CC NA C is c o Ce rt if ie d Ne tw o rk As s o c iate S tudy Gu ide 1 2 3 4 IOS 5 IP 6 LA N(VLA N) 7 C is c o 8 Nove l IPX 9 10 WAN A B C Cata lyst 1900 Ind e x
5 IP 2 IP 2 IP 4 IP 8 8 12 13 Administrative Dista nce 13 14 16 RIP(Ro uting Informatio n Protoco l) 18 RIP 18 RIP 18 RIP 20 RIP 2 1 IGRP(Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) 21 IGRP 22 IGRP 22 IGRP 23 262 1A 23 250 1A 23 250 1B 23 250 1C 23 IGRP 24 25 S how Protoco ls 25 S how IP Protoc o l 25 De bug IP RIP 27 De bug IP IGRP 27 29 5 3 1 32 5.1: 5.2 : RIP 5.3 : IGRP 35 6 LA N(VLA N) LAN 4 1 4 1 42 42 LAN 43 LAN 43 LAN 43 LAN 44 Tagg ing 44 LAN 44 ISL(Inte r- Switc h Link) 45 45
VLAN 45 VTP(VLAN Trunk Protocol) 46 VTP 47 47 VTP Pruning 48 48 49 50 7 C IS C O Cisc o 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 Cisc o IOS 6 1 6 1 Cis c o IOS 6 1 Cis c o IOS 62 Cisc o 65 Cis c o 65 Cis c o 66 67 CDP(Cis c o Dis cove ry Protoc o l) 67 CDP Ho ldtime 67 68 69 70 Te lnet 7 1 Te lnet 72 Te lnet 73 Te lnet 73 Te lnet 73 74 74 DNS 76 78 Ping 78 Trac e 78 79 7 82 83 7.1: IOS 7.2 : IOS 7.3 : 7.4 : CDP(Cis c o Dis cove ry Protoc o l) 7.5 : Te lnet 7.6 : 86
5 IP 5 CCNA - IP - - - Dista nc e- vecto r - RIP - IGRP 5 IP. IP. IP. 5 Cis co IP.. (Static Ro uting) (Defa ult Routing ) (Dyna mic Routing ) Cis c o IP.. - 1 -
.. (tra ffic ).,. -...,.,....,.. IP IP,. A B 5. 1. 5. 1 IP A B IP ping... 1. ping 172.16.20.2. A IP ICMP. 2. IP ARP A IP.,.,. 3. A. (fra ming) (tra ns mitting ). ARP cac he - 2 -
. 4. IP (res o lve d), ARP c ac he, IP 172.16. 10.1 ARP. ping, ping. (c ac hed ). 5. Ethe rnet.. ICMP (ping ) (ha nd down).. ICMP IP IP. 6... ( IP Ethe rnet ). 5.2. 5.2 A ARP : 172. 16. 10. 1? ARP :? 00c 0.0000. 1234.. 5.2., IP, FCS (Fra me Che c k Seq ue nce ) CRC. 7. A. 1 0. 8. Ethe rnet 0 (, prea mble ). CRC, (e nd ) FCS CRC (matc h) frag me ntatio n. 9.. (type fie ld ). IP IP., A. 10. IP. IP - 3 -
172. 16.20.2 172.16.20.2 Ethe rnet 1. 11. Ethe rnet 1.., (prio r co mmunicatio n) ARP (c ac he ). ARP, ARP broadcast Ethe rnet 1 172.16.20.2. 12. B ARP (re ply). Ethe rnet 1. 5.3. 5.3 ARP : 172. 16.20.2? ARP : 00c 0.0000.432 1.. Ethe rnet 1 Ethe rnet 1 B.,, IP.. 13. B CRC. (c hec k out), B, IP., IP IP. IP B IP, IP. 14. ICMP B ICMP -. IP B IP A.., ARP.. hop., IP - 4 -
IP.? 5.4, 250 1A, 250 1B, 250 1C, 262 1A.. 5.4 IP 2 5.4 WAN 250 1 Ethe rnet network 250 1A 262 1. Ethe rnet netwo rk.. 5. 1 IP s c he me., IP. 24.(255.255.255.0) 5. 1 IP Netwo rk Netwo rk Add res s ing RO UTER NETWO RK ADDRES S INTERFAC E ADDRES S 262 1A 250 1A 250 1A 250 1B 250 1B 250 1B 250 1C 250 1C 172.16. 10.0 172.16. 10.0 172.16.20.0 172.16.20.0 172.16.40.0 172.16.30.0 172.16.40.0 172.16.50.0 f0/ 0 e 0 s 0 s 0 s 1 e 0 s 0 e 0 172.16. 10.1 172.16. 10.2 172.16.20.1 172.16.20.2 172.16.40.1 172.16.30.1 172.16.40.2 172.16.50.1 IP no s hutdown. IP. 2 6 2 1A 262 1 Fast Ethe rnet 0/ 0 IP. (ide ntific atio n).. Router > en Router#c onfig t Router (config)#hos tnam e 2621A 2621A (config)#interfac e fa0/ 0 2621A (config- if)#ip addres s 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0 2621A (config- if)#no s hut. 4. Cis c o IP privile ge d s ho w ip ro ute... 172. 16.10.0. - 5 -
2621A#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B. BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter ar ea N 1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E 1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF ext ernal type 2, E. EGP i - IS- IS, L1 - IS- IS level- 1, L2 - IS- IS level- 2, * - candidate default U - per - user static route, o - ODR, P - periodic dow nloaded static route T - traffic engineered route Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 1 subnet s C 172.16.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/ 0 2621A# 172.16. 10.0. C. s how ip route.. 2 5 0 1A. Ethe rnet 0 Se ria l 0. 250 1A Router > en Router#c onfig t Router (config)#hos tnam e 250 1A 2501A (config)#int e0 2501A (config- if)#ip addres s 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0 2501A (config- if)#no s hut 2501A (config- if)#int s 0 2501A (config- if)#ip addres s 172.16.20.1 255.255.255.0 2501A (config- if)#no s hut Se ria l 0 172.16.20.0, Ethe rnet 0 172.16. 10.0. s ho w ip ro ute. 2501A#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 2 subnet s C 172.16.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0 C 172.16.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 2501A# 250 1A 172. 16.10.0 172.16.20.0. 262 1 A LAN. 2 5 0 1B 250 1B DCE c loc k rate. DCE c loc k rate 4. Router > en Router#c onfig t Router (config)#hos tnam e 250 1B 2501B(config)#int e0-6 -
