0.3% 3.4% 40,530 4.9% 71,000 4,414 '00 '06 '10
HMC KMC ( ( 195 ( 125 ( ( (
EUROPE ASIA N. AMERICA AFRICA Hyundai Kia S. AMERICA Overseas Plant India OCEANIA : 300,000 Turkey : 200,000 China : 500,000 U.S.A : 300,000 Czech : 300,000 China : 400,000 Europe : 300,000 U.S.A : 300,000 KD Plant KD Plant : 10EA KD Plant : 9EA
Zero Emission
Camera Filter Halogen Splitter Load Illuminator Quartz Glass Cr Coating Straingage Motor Motor Controller Gear 888 Motor Steel Ball PC or Osiloscope Ball Support Amp Output
Correlation between temp and friction torque at low shear rate
EHL B26 viscosity 25 20 B2.6 viscosity (Pas) 40C B2.6 viscosity (Pas) 100C B2.6 viscosity (Pas) 150C viscosity [Pas] 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 5 1 10 6 1.5 10 6 2 10 6 2.5 10 6 shear rate [s -1 ]
HTHS pump operation bearing operation Cold cranking relative viscosity variation (µ high shear rate/ µ low shear rate ) 1 0.9 0.8 κ=34000 vis ratio k=3400000 vis ratio k=340000 vis ratio k=34000 vis ratio k=3400 κ increase κ=340000 86.8% lowere κ=3400000 κ=3400 0.7 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 shear rate
viscosity [mpas] 50 40 30 20 temp 40 temp 50 temp 60 temp 70 temp 80 temp 90 temp 100 temp 110 temp 120 b26 150c 90 0.9 120 60 0.85 0.8 0.75 30 0.7 0.65 0.6 0.55 0 10 210 330 0 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 shear rate [s -1 ] 240 270 300 Newton Nonnewton
Engine Bearings Small-End Bearing Big-End Bearing Main Bearing U 1 U 2 h(x,y) u(x,y,z) dγ(x,y,z)/dt =u(x,y,z)/h(x,y) p(x,y) Shear Rate Formation in Engine Bearings
20 a26b222630c26 80c a26 b22 b26 b30 c26 15 10 5 0 180 360 540 720 Crankangle
INPUT OUTPUT Image Torque Shear rate DATA Output Graph Software Excel, Axum6.0, Kaleida Graph 3.6 Force Diagram Viscosity Map Kappa Clearance Map Friction Power loss
0.0797m/s 0.1496m/s 0.1895m/s 0.2393m/s 0.3191m/s 0.3989m/s 0.4787m/s 194nm 210nm 214nm 224nm 250nm 280nm 300nm 0.0797m/s 0.1496m/s 0.1895m/s 0.2393m/s 0.3191m/s 0.3989m/s 0.4787m/s 196nm 209nm 218nm 238nm 270 nm 293 nm 310 nm 0.0797m/s 0.1496m/s 0.1895m/s 0.2393m/s 0.3191m/s 0.3989m/s 0.4787m/s 196nm 249nm 285nm 290nm 300nm 308 nm 320nm
0.0707m/s 0.1496m/s 0.1895m/s 0.2393m/s 0.3191m/s 0.3989m/s 0.4787m/s 183nm 186nm 185nm 200nm 201nm 210nm 245nm 0.0707m/s 0.1496m/s 0.1895m/s 0.2393m/s 0.3191m/s 0.3989m/s 0.4787m/s 181nm 186nm 188nm 194nm 195nm 196nm 213nm 0.0707m/s 0.1496m/s 0.1895m/s 0.2393m/s 0.3191m/s 0.3989m/s 0.4787m/s 194nm 197nm 187nm 195nm 203nm 207nm 220nm
0.0707m/s 0.1496m/s 0.1895m/s 0.2393m/s 0.3191m/s 0.3989m/s 0.4787m/s 177nm 185nm 187nm 192nm 190nm 195nm 204nm 0.0707m/s 0.1496m/s 0.1895m/s 0.2393m/s 0.3191m/s 0.3989m/s 0.4787m/s 189nm 189nm 192nm 197nm 200nm 200nm 205nm 0.0707m/s 0.1496m/s 0.1895m/s 0.2393m/s 0.3191m/s 0.3989m/s 0.4787m/s 186nm 189nm 194nm 213nm 212nm 208nm 212nm
shear film thickness 40C 350 film thickness (nm) 300 250 200 150 100 50 B2.2 film thickness (nm) B2.6 film thickness (nm) B3.0 film thickness (nm) 0 4 10 5 6 10 5 8 10 5 1 10 6 1.2 10 6 1.4 10 6 1.6 10 6 shear rate (1/s)
A2.6
B2.6
C2.6
B2.6 B2.2 B3.0
B2.6 A2.6 C2.6
a26b222630c26 80c 90 0.80 0.75 120 60 0.70 0.65 30 0.60 0.55 0 210 240 270 300 330 a26 b22 b26 b30 c26
a26b222630c26 120c 90 120 60 0.84 0.80 0.76 30 0.72 0.68 0.64 0 210 240 270 300 330 a26 b22 b26 b30 c26
a26b222630c26 150c 90 0.88 0.84 120 60 0.80 0.76 30 0.72 0.68 0 210 330 240 270 300 a26 b22 b26 b30 c26
20 15 a26b222630c26 80c a26 b22 b26 b30 c26 10 9 8 7 a26b222630c26 120c a26 b22 b26 b30 c26 8 7 6 a26b222630c26 150c a26 b22 b26 b30 c26 10 6 5 4 5 4 3 3 2 5 0 180 360 540 720 Crankangle 2 0 180 360 540 720 Crankangle 1 0 180 360 540 720 Crankangle