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1 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 4, July 2016) (Special Paper) 21 4, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 4, July 2016) ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) HEVC over DVBT2 4KUHDTV a), a), a), a), a) Laboratory Measurement to Provide Threshold of Visibility for Terrestrial 4KUHDTV Broadcasting based on HEVC over DVBT2 Sungho Jeon a), Sanghoon Kim a), Sangjin Hahm a), Zungkon Yim a), and YoungWoo Suh a) HEVC 6MHz DVBT2 4KUHD, 3 (ToV C/N) (Sensitivity) Mbps, ToV C/N=18.8dB, Sensitivity 84.2dBm 80.0dBm., (Floor) 100dBm. Abstract In this study, HEVC over DVBT2 systems with a bandwidth of 6 MHz is considered, particularly for the terrestrial 4K UHDTV broadcasting service in the Republic of Korea. The threshold of visibility carriertonoise power ratio (ToV C/N) and the receiver minimum required input level (sensitivity) for satisfying the subjective picture failure (SPF) condition are measured in the laboratory. It is observed, for transmitting Mbps data stream correctly, that ToV C/N is 18.8 db on average, and the receiver sensitivity is varied from minimum 84.2 dbm to maximum 80.0 dbm. Based on the results, the receiver noise floor is calculated by 100 dbm on average. Keyword : HEVC over DVBT2, Threshold of Visibility, Receiver Sensitivity, Laboratory Measurement, Subjective Picture Failure, Physical Layer Performance Metric a) KBS (Future Technology Research Institute, KBS) Corresponding Author : (Sungho Jeon) jeonsh@kbs.co.kr Tel: : IWAIT FTN [B ]. Manuscript received March 15, 2016; Revised May 9, 2016; Accepted July 12, 2016.

2 4 : HEVC over DVBT2 4KUHDTV (Sungho Jeon et al.: Laboratory Measurement to Provide Threshold of Visibility for Terrestrial 4KUHDTV Broadcasting based on HEVC over DVBT2) , DVBT2 4KUHD(UltraHigh Definition) [1][2], ITUR BT.2343 [3], UHD 700MHz [4][6]., DVBT2 6MHz, 7MHz 8MHz [7][8], 6MHz (ToV C/N; Threshold of Visibility CarriertoNoise Power Ratio), (Sensitivity) [9][10],., Noise Figure,,. ATSC DTV, FCC UHF Noise Figure 7dB [11], 28 [12]. UHDTV Noise Figure., HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding) 4KUHD DVBT2, 3, ToV C/N, Sensitivity, Noise Floor ( ).. 1. [ 1]. 1. Fig. 1. Block diagram of test equipment setup

3 508 방송공학회논문지 제21권 제4호, 2016년 7월 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 4, July 2016) 그림 2. 실험실 테스트를 위한 물리 계층 성능 지표 Fig. 2. Physical layer performance metrics DVBT2 기준신호 발생을 위해서 R&S SFU 장비를 사 C/N, MER(Modulation Error Ratio), BER(Bit Error 용하였다. C/N 조절을 위한 노이즈 삽입이나 Rician 및 Rate)과 같이 물리 계층 지표들을 계측하기 위해 DVBT2 Rayleigh 채널, 단일 주파수 방송망(SFN; Single Frequency 수신 모듈이 장착된 R&S ETL 기준수신기를 사용하였고, Network) 수신 상황을 가정한 0dB Echo 채널 생성은 SFU 측정 지표별로 [그림 2]와 같이 해당되는 위치에 표시되는 장치의 내장 기능을 활용하였다. 또한, 테스트 스트림의 재 실측값을 눈으로 읽었다. 생은 SFU 장치에 내장된 TS Player를 사용하였다. DVBT2 수신기를 사용하여 양시청 여부를 판단하였는 표 1. 양시청 확인을 위해서 사용된 3가지 종류 수신기 Table 1. Three different types of receivers for confirming SPF threshold Receiver A (Rx A) Tunerembedded 4KUHDTV Receiver B (Rx B) Dongle tuner for smartphones Receiver C (Rx C) Dongle tuner for laptops