2501B(config- if)#ip addres s 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.0 2501B(config- if)#no s hut 2501B(config- if)#int s 0 2501B(config- if)#ip addres s 172.16.20.2 255.255.255.0 2501B(config- if)#clock rate 64000 2501B(config- if)#no s hut 2501B(config- if)#int s 1 2501B(config- if)#ip addres s 172.16.40.1 255.255.255.0 2501B(config- if)#clock rate 64000 2501B(config- if)#no s hut IP. s how ip ro ute 172.16.20.0 172.16.30.0 172.16.40.0. 2501B#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 3 subnet s C 172.16.40.0 is directly connected, Serial1 C 172.16.30.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 172.16.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0 2501B# A B WAN. B 262 1. B 172. 16.10.0. A 262 1 250 1B ping 250 1B 262 1. 2 5 0 1C 250 1C ID 250 1A. Router > en Router#c onfig t Router (config)#hos tnam e 250 1C 2501C(config)#int e0 2501C(config- if)#ip addres s 172.16.50.1 255.255.255.0 2501C(config- if)#no s hut 2501C(config- if)#int s 0 2501C(config- if)#ip addres s 172.16.40.2 255.255.255.0 2501C(config- if)#no s hut Ethe rnet 0 172. 16.50.0, 0 172. 16.40.0 WAN. s how ip ro ute 250 1C. 2501C#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 2 subnet s C 172.16.50.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 172.16.40.0 is directly connected, Serial0 2501C# - 7 -
250 1C 250 1B WAN. 250 1C. IP IP add res s ing.?..?,..,., (bus ines s req uire me nt).. (Static Ro uting) (Defa ult Routing ) (Dyna mic Routing ).,.... CPU.. ( ).,.,.,... ip ro ute [d e s t inat io n_ ne tw o rk] [ma s k] [ne xt_ ho p_ a d d re s s o r e x it inte rfa c e ] [a d m in is t rat ive _ d is ta nc e ] [pe rma ne nt ]. ip ro ute - 8 -
de s t inat io n ne tw o rk ma s k. ne xt ho p a dd re s s next ho p.. ping. e x it inte rfa c e next hop addres s. WAN point to point., Ethe rnet LAN. a d m in is t rat ive d is ta nc e 1 administrative dista nce. ad ministrative we ig ht. pe rma ne nt ho p,. pe rma ne nt. 5.4. 2 6 2 1A.,. 262 1 172. 16.10.0. 262 1A. 172.16.20.0 172.16.30.0 172.16.40.0 172.16.50.0 262 1A. 262 1A,,, (e ntry) 262 1 next ho p 172. 16.10.2. 2621A (Config)#ip route 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.2 2621A (Config)#ip route 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.2 2621A (Config)#ip route 172.16.40.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.2 2621A (Config)#ip route 172.16.50.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.2, s how running co nfig s how ip ro ute. ho p. ho p, pe rma ne nt. - 9 -
2621A#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 5 subnets S 172.16.50.0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.10.2 S 172.16.40.0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.10.2 S 172.16.30.0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.10.2 S 172.16.20.0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.10.2 C 172.16.10.0 is directly connected, F astethernet0/ 0 2621A# 262 1A. 250 1A 250 1A. 2 5 0 1A 250 1A 172. 16.10.0 172.16.20.0. 250 1A. 172.16.30.0 172.16.40.0 172.16.50.0 250 1A. 2501A (Config)#ip route 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2 2501A (Config)#ip route 172.16.40.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2 2501A (Config)#ip route 172.16.50.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2, 250 1A. 2501A#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 5 subnet s S 172.16.50.0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.20.2 S 172.16.40.0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.20.2 S 172.16.30.0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.20.2 C 172.16.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0 C 172.16.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 2501A# S. [ 1/ 0 ] administrative dista nce. 250 1A., 250 1A. 2 5 0 1B 250 1B 172. 16.20.0, 172. 16.30.0 172. 16.40.0. (172.16. 10.0 172.16.50.0). 2501B(Config)#ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.1 2501B(Config)#ip route 172.16.50.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.2-10 -
