(JBE Vol. 19, No. 4, July 14).,,,.,. NHK (emergen- cy warning broadcasting system, EWBS) (earthquake early warning system, EEWS). TV (wake-up). NHK TV

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1 3 : (Regular Paper) 194, 14 7 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 4, July 14) ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) a), a), b), a) An Analysis of Optimal Sequences for the Detection of Wake-up Signal in Disaster-preventing Broadcast Hae Yong Park a), Bonggyun Jo a), Heung Mook Kim a), and Dong Seog Han a),., (wake-up).,. TV /,., m- (complementary code),., Barker Walsh-Hadamard. m- Golay (). Abstract Recently, the need for disaster-preventing broadcast has increased gradually to cope with natural disaster like earthquake and tsunami causing enormous losses of both life and property. In disaster-preventing broadcast system, the wake-up signal is used to alert user terminal and switch the current state of channel to the emergency channel, which is for the fast and efficient delivery of emergency information. In this paper, we propose the detection method of wake-up signal for disaster-preventing broadcast systems. The wake-up signals for disaster-preventing broadcast should have a good auto-correlation property in low power and narrow-band conditions that does not affect the existing digital television (DTV) system. The suitability of the m-sequence and complementary code (CC) is analyzed for wake-up signals according to signal to noise ratio. A wake-up signal is proposed by combining the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technique and pseudo noise (PN) sequences such as Barker and Walsh-Hadamard codes. By using the proposed method, a higher detecting performance can be achieved by the spreading gain compared to the single long m-sequence and the Golay code. Keyword : DSSS, PN Sequence, CC, auto-correlation, wake-up signal, disaster-preventing broadcast.

2 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 4, July 14).,,,.,. NHK (emergen- cy warning broadcasting system, EWBS) (earthquake early warning system, EEWS). TV (wake-up). NHK TVCML (TeleVision Common Markup Language). (emergency alert system, EAS) (commercial mobile alert system, EMAS)., (short message service) [1]. 6,,. DMB(Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) DMB a) (School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University) b) (Broadcasting Systems Research Department, ETRI) Corresponding Author : (Dong Seog Han) dshan@knu.ac.kr Tel: ICT (NIPA-14-H ). 14 (ICT). Manuscript received May 1, 14 Revised July 1, 14 Accepted July 1, 14 []. DMB DMB FIC(Fast Information Channel). ID, SMS(Short Message Service) CBS(Cell Broadcasting Service) [3].. (in-band) DTV(Digital Television),. TV TV,.. DTV (out-band). /, /. M-(complementary code, CC). (signal-to-noise ratio, SNR) SNR / [4,5].. Barker

3 3 : Walsh-Hadamard (direct squence spread spectrum, DSSS).. m-. 3 m / DTV, DTV. ATSC(Advanced Television Systems Committee)-DTV 6kHz, DTV /. 1 [6]. ATSC DTV -84dBm, 45dB SNR [6]. DTV, 6kHz. DTV SNR 5kHz 5kHz -6.63dB -9.64dB [6]. 1, DTV 5kHz 5kHz. 1kH 5kHz 5kHz ~4. 5kHz 5kHz. BFSK (Binary Frequency Shift Keying). BFSK. BFSK (I)(Q). 1, I- 1 cos, Q- 1. Fig. 1. The concept of wake-up system

4 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 4, July 14) I- 채널 1 suc, ( t) = cos( wot ) T sus, ( t) = sin( wot) T s s ò ( ) y ( ) c, t z 1 z + z 1 sl ( t) Q-채널 1 n( t) r( t) = s ( t) + n( t) l I- 채널 Q- 채널 ( ) s ( t) = cos( w t) uc,1 1 s ( t) = sin( w t) us,1 1 y ( ) c,1 t y ( ) s,1 t. BFSK Fig.. The receiver of asynchronous BFSK ò ò ( ) ò ( ) y ( ) s, t z z 3 z 4 z + z 3 4 z( T ) ( ) z T > < 1 sin., I- cos, Q- sin. cos cos. FSK,,,. [7]. max cos sin cos. 1. BFSK FSK. 5kHz 5kHz 1,5 5,[bps].. m- m-. m-. m-,,. m-.

