (16 QAM), : 2/3, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/4, PP1, Velocity: 70Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 2/3, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/4, PP1, Velocity: 140Km/h HD (16 QAM), : 2/3, FFT Size: 4096, CP Size: 1/4, PP1, Velocity: 210Km/h CNR (Carrier to Noise ratio) 20. Brazil D, TU-6, AWGN 4K UHD & HD BER ( 4, 8 MHz ) Fig 20. BER performances of 4K UHD & HD layer transmission under Brazil-D, TU-6, AWGN channel (No. 4 Transmission parameter, 8 MHz bandwidth) MHz TOV Table 25. TOV performances of optimized transmission parameters for 8 MHz bandwidth Parameter No 4K UHD Enhanced Layer AWGN Static Brazil-D Channel db 25.2 db db 25.2 db db 25.2 db db 25.2 db Parameter No AWGN HD Base Layer TU-6 (70 Km/h) TU-6 (140 Km/h) TU-6 (210 Km/h) db 10.1 db 10.8 db 11.1 db db 11.3 db 12.5 db 12.5 db db 10.4 db 10.9 db 11.3 db db 10.9 db 12.7 db 12.9 db 17~ 20 < 20> 1~4 Brazil-D 4K UHD CNR BER, HD 70Km/h, 140Km/h, 210Km/h TU-6 CNR BER. < 25> TOV. 4K UHD 6MHz 5/6, 8MHz 4/5, Brazil-D 25.2 db TOV. 6MHz (Indoor). HD, 70Km/h 210Km/h 10.1 ~ 12.9 db TOV. V. [10] Mutliple-PLP

28 3 : FEF (Future Extension Frame) 4K UHD & HD (JongGyu Oh et al.: A study of Development of Transmission Systems for Terrestrial Single Channel Fixed 4K UHD & Mobile HD Convergence Broadcasting by Employing FEF (Future Extension Frame) Multiplexing Technique), OFDM. [10] Multiple-PLP, OFDM. (static) 4K UHD FFT &, HD FFT &. SHVC, 4K UHD HD. SHVC, 4K UHD FFT, HD FFT FFT &. FFT & FEF 4K UHD & HD. DVB-T2 FEF 4K UHD & HD. SHVC, 6 MHz & 8 MHz, TOV AWGN, Barzil-D, TU-6. TOV 6MHz 8MHz 4K UHD & HD. T, OFDM ( CP). (Prototype Filter) CP FBMC (Filter Bank Multi Carrier) ( OFDM-Offset QAM) [29]-[30]. FBMC, 4K & HD. (Referecnes) [1] J. H. Seo, B. M. Lim, H. M. Eum, H. M. Kim, and N. H. Hur, Trend of Technology Development and Standardization for Terrestrial Digital Broadcasting, 2014 Electronics and Telecommunications Trends, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp , June [2] Hbbtv, Hbbtv Homapage, < [3] J. P. Kim, Standardization trends of Hybrid Broadcast and Broadband TV, TTA Journal, No. 128, pp , March [4] Department of Convergence Policy Studies, Introduction Trends and Perspectives of foreign countries surrounding HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV), KCA Trends & Perspectives : Broadcasting Communication Radio Wave, No. 59, pp.48-60, February [5] NHK openhouse, Hybridcast for 8K Super Hi-Vision, < or.jp/strl/open2014/tenji/pdf/tenji01_e.pdf> [6] B. Hayes, ATSC 3.0 Today, Tomorrow & Beyond, IEEE BTSGOLD Workshop, Brasov Romania, May [7] ATSC ATSC Digital Television standard, ATSC Doc.A/53, [8] ETSI TS V1.1.1, Digital audio broadcasting (DAB); Data broadcasting MPEG-2 TS streaming, ETSI (July 2005). [9] ETSI TS V1.1.1, Digital audio broadcasting (DAB); Transport of advanced audio coding audio, ETSI (February 2007). [10] J. G. Oh, Y. J. Won, J. S. Lee, Y. H. Kim, J. H. Paik and J. T. Kim, A study of development of transmission systems for next-generation terrestrial 4K UHD & HD convergence broadcasting, Journal of Broadcast Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 767~788, November [11] Y. J. Shon, M. J. Cho and J. H. Paik, Design of MMT-based Broadcasting System for UHD Video Streaming over Heterogeneous Networks, Journal of Broadcast Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 16~25, January [12] Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Frame structure channel coding and modulation systems for a second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system(dvb-t2), ETSI EN v1.3.1

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