250 1B. 2501B#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 5 subnet s S 172.16.50.0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.40.2 C 172.16.40.0 is directly connected, Serial1 C 172.16.30.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 172.16.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0 S 172.16.10.0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.20.1 2501B# 250 1B, 172. 16.50.0. 250 1C 172. 16.50.0. 2 5 0 1C 250 1C 172.16.40.0 172. 16.50.0. 172. 16.10.0, 172.16.20.0 172. 16.30.0.. 2501C(Config)#ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1 2501C(Config)#ip route 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1 2501C(Config)#ip route 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1 250 1C s ho w ip ro ute. 2501C#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 5 subnet s C 172.16.50.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 172.16.40.0 is directly connected, Serial0 S 172.16.30.0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.40.1 S 172.16.20.0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.40.1 S 172.16.10.0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.40.1 2501C#..,..,. ping. 262 1A 250 1C ping e nd to e nd. 262 1A 172. 16.50.0 ping. - 11 -
2621A#ping 172.16.50.1 T ype escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100- byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.50.1, timeout is 2 seconds :.!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/ 5), r ound- trip min/ avg/ max = 64/ 66/ 68 m s 2621A#.( ). ping ARP. ARP, IP- to- Ethe rnet ARP c ac he. 4 cac he. hop IP co nne ctivity ARP. 250 1C, 172. 16.10.0 ping IP co nnectivity.. 2501C#ping 172.16.10.1 T ype escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100- byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds :!!!!! Success rate is 80 percent (4/ 5), round- trip min/ avg/ m ax = 64/ 67/ 72 ms ARP WAN LAN, ping. e nd to e nd ping.. hop. stub.,., stub 262 1A 250 1C. 250 1A 250 1B. 250 1C, 172. 16.50.0. 250 1C 250 1B 172.16.40.1. 262 1A 250 1A 172.16. 10.2.,.. 250 1C. 250 1C 172.16.40.0 172.16.50.. 172.16. 10.0, 172.16.20.0 172.16.30.0.,..,. 2501C(Config)#no ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1 2501C(Config)#no ip route 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1 2501C(Config)#no ip route 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1 2501C(Config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.40.1, S*. - 12 -
2501C#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] - IS- IS level- 1, L2 - IS - IS level- 2, * - candidat e default U - per - user static r oute, o. ODR Gatew ay of last resort is 172.16.40.1 to netw ork 0.0.0.0 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 5 subnet s C 172.16.50.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 172.16.40.0 is directly connected, Serial0 S * 0.0.0.0/ 0 [1/ 0] via 172.16.40.1 2501C#, (gateway of last res ort).,. ip c la s s le s s. Cis c o c lass ful route r.., (d ro p)., ip c la s s le s s. IOS 12.x, ip c la s s le s s.,,.. 2501C(config)#ip clas s les s. ip c la s s le s s. ip c la s s le s s.., CPU.., RIP(Ro uting Info rmation Protoco l) IGRP(Inte rio r Gateway Routing Protoc o l)., EIGRP(Enha nce ed Inte rio r Gateway Routing Protoc ol) OS PF(Ope n Sho rte st Path First) Sybex CCNP: Ro uting Study Guide. Cisc o ACRC(Adva nc ed Cis c o Ro ute r Co nfig uratio n). N O T E CCNA2 RIP IGRP.. IGP(Inte rio r Gateway Protoco l) EGP(Exte rior Gateway Protoc o l). IGP AS (a uto no mo us syste m). AS (Ad ministrative Do ma in). EGP AS. EGP BGP(Borde r Gateway Protoc ol), CCNP: Ro uting Study Guide (Sybex ). Ad m in is tra t iv e Dis ta nc e AD(Ad ministrative Dista nc e ). AD (trustwo rthines s ). AD 0 255. 0 255. AD 255 traffic. 5.2 AD, Cisc o. - 13 -
5.2 Defa ult Ad ministrative Dista nc e Ro ute S o urc e De fa u lt D is ta nc e Co nnecte d inte rfa ce Static route EIGRP IGRP OS PF RIP Exte rna l EIGRP Unknown 0 1 90 100 110 120 170 255 ( ),.,.. D is ta nc e ve c to r Dista nc e vecto r dista nce. d ista nc e, hop. ho p.. Dista nc e vecto r RIP IGRP. Link s tate link state S PF(Sho rte d Path First)..,,. Link state dista nce vector. link state IP OSPF. Hy b ird Hybird dista nce vector link state. EIGRP...,. CCNA dista nce ve cto r. Dis ta nc e - Ve c to r Dista nc e- ve cto r.. (ro uting by rumor)",.., AD. AD, (metric ). RIP ho p. ho p, RIP ro und robin load ba la nce. RIP 6 eq ua l- cost link load ba la nc ing. - 14 -
ho p.. 5.5 172.16.50.0 5.5 Pinho le 172.16.30.0 1.544Mbps T1, 172.16.20.0 56 K 56K T1., RIP hop, T1 56 K eq ua l c ost link. pinho le (c ongestion). Dista nc e vector. 5.6 4. Dista nce ve cto r,. 5.6,. active inte rface.,, ho p. 5.6 Dista nce vector 5.7. c onve rge. co nve rge. c onve rge nce. RIP co nve rge nc e. 5.7 Co nve rge - 15 -