5 3 : m-., (3) m- -1.,,.. m-.,.,,. [8]. log, Golay ( CC). M-, BFSK.. (),.,.,. [9,1]

6 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 4, July 14) Narrowband interference Input data d t p t Spreading code x t AWGN channel r t p r Spreading code d r Output data ( f ) data Narrowband interference r ( f ) t Whitened interference ( f ) -R s Rs -R c R c -R c R -R s s R c 3 Fig. 3. The autocorrelation of complementary code for the detection of wake-up signal Transmitter Wake-up signal generation Spreading FSK modulation AWGN channel Receiver Wake-up signal detection Despreading FSK demodulation 4 wake-up Fig. 4. The blcok diagram of proposed method for detection of wake-up signal m-, m-. FSK, m-. m- (time lag) 1-1. / PN Barker Walsh-Hadamard. Barker., Walsh- Hadamard Barker,. Barker. Barker, Barker [11].

7 박해용 외 인 재난방송용 대기모드 해제신호 검출을 위한 최적 부호 성능 분석 3 : (7) 여기서 는 상관함수의 시간 지연을 나타낸다. 식(7)로부터 Barker 부호 자기상관 함수의 최댓값 이 되고, 최소 측대파의 크기가 1이 됨을 알 수 있다. Barker 부호는 최대길이 13을 가지며 낮은 측대파 특성을 나타낸 다. 표 는 길이 별 Barker 부호 목록을 나타낸다. +와 -는 각각 1과 -1의 이진 값을 의미한다. 으로 단일 m-시퀀스와 상보부호를 이용한 대기모드 해제신 호 검출 성능을 분석한다. 5kHz 대역폭의 수신 SNR -7dB 에서의 실험 결과는 뒤에서 추가로 설명한다. 5kHz 대역폭에서 실내 수신안테나를 이용하여 대기모 드 해제신호를 수신할 경우, 수신 SNR은 앞서 설명 한 것 과 같이 약 -9.6dB가 되어야 한다. 그러므로 본 실험에서는 -9.6dB의 낮은 SNR에서 이진 m-시퀀스와 상보부호의 길 이를 가변시켜 검출 성능을 검토하였다. 실험에서 사용한 표. 길이별 Baker 부호.5 Table. Barker codes according to its length.4 길이 부호열 또는 또는 부호는 Barker 부호와 비교하여 자기 상관특성은 좋지 않지만 확산 부호의 길이 가변되며 확산 에 의한 이득이 큰 부호이다. 길이 의 WalshHadamard 부호의 생성 알고리듬은 다음과 같다. 1 3 Walsh-Hadamard (a).3 [1] (8) 다음 절에서는 저전력/협대역에 가장 적합한 부호와 성 능을 살펴보기 위하여 기존 단일 m-시퀀스와 상보부호를 이용한 대기모드 해제신호 검출 성능을 검토한 후, 제안한 포맷의 수신 성능과 비교 분석한다. Ⅳ. 실험 및 결과 본 장에서는 확산을 이용한 제안 기법의 성능을 비교 분 석하기 위하여 우선 5kHz 대역폭에서 수신 SNR을 기준.1 with (b) 그림 5. 이진 m-시퀀스의 자기상관(SNR=-9.6dB, bandwih=5khz) a) 길 이-8191 b)길이 Fig. 5. The autocorrelation of binary m-sequence for the detection of wake-up signal(snr=-9.6db, bandwih=5khz) a) Length-8191 b) Length-16383