4 4 : HEVC over DVBT2 4KUHDTV (Sungho Jeon et al.: Laboratory Measurement to Provide Threshold of Visibility for Terrestrial 4KUHDTV Broadcasting based on HEVC over DVBT2), [ 1] 3. ITUR BT.2033 Annex 5, 20 1, SPF(Subjective Picture Failure). 2. ITUR BT KUHD 3,840 2,160, (Progress), MPEGH/HEVC Main Profile 25Mbps. Dolby AC3 ( 5.1 ) 256kbps., MPEG2 Transport Stream 26Mbps. 3. DVBT2 UHDTV [ 2]., 2. DVBT2 Table 2. DVBT2 System Parameters in the Experiment Bandwidth (occupied) FFT Size (carrier spacing) Guard Interval (duration) Pilot Pattern PAPR Reduction Physical Layer Pipe Modulation 6MHz (5.82MHz) 32K Extended (209Hz) 1/16 ( μs) PP2 No Single 256QAM Code Rate 2/3 3/4 4/5 Data Rate [Mbps] Raw C/N [db] , UHF 37, 611MHz. 4. ToV C/N (NorDig Unified Test Plan [13] Task 357 ) 1) SFU 50dBm, SFU 2) C/N 0.1dB, 3) 20 4) ETL. ToV C/N Sensitivity (NorDig Unified Test Plan [13] Task 359 ) 1) SFU C/N OFF, SFU 2) SFU 0.1dB, 3)4) 3)4) BER ATSC1.0 DVBT 1 1) Convolutional Code ReedSolomon (RS) Code, DVBT2 LDPC (LowDensity ParityCheck) Code BCH Code. [ 3] LDPC 1) ITUR, 1 ITUR BT.1306, 2 ITUR BT , DVBT2 2.

5 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 4, July 2016) 3. LDPC BER BER Fig. 3. BER before BCH decoding according to BER before LDPC decoding as a function of code rate 4. ToV C/N BCH BER LDPC BER Fig. 4. BER before BCH decoding and BER before LDPC decoding according to ToV C/N

6 전성호 외 4인: HEVC over DVBT2 기반 지상파 4KUHDTV 방송을 위한 양시청 기준값 실험실 테스트 결과 (Sungho Jeon et al.: Laboratory Measurement to Provide Threshold of Visibility for Terrestrial 4KUHDTV Broadcasting based on HEVC over DVBT2) 후 곡선 위에 실험실 테스트를 통해 측정한 BER을 함께 그린 그래프이다. 부호율 3/4의 경우, LDPC 디코더 입력 BER=0.05가 되면 LDPC 디코더 출력 BER이 QuasiError Free 조건인 1011을 만족하는 것을 확 인할 수 있다. 즉, DVBT2에 정의된 오류 정정 능력이 매 우 우수하다는 것을 의미한다. 그 결과, [그림 4]와 같이 ToV C/N에서는 BER=0을 만족 하여 양시청이 보장되지만, 불과 0.1dB 미달하는 C/N, ToV0.1dB 지점에서는 BER이 크게 증가하여 [그림 5]와 같이 급격히 시청 상태가 불량해진다. ITUR 보고서 BT.2341[14]에서도 이러한 현상을 동일하게 지적하고 있 다. 즉, AWGN 환경에서는 0.1dB 단위의 정밀한 C/N 조절 이 가능하고 수신 신호 세기의 변동이 없어서 BER 값을 특정할 수 있으나, 실제 미세한 채널 변화로 0.1dB 이상의 수신 신호 레벨의 변화가 발생할 경우에는 BER을 특정한 코딩 이전과 이 의 BER 511 [그림 6]은 3종류의 수신기 각각의 ToV C/N과 Sensitivity 측정값과, 이로부터 계산되는 수신기 노이즈 바닥 (Floor)을 나타내는 그래프이다. 개별 측정값은 [표 3]에 정 리하였다. 노이즈를 삽입해가면서 측정하는 ToV C/N의 경 우, [표 2]에서 정의하고 있는 이론적 C/N값과 최대 0.8dB 손 범위 1dB 이내로, 실제 양시청 방송 커버리지 산정에 영향을 미치지 않는 수준으로 판단된다. 이내로 구현되었음을 확인하였다. 이는, 통상적인 구현 실 2) 값으로 정하기 어렵다. 결과적으로 측정된 ToV C/N 지점 과 시청자가 느끼는 양시청 간의 차이가 0.1dB 이내로 차이 가 없기 때문에, 별도의 BER 측정 없이 ToV C/N 값을 정 더 하 라도 무리가 없다고 판단된다. 그림 6. 수신기 종류별 오류 정정 부호율에 따른 최소 수신기 신호 입력 레벨, 노이즈 바닥 Fig. 6. Minimum receiver signal input level and noise floor as a function of code rate according to three different types of receivers 쇄 노이즈 삽입 없이 수신 신호 레벨을 감 시켜가면서 측정 하는 수신기 최소 입력 레벨, 즉 Sensitivity의 경우, DVBT2 그림 5. 입력 레벨이 ToV0.1dB 지점에서 시청 상태 Fig. 5. Symptom when the input level is ToV0.1 db 환경에서 ToV C/N 값과 수신기 측정 결과 2. AWGN Sensitivity 튜너와 HEVC 디코더가 내장된 일체형 UHDTV 수신기 Rx A의 성능이 가장 우수한 것으로 측정되었으며, 수신기 간에 최대 5dB 가량의 편차가 존재하는 것으로 측정되었다. 수신기 노이즈 바닥(Floor)은 하드웨어 공통의 열잡음에 구현된 수신기의 Noise Figure, 그리고 구현 손실(Implementation Loss)에 의해 결정되는데, 측정값인 수신기 칙 제23조제1항제8호바목 에 신호대잡음비(C/N) 편차 2) DVBT2와 같이 OFDM 방식을 사용하는 국내 방송규격 TDMB의 경우, 미래부고시 무선설비규 를1 이내로 규정하고 있음.