,, ho p. Dios ctac e ve cto r active inte rfac e.. CPU., (o utage ). Dista nc e vector co nve rge nc e.. 5.8 5. E 5. A B,C,E 5. 5, E C. C E 5. A,B,D 5. C, B 5. A D. 5 B 4. 5.8 A 30, -, 5. B D A 5. 5. 5 A B A. -? ho p (Ma x im um Ho p C o unt) co unting to infinity,,. ho p. ho p. Dista nce ve cto r(rip) 15 ho p, 16 hop. Co unting to infinity.,.,, 16. - 16 -
S p lit Ho riz o n s plit ho rizo n. Dista nc e vector,. Split ho rizo n A B B. Po is o n ing ( Ro ute P o is o n ing ) po iso ning., 5, E 5 16 ( infinity), po iso ning. 5 po is oning, C 5. C E pois o ning, pois o n reve rs e E. pois o ned route info rmatio n. po is oning ho lddown( ) po iso ned ro ute 30 ( ), co nve rge nc e. Ho ld d o w n. Holddown.. (ino pe rative ). ho lddown. (metric ), holddown., ho lddown, holddown. co nve rge. Ho lddown ho lddown res et trigge red update. trigge red update. Trigge red update ho lddown res et. 1. ho lddown 2. 3. - 17 -
R IP (Ro ut ing Info rm a t io n P ro to c o l) RIP d ista nc e vector. 30 active inte rfac e. RIP ho p. ho p 15 16. RIP, WAN. RIP 1 c las sful ro uting,. RIP 1. RIP 2 pre fix,. c lass les s routing. RIP 1 CCNA. R IP RIP. Ro ute upd ate t ime r ( 30 ),. Ro ute inva lid t ime r (90 )..,. Ro ute f lus h t ime r (240 ).,. Ro ute inva lid time r Route flus h time r.. R IP RIP route r rip. RIP. 4 RIP. 2 6 2 1A RIP a dministrative d ista nc e 120. 1 AD, RIP. off. no ip ro ute. 262 1A ip ro ute. 2621A#c onfig t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End w ith CNT L/ Z. 2621A (config)#no ip route 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.2 2621A (config)#no ip route 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.2 2621A (config)#no ip route 172.16.40.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.2 2621A (config)#no ip route 172.16.50.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.2, ro ute r rip ne tw o rk RIP. ne tw o rk. - 18 -
, c las sful bo unda ry. RIP. 2621A (config)#router rip 2621A (config- rout er )#netw ork 172.16.0.0 2621A (config- rout er )#^Z 2621A# 2.? CPU. 2 5 0 1A 250 1A RIP. AD 120, RIP., RIP. 2501A#c onfig t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End w ith CNT L/ Z. 2501A (config)#no ip route 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2 2501A (config)#no ip route 172.16.40.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2 2501A (config)#no ip route 172.16.50.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2 2501A (config)#router rip 2501A (config- rout er )#netw ork 172.16.0.0 2501A (config- rout er )#^Z 2501A#. 2 5 0 1B 250 1B., RIP on. 2501B#c onfig t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End w ith CNT L/ Z. 2501B(config)#no ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.1 2501B(config)#no ip route 172.16.50.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.2 2501B(config)#router rip 2501B(config- r outer )#netw ork 172.16.0.0 2501B(config- r outer )#^Z 2501B# RIP. 2 5 0 1C 250 1C de fa u lt ro ute., RIP. RouterC#c onfig t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End w ith CNT L/ Z. RouterC(config)#no ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.40.1 RouterC(config)#router rip RouterC(config- router )#netw ork 172.16.0.0 RouterC(config- router )#^Z - 19 -
RouterC# 05:10:31: %SYS- 5- CONFIG_I: Configured fr om console by console. 0 AD, 1, RIP 120 AD. RIP. RIP,, 14. R IP RIP. 262 1A. 2621A#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 5 subnet s R 172.16.50.0 [120/ 3] via 172.16.10.2, FastEthernet0/ 0 R 172.16.40.0 [120/ 2] via 172.16.10.2, FastEthernet0/ 0 R 172.16.30.0 [120/ 2] via 172.16.10.2, FastEthernet0/ 0 R 172.16.20.0 [120/ 1] via 172.16.10.2, FastEthernet0/ 0 C 172.16.10.0 is directly connected, F astethernet0/ 0 2621A#,. R RIP. [ 12 0 / 3 ] ad ministrative d ista nc e (120) ho p (3). 250 1A. 2501A#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 5 subnets R 172.16.50.0 [120/ 2] via 172.16.20.2, 00:00:11, Serial0 R 172.16.40.0 [120/ 1] via 172.16.20.2, 00:00:11, Serial0 R 172.16.30.0 [120/ 1] via 172.16.20.2, 00:00:11, Serial0 C 172.16.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0 C 172.16.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 2501A#,. 250 1B 250 1C. 2501B#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 5 subnets R 172.16.50.0 [120/ 1] via 172.16.40.2, 00:00:26, Serial1 C 172.16.40.0 is directly connected, Serial1 C 172.16.30.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0-20 -