8 498 방송공학회논문지 제19권 제4호, 14년 7월 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 4, July 14) 시퀀스의 길이는 8191, 16383이며, 상보부호는 길이 819, 16384를 사용하였다. 그림 5는 -9.6dB에서 8191, 16383길이의 m-시퀀스를 수신단에서 비동기 FSK 복조 후 자기상관 결과를 나타낸다. 그림 5에서 대기모드 해제신호로써의 m-시퀀스 자기상 관의 크기는 m-시퀀스의 길이로 정규화 되어 시간지연이 일 때 1이 되어야 한다. 그러나 그림 5에서는 이진 m-시퀀 스의 길이를 최대 16383까지 늘려도 그 크기는 커지지 않 기 때문에, 측대파와 분리될 만한 충분한 자기 상관 이득을 m-.5 얻지 못함을 알 수 있다. 그림 6은 길이 819, 16384길이의 상보부호를 이용한 대기모드 해제신호로써의 검출 성능을 나타낸다. 그림 6의 상보부호를 이용한 대기모드 해제신호 검출 결 과는 m-시퀀스와 비슷하게 상보부호의 길이를 16384까지 늘려도 충분한 자기 상관의 이득을 얻지 못함을 알 수 있다. 특히 상보부호의 검출 성능은 낮은 SNR에서 부호의 길이 에 상관이 없다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 상보부호는 높은 SNR에서 이진 m-시퀀스와 비교하여 측대파 신호의 크기가 작은 좋은 성능을 보여주지만 db 이하의 낮은 SNR에서는 오히려 이진 m-시퀀스보다 나쁜 (a) (a) (b) 그림 6. 상보부호의 자기상관(SNR=-9.6dB, bandwih=5khz) a) 길이 -819 b) 길이 Fig. 6. The autocorrelation of complementary code for the detection of wake-up signal(snr=-9.6db, bandwih=5khz) a) Length-819 b) Length (b) 그림 7. 대기모드 해제신호 검출(SNR=-7dB, bandwih=5khz) a) Barker 부호를 이용한 확산 기법 b) 단일 이진-m 시퀀스 Fig. 7. The detection of wake-up signal(snr=-7db, bandwih=5khz) using a) Barker spreading b) m-sequence

9 3 :. SNR. SNR m-. m-. m- (16383) SNR -9.6dB., -m SNR. Barker Walsh- Hadamard. 7 5kHz SNR -7dB 511 m- 13 Barker 8191 m-. 7 m- Barker 1~dB. Barker m kHz SNR -9.6dB dB, Barker dB. Barker m- 13, 47,. Barker (a) (b) 8. Barker (SNR=-9.6dB, bandwih=5khz) Fig. 8. The spreading method using Barker code(snr=-9.6db, bandwih=5khz) 9. Walsh-Hadamard (SNR=-9.6dB, bandwih=5khz) a) 1635 b) 163 Fig. 9. The spreading method using Walsh-Hadamard code(snr= -9.6dB, bandwih=5khz) a) SNR=-7dB b) SNR=-9.6dB

10 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 4, July 14) Walsh-Hadamard. 9 Walsh-Hadamard dB 1635(=511 3), 163(=55 64). 5 6 m-, 1635(=511 3), 163 (=55 64) -9.6dB. -9.6dB 1635(=511 3), 163(=55 64).. Barker Walsh-Hadamard. Barker Walsh-Hadamard m- SNR., Barker, 5kHz -9.6dB. Barker 5kHz SNR -6.63dB m- Walsh-Hadamard. 5kHz Walsh-Hadamard. (References) [1] Handbook on Emergency Warning Broadcasting Systems, Kazuyoshi Shogen, 9 6, ABU. [] The current state of the service for DTV disaster broadcasting, TTA Journal No [3] KBS DMB disaster broadcast, KBS, D. P. Kwon, TTA. [4] M. Baldi, F. Chiaraluce, N. Boujnah, and R, Garello, "On the Autocorrelation Properties of Truncated Maximum-Length Sequences and Their Effect on the Power Spectrum", IEEE Trans. Signal Processing., vol. 58, no. 1, pp , Dec. 1. [5] C. C. eng and C. L. Liu, "Complementary Sets of Sequences", IEEE Trans. Information Theory., vol. 18, no. 5, pp , Sep [6] W. Oh, Y. W. Lee, D. H. Kang, The research for transmission technology in low power and narrow band, Chungnam National University, [7] John G. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill, 8. [8] Golay, J. E. Marcel, "Complementary series, Information Theory., vol. 7, no., pp. 8-87, Apr [9] S. L. Miller, An adaptive direct-sequence code-division multiple-access receiver for multiuser interference rejection, IEEE Trans. Communications., vol. 43, no. 34, pp , Feb/Mar/Apr [1] H. G. Zhang, L. Gan, H. S. Liao, P. Wei, and L. P. Li, Estimating spreading waveform of long-code direct sequence spread spectrum signals at a low signal-to-noise ratio, IET Signal Processing., vol. 6, no. 4, pp , Jun. 1. [11] S. W. Golomb and R. A. Scholtz, Generalized Barker sequences, IEEE Trans. Information Theory., vol. 11, no. 4, pp , Oct [1] V. M. Dasilva, Multicarrier orthogonal CDMA signals for quasi-synchronous communication systems, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications., vol. 1, no. 5, pp , Jun : - 1 ~ : - : /

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