7 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 4, July 2016) 3. ToV C/N, Sensitivity, Table 3. Measured ToV C/N, Sensitivity, and the corresponding noise floor of each receiver Rx A Rx B Rx C Code Rate 2/3 3/4 4/5 2/3 3/4 4/5 2/3 3/4 4/5 Sensitivity [dbm] ToV C/N [db] Rx Noise Floor [dbm] Sensitivity ToV C/N., Rx A 102.8dBm, Rx C 98.7dBm B m 3), Noise Figure 3.47dB 7.57dB., AWGN, 3. ToV C/N Sensitivity [ 7] 3 Rx A, Rician, Rayleigh, SFN 0dB Echo ToV C/N Sensitivity, (Floor). [ 4]. Rician RC20 ANX B [15], Rayleigh TU6 Path Static. SFN 0dB Echo [16], Path Guard Interval Cyclic Prefix 90% 268μ s. 7., Fig. 7. Minimum receiver signal input level and noise floor as a function of code rate in various fading channels 4. ToV C/N, Sensitivity, Table 4. Measured ToV C/N, Sensitivity, and the corresponding noise floor of each receiver Rician Channel (RC20 ANX B) TU6 Channel (Static) SFN 0dB Echo Channel Code Rate 2/3 3/4 4/5 2/3 3/4 4/5 2/3 3/4 4/5 Sensitivity [dbm] ToV C/N [db] Rx Noise Floor [dbm] ) 20 (Thermal Noise). No [W] = ktb = (1, )( )( ) = , k Boltzmann constant [J/K], T [K], B Bandwidth [Hz]., No [dbm] = 10log10(No) + 30 =