C 172.16.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0 R 172.16.10.0 [120/ 1] via 172.16.20.1, 00:00:04, Serial0 2501B# RouterC#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 5 subnets C 172.16.50.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 172.16.40.0 is directly connected, Serial0 R 172.16.30.0 [120/ 1] via 172.16.40.1, 00:00:06, Serial0 R 172.16.20.0 [120/ 1] via 172.16.40.1, 00:00:06, Serial0 R 172.16.10.0 [120/ 2] via 172.16.40.1, 00:00:06, Serial0 RouterC# RIP. RIP hop 15 (16 ), 30. havoc. R IP RIP LAN WAN., RIP. LAN WAN RIP. pa s s ive - inte rfa c e. RIP update broadcast, RIP. pa s s ive - inte rfa c e. RouterA#c onfig t RouterA (config)#routre rip RouterA (config- router )#netw ork 10.0.0.0 RouterA (config- router )#pas s iv e - interfac e s erial 0 RIP 0. 0 RIP. IG RP ( Inte rio r Ga te w a y Ro ut ing P ro to c o l) IGRP Cis co dista nce - vector., IGRP, Cis co. Cisc o RIP. IGRP 100, 255 ho p., RIP ho p 15. IGRP RIP. IGRP de lay.., (Re lia bility), load, (Maximum Tra ns mis s io n Unit : MTU). - 21 -
IG RP IGRP. Update t im e r. 90. Inva lid t ime r,. 3. Ho ld do w n t ime r holddown. 3 10. F lus h t im e r. 7. IG RP Ro uting RIP IGRP. AS(Autono mo us Syste m). AS AS.. IGRP on. RouterA#c onfig t RouterA (config)#router ig rp 10 RouterA (config- router )#netw ork 172.16.0.0 IGRP AS RIP.. IGRP load ba la nc e. RIP load ba la nc e hop co unt. IGRP load ba la nc e. 6 loa d ba la nce va ria nc e load ba la nc e. IGRP load- s ha ring traffic. t ra ff ic - s ha re ba la nc e d tra ff ic - s ha re m in. ro ute r ig rp. Router (config- router )#v arianc e? < 1-128> Metric variance multiplier Router (config- router )#traffic - s hare? balanced Share inversely proportional to metric min All traffic shared among min metric paths va ria nc e. (metric multiplie r). t ra ff ic - s ha re ba la nc e d m in. t ra ff ic - s ha re b la nc e d IGRP. tra ff ic s ha re m in IGRP. - 22 -
IG RP IGRP, RIP. AS. AS. AS 10. IGRP. 2 6 2 1A AS 1 65535.. 1 AS 2621A#c onfig t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End w ith CNT L/ Z. 2621A (config)#router ig rp? < 1-65535> Autonomous system number 2621A (config)#router ig rp 10 2621A (config- rout er )#netw 172.16.0.0 2621A (config- rout er )#^Z 2621A# ro ute r ig rp IGRP... RIP IGRP c las s ful ro uting, 2 5 0 1A 250 1A AS 10 IGRP on. 2 5 0 1B 2501A#c onfig t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End w ith CNT L/ Z. 2501A (config)#router ig rp 10 2501A (config- rout er )#netw 172.16.0.0 2501A (config- rout er )#^Z 2501A# 250 1B AS 10 IGRP on. 2 5 0 1C 2501B#c onfig t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End w ith CNT L/ Z. 2501B(config)#router ig rp 10 2501B(config- r outer )#netw 172.16.0.0 2501B(config- r outer )#^Z 2501B# 250 1C. AS 10. 250.1C#c onfig t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End w ith CNT L/ Z. 2501C(config)#router ig rp 10 2501C(config- rout er )#netw 172.16.0.0 2501C(config- rout er )#^Z RouterC# - 23 -
IG RP, s ho w ip ro ute., IGRP. RIP,, CPU. RIP. RIP IGRP AD. 262 1A.. 2621A#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] T - traffic engineered route Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 5 subnets I 172.16.50.0 [100/ 160360] via 172.16.10.2, F astethernet0/ 0 I 172.16.40.0 [100/ 160260] via 172.16.10.2, F astethernet0/ 0 I 172.16.30.0 [100/ 158360] via 172.16.10.2, F astethernet0/ 0 I 172.16.20.0 [100/ 158260] via 172.16.10.2, F astethernet0/ 0 C 172.16.10.0 is directly connected, F astethernet0/ 0 I IGRP injected. [ 10 0 / 16 0 3 6 0 ] IGRP AD c ompos ite metric. co mpos ite metric. 250 1A. 2501A#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] U - per - user static route, o - ODR Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 5 subnets I 172.16.50.0 [100/ 160350] via 172.16.20.2, 00:00:49, Serial0 I 172.16.40.0 [100/ 160250] via 172.16.20.2, 00:00:49, Serial0 I 172.16.30.0 [100/ 158350] via 172.16.20.2, 00:00:49, Serial0 C 172.16.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0 C 172.16.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 2501A# 250 1B. 2501B#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] U - per - user static route, o - ODR Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnett ed, 5 subnets I 172.16.50.0 [100/ 8576] via 172.16.40.2, 00:01:11, Serial1 C 172.16.40.0 is directly connected, Serial1 C 172.16.30.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 172.16.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0 I 172.16.10.0 [100/ 158350] via 172.16.20.1, 00:00:36, Serial0 2501B# - 24 -
250 1C. 2501C#s h ip route Codes : C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M. [ ] U - per - user static route, o - ODR Gatew ay of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/ 24 is subnetted, 5 subnets C 172.16.50.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 172.16.40.0 is directly connected, Serial0 I 172.16.30.0 [100/ 8576] via 172.16.40.1, 00:00:28, Serial0 I 172.16.20.0 [100/ 160250] via 172.16.40.1, 00:00:28, Serial0 I 172.16.10.0 [100/ 160350] via 172.16.40.1, 00:00:28, Serial0 2501C#,. Cis co.,. s ho w ip ro ute s ho w p ro to c o ls s ho w ip p ro to c o l d e b ug ip rip d e b ug ip ig rp e ve nts d e b ug ip ig rp t ra ns a c t io ns S ho w Pro to c o ls s how protoco ls. 2501B#s h protoc ol Global values : Int ernet Pr otocol routing is enabled Ethernet0 is up, line prot ocol is up Int ernet address is 172.16.30.1/ 24 Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Int ernet address is 172.16.20.2/ 24 Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Int ernet address is 172.16.40.1/ 24 2501B# 250 1B Ethe rnet 0, Se ria l 0, Se ria l 1 IP. IPX AppleTa lk,. S ho w IP Pro to c o l s ho w ip p ro to c o l. - 25 -
RIP IGRP. IGRP IGRP a dministrative dista nce. s how ip protoco ls. RIP 30. RIP 172. 16.0.0 172. 16.40.2 172.16.20.1. 2501B#s h ip protoc ol Routing Prot ocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 6 seconds Invalid aft er 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filt er list for all int erfaces is Incoming update filt er list for all int erfaces is Redistributing : rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any ver sion Interface Send Recv Key- chain Ethernet0 1 1 2 Serial0 1 1 2 Serial1 1 1 2 Routing for Netw orks : 172.16.0.0 Routing Information Sources : Gatew ay Distance Last Update 172.16.40.2 120 00:00:21 172.16.20.1 120 00:00:23 Distance: (default is 120) RIP defa ult administrative d ista nce (120). IGRP. 90, administrative d ista nce 100. Routing Prot ocol is "igrp 10" Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 42 seconds Invalid aft er 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630 Outgoing update filt er list for all int erfaces is Incoming update filt er list for all int erfaces is Default netw orks flagged in out going updates Default netw orks accepted from incoming updates IGRP metric w eight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 IGRP maximum hopcount 100 IGRP maximum metric variance 1 Redistributing : eigrp 10, igrp 10 Routing for Netw orks : 172.16.0.0 Routing Information Sources : Gatew ay Distance Last Update 172.16.40.2 100 00:00:47 172.16.20.1 100 00:01:18 Distance: (default is 100) - 26 -
s ho w ip p ro to c o ls AS,,,, AD(100). 270, 3.,. ho lddown 280, 3. (s ec onds ). ho lddown flus h time r. flus h time r,. De b ug IP R IP de b ug ip rip. Te lnet, d e bug te rm ina l mo n ito r. RIP se ria l 1, Se ria l 0, Ethe rnet 0.. hop. 2501B#debug ip rip RIP protocol debugging is on 2501B# 07:12:56: RIP : received v 1 update from 172.16.40.2 on Serial1 07:12:56: 172.16.50.0 in 1 hops 07:12:56: RIP : received v 1 update from 172.16.20.1 on Serial0 07:12:56: 172.16.10.0 in 1 hops 07:12:58: RIP : sending v 1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0 (172.16.30.1) 07:12:58: subnet 172.16.40.0, metric 1 07:12:58: subnet 172.16.20.0, metric 1 07:12:58: RIP : sending v 1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial0 (172.16.20.2) 07:12:58: subnet 172.16.40.0, metric 1 07:12:58: subnet 172.16.30.0, metric 1 07:12:58: RIP : sending v 1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1 (172.16.40.1) 07:12:58: subnet 172.16.30.0, metric 1 07:12:58: subnet 172.16.20.0, metric 1 2501B#undebug all All possible debugging has been turned off 2501B#, und e bug a ll no d e bug a ll. un a ll. De b ug IP IG RP de bug ip ig rp eve nts tra nsa ctio ns. 2501B#debug ip ig rp? events IGRP pr otocol events tr ansactions IGRP pr otocol transactions. De b ug IP IG RP Ev e nts de b ug ip ig rp e ve nts IGRP. - 27 -
.. 2501B#debug ip ig rp ev ents IGRP event debugging is on 07:13:50: IGRP : r eceived request from 172.16.40.2 on Serial1 07:13:50: IGRP : sending update to 172.16.40.2 via Serial1 (172.16.40.1) 07:13:51: IGRP : Update cont ains 3 interior, 0 system, and 0 exterior routes. 07:13:51: IGRP : T otal routes in update: 3 07:13:51: IGRP : r eceived updat e fr om 172.16.40.2 on Serial1 07:13:51: IGRP : Update cont ains 1 interior, 0 system, and 0 exterior routes. 07:13:51: IGRP : T otal routes in update: 1 2501B#un 07:13:52: IGRP : r eceived updat e fr om 172.16.40.2 on Serial1 07:13:52: IGRP : Update cont ains 1 interior, 0 system, and 0 exterior routes. 07:13:52: IGRP : T otal routes in update: 1 2501B#un all All possible debugging has been turned off unde b ug a ll. De b ug IP IG RP Tra ns a c tio ns de b ug ip ig rp tra ns a c t io ns., 172.16.40.2 250 1B Se ria l 1. 250 1B. 2501B#debug ip ig rp trans actions IGRP pr otocol debugging is on 07:14:05: IGRP : r eceived request from 172.16.40.2 on Serial1 07:14:05: IGRP : sending update to 172.16.40.2 via Serial1 (172.16.40.1) 07:14:05: subnet 172.16.30.0, metric=1100 07:14:05: subnet 172.16.20.0, metric=158250 07:14:05: subnet 172.16.10.0, metric=158350 07:14:06: IGRP : r eceived updat e fr om 172.16.40.2 on Serial1 07:14:06: subnet 172.16.50.0, metric 8576 (neighbor 1100) 2501B#un all All possible debugging has been turned off 2501B# unde b ug a ll. - 28 -
5 IP. 5, Cisc o IP. 5. IP, Cis co, stub, dista nce vector RIP IGRP. c las s les s routing co mpos ite metric ho lddow n hop c ount po is on reve rs e updates ro ute pois o ning sp lit horiz on 5 s how ip ro ute IP IP route IP c la ss les s ro ute r rip IP RIP on network No IP ro ute - 29 -
ro ute r ig rp as IP IGRP on va ria nc e metric acc e pta ble metric load ba la nc ing traffic- s ha re ba la nce d IGRP traffic- s ha re min IGRP (minimum costs ) s how protoco ls Routed protoco ls s how ip protoc ols de bug ip rip RIP de bug ip ig rp eve nts IGRP de bug ip ig rp trac sa ctio ns - 30 -
. 1. 172.16.20.1 next ho p gateway 150 ad ministrative dista nce 172. 16.10./ 24. 2. RIP 10.0.0.0. 3. RIP Se ria l 1 4. IGRP AS 10 172. 16.0.0. 5. 172.16.50.0. 6. Dista nce- vecto r trigge red update? 7. ho p d ista nce- vecto r? 8. d ista nc e- ve cto r? 9. ( ) load ba la nc ing. 10.? - 31 -
, 250 1 262 1.. 5. 1 5.2 5.3 RIP IGRP 5.9. 5.9 Ha nds - o n la b inte rnetwo rk 5. 1. ping. 1. 262 1 172. 16.10.0/ 24. 172.16.20.0/ 24, 172. 16.30.0/ 24, 172. 16.50.0/ 24. 262 1. 2621#c onfig t 2621(config)#ip route 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.1 2621(config)#ip route 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.1 2621(config)#ip route 172.16.40.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.1 2621(config)#ip route 172.16.50.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.1 2. e na ble d mode c o py run s ta rt 262 1. 3. A 172.16. 10.0/ 24, 172.16.30.0/ 24, 172. 16.40.0/ 24, 172. 16.50.0/ 24. RouterA#c onfig t RouterA (config)#ip route 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2 RouterA (config)#ip route 172.16.40.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2 RouterA (config)#ip route 172.16.50.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2 A 172. 16.30.0/ 24, 172.16.30.0/ 24 IP add res s 172.16.20.2 B. 172.16.40.0/ 24, 172. 16.50.0/ 24. 4. e na bled mode c o py run s ta rt A. 5. B, 172. 16.10.0/ 24 172. 16.50.0/ 24. B. - 32 -
RouterB#c onfig t RouterB (config)#ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.1 RouterB (config)#ip route 172.16.50.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.2 B 172.16. 10.0/ 24, B 172. 16.20. 1. B 172.16.40.2 netwo rk 172. 16.50.0/ 24. e na ble, c o py run s ta rt Ente r B. 6. C 172.16.50.0/ 24 172. 16.40.0/ 24. C 172. 16.30.0/ 24, 172. 16.20.0/ 24, 172.16. 10.0/ 24. C. RouterC#c onfig t RouterC(config)#ip route 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1 RouterC(config)#ip route 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1 RouterA (config)#ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1 e na ble, c o py run s ta rt Ente r C. ping.,. 5.2 R IP RIP. 1. no ip ro ute., RouterA#c onfig t RouterA (config)#no ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.11.2 RouterA (config)#no ip route 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2 RouterA (config)#no ip route 172.16.40.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2 RouterA (config)#no ip route 172.16.50.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2 RouterA (config)#no ip route 172.16.55.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.2 B 262 1. s h run Ente r. 2. c o nf ig t A. 3. ro ute r rip Ente r RIP. c onfig t router rip 4. network 172.16.0.0 Ente r,. 5. Ctrl+Z. 6. B C 262 1. Config t Router rip N etw ork 172.16.0.0 7. RIP. - 33 -