8 4 : HEVC over DVBT2 4KUHDTV (Sungho Jeon et al.: Laboratory Measurement to Provide Threshold of Visibility for Terrestrial 4KUHDTV Broadcasting based on HEVC over DVBT2).,, Noise Figure.. 6MHz HEVC 4KUHD DVBT2,. ToV C/N Sensitivity, ATSC3.0., 4KUHDTV. (References) [1] Z. Yim, S. Jeon, S. Kim, S. Hahm, and B. Kim, Experimental Broadcasting of 4K UHDTV via Terrestrial Network in Korea, ABU Technical Review, no. 255, pp. 38, JulySeptember [2] I. Cho, B. Kim, S. Hahm, S. Kim, and S. Jeon, ``Terrestrial 4K UHD Live Broadcasting of Sports Events,'' ABU Technical Review, vol. 261, no. 1, pp.28, JanuaryMarch [3] ITUR Report BT.2343, ``Collection of field trials of UHDTV over DTT networks,'' ITUR SG6 WP6A, February [4] S.K. Park, Y.J. Jo, D.W. Kim, and G.M. Park, "A Study on Terrestrial UHDTV Broadcasting and Construction of Direct Reception Environment by DVBT2," Journal of Broadcast Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4, pp , July [5] J. Oh, Y. Won, J. Lee, Y. Kim, J. Paik, and J. Kim, "A Study of Development of Transmission Systems for Nextgeneration Terrestrial 4K UHD & HD Convergence Broadcasting," Journal of Broadcast Engineering, vol. 19, no. 6, pp , November [6] S. W. Lee, "A Study on the Frequency Allocation of Terrestrial UHDTV Broadcasting in 700MHz Band," Journal of Broadcast Engineering, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 8291, January [7] Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television, ETSI EN V1.6.1 (200901). [8] Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for a second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system (DVBT2), ETSI TS V1.2.1 (201208). [9] Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Frequency and Planning of DVBT2, Report TECH 3348 Version (201410). [10] ITUR Recommendation BT.2033, ``Planning criteria, including protection ratios, for second generation of digital terrestrial television broadcasting systems in the VHF/UHF bands,'' ITUR SG6 WP6A, February [11] Federal Communications Commission (FCC), "LongleyRice Methodology for Evaluating TV Coverage and Interference," OET BULLETIN No. 69, February 06, 2004 [12] Federal Communications Commission (FCC), "Tests of ATSC 8VSB Reception Performance of Consumer Digital Television Receivers Available in 2005, OET Report FCC/OET TR , November [13] NorDig Specification; Unified Test Plan v2.4, February [14] ITUR Report BT.2341, ``TV receiver subjective picture failure thresholds and the associated minimum quasi error free levels for good quality reception,'' ITUR SG6 WP6A, November [15] Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for DTT. ETSI EN V1.4.1 (200101) [16] S. Jeon, J. Lee, J.M. Choi, and J.S. Seo, Definition and Properties of the Erasure Effect in Single Frequency Network with Two Synchronized Transmitters, IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 13, pp , March 2014.

9 514 방송공학회논문지 제21권 제4호, 2016년 7월 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 4, July 2016) 저자소개 전성호 년 2월 : 연세대학교 일반대학원 전기전자공학과(공학석사) 년 2월 : 연세대학교 일반대학원 전기전자공학과(공학박사) 년 3월 ~ 현재 : KBS 미래기술연구소 년 1월 ~ 현재 : 한국ITU연구위원회 ITUR SG6(방송업무) 연구반원 : 주관심분야 : UHDTV 지상파 전송시스템, 지상파 방송용 MIMOOFDM 테스트베드 김상훈 년 8월 : 고려대학교 전자공학과(공학사) 년 8월 : KAIST 전기 및 전자공학과(공학석사) 년 12월 ~ 현재 : KBS 미래기술연구소 년 10월 ~ 2013년 5월 : KBS 정책기획부 미래전략팀 : 주관심분야 : 모바일방송, UHDTV, 융합네트워크 함상진 년 8월 : 연세대학교 전자공학과(공학석사) 년 7월 ~ 현재 : KBS 미래기술연구소 년 1월 ~ 현재 : TTA 디지털방송 PG(PG802) 표준화위원 년 1월 ~ 현재 : 한국ITU연구위원회 ITUR SG6(방송업무) 연구반원 : 주관심분야 : 영상부호화, UHDTV 제작기술 임중곤 년 2월 : 인하대학교 전자공학과(공학석사) 년 1월 ~ 2015년 12월 : KBS 미래기술연구소 UHDTV전송기술연구팀장 년 1월 ~ 현재 : KBS 전략기획실 UHD추진단 년 6월 : NHK 방송기술연구소 초빙연구원 (1년) 년 10월 ~ 2016년 6월 : TTA PG802산하 WG8027 (UHDTV RF송수신정합표준실무반) 의장 : 주관심분야 : UHD 지상파 전송 시스템 연구, 직접수신 환경 개선 방송망 구축 서영우 년 3월 ~ 1995년 2월 : 서울대학교 제어계측공학과(공학사) 년 3월 ~ 1997년 2월 : 서울대학교 제어계측공학과(공학석사) 년 3월 ~ 2011년 2월 : 연세대학교 전기전자공학과(공학박사) 년 3월 ~ 현재 : KBS 미래기술연구소 창의융합팀장 : 주관심분야 : 디지털 신호처리, RF 신호처리, DTV 전송시스템

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