s how ip protoc ol s how ip route s how running - c onfig or s how run 8. co py run sta rt co py running- co nfig sta rtup- c o nfig Ente r. 9. ping. 5.3 IG RP RIP IGRP ro uting protoc o l. 1. e n e na b le privile ge d mode. 2. RIP. RIP, no ro ute r rip. c onfig t no router rip 3. A ro ute r ig rp?. 4. a uto nomous syste m. AS. 10 Ente r. AS. 5. co nfig- ro ute r ne tw o rk 172. 16.0.0. s ubnet numbe rs c las s ful netwo rk bounda ry. 6. Ctrl+Z. 7. B C 262 1. RouterB (config)#router ig rp 10 RouterB (config- router )#netw ork 172.16.0.0 8. IGRP. s how ip protoc ol RIP IGRP. s h ip route 8 : 10, 11, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 55., I routes, IGRP route s. RIP, netwo rk e ntry netwo rk numbe r (100/ 23456). (100) (trustwo rthine ss rating ). RIP 120, RIP ro ute IGRP ro ute., we ight,. s how running - c onfig RIP IGRP. 9. co py running- co nfig sta rtup- c onfig c opy run sta rt Ente r. 10., ping. - 34 -
1. RIP? A. Ro uted info rmatio n B. Link togethe r C. Link state D. Dista nce vector 2. IGRP? A. Ro uted info rmatio n B. Link togethe r C. Link state D. Dista nce vector 3. route r pro mpt IGRP broadcast freq ue ncy? A. s h ip ro ute B. s h ip protoco l C. s h ip broadcast D. de bug ip igrp 4. RIP? A. Co unt to infinity B. Hop co unt C. TTL D. Ba ndwidth, de lay 5.? A. Ro ute r(co nfig- if)# no routing B. Ro ute r(c onfig- if)# pas s ive0inte rfac e C. Ro ute r(co nfig- ro ute r)# pass ive- inte rfac e s0 D. Ro ute r(co nfig- ro ute r)# no routing update s 6. IGRP de fa ult routing metric? ( ) A. Co unt to infinity B. Hop co unt C. TTL D. Ba ndwidth E. De lay 7. RIP ro uting network 16 hops metric? A. 16ms B. C. ho ps D. 16 ho ps- unre ac ha ble E. ho p - 35 -
8. holddowns? A. hop ho ld down B. C. D. 9. Split ho rizo n? A.,. B. bus ( ) phys ica l netwo rk, traffic C. D.. 10. Pos io n reve rse? A. po is on pill B., C.. D. metric infinity 11. IGRP ad ministrative d ista nc e? A. 90 B. 100 C. 120 D. 220 12. de fa ult? A. route ip 172.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0 B. ip ro ute 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172. 16.20. 1 C. ip route 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 172. 16.20. 1 D. route ip 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16. 10.1150 13. IP link state protoc ol? A. RIP v2 B. EIGRP C. OSPF D. IGRP 14. RIP networks?( ) A. s h ip ro ute B. s h ip rip C. s h rip network D. de bug ip rip 15. dista nce - vector- bas ed networks? ( ) A. 60. B. 60. C. 60. D. 90. - 36 -
16. IP ro uting ta ble Cis co IOS? A. s h ip c o nfig B. s h ip a rp C. s h ip route D. s h ip ta ble 17. ad ministrative dista nce? A. B. (Creating a data base ) C. 0 255 D. 0 1023 18. ro uting ta ble, S? A. Dyna mic a lly co nnecte d B. Directly co nnecte d C. Static a lly co nnecte d D. Se nd ing pa c kets 19. IP ro uting? A. IP ho p. B. IP ho p. C. ho p. D. ho p. 20. (static ro utes )?( ) A. pa ra mete r B. Gateway pa ra mete r C. AD(ad ministrative d ista nc e ) D. AD(ad ministrative d ista nc e ) E. - 37 -
1. ip route 172. 16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172. 16.20. 1 150 2. co nfig t ro ute r rip network 10.0.0.0 3. co nfig t ro ute r rip pas s ive- inte rface s e ria l 1 4. co nfig t ro ute r ig rp 10 network 172. 16.0.0 5. co nfig t ip ro ute 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172. 16.50.3 6. Ho lddown time rs 7. Pois o n reve rse 8. Split ho rizo n 9. va ria nc e 10. de bug ip rip - 38 -
1. D. RIP dista nce - vector hop inte rnetwork. 2. D. IGRP Cis c o d ista nc e- ve cto r. 3. B. s how ip protoco l. 4. B. RIP ho p co unt. 5. C. c o nfig- ro ute r pas s ive - inte rfa ce. 6. D, E. Line Ba ndwidth de lay IGRP. 7. D. RIP 15ho ps. 16. 8. B. Ho lddowns update me ss ages. 9. A. Split ho rizo n. 10. D. Po is on reve rse, ho p c o unt (infinity) (unrea c ha ble ). 1 1. B. IGRP de fa ult ad ministrative d ista nc e 100. RIP de fa ult ad ministrative d ista nc e 120. 12. B. 0 wildca rd IP. 13. C. OS PF(Ope n Sho rte st Path First) true link state IP.. 14. A, D. s how ip route de bug ip rip RIP. 15. C. Dista nce - vector active inte rface s. RIP 30. C, D,. 16. C. s how ip ro ute IP,,. 17. C. Ad ministrative dista nce. 0. 18. C. (statica lly c onnected routes ) S. 19. D. IP hop. 2 0. B, D., next ho p ro ute r. Administrative d ista nce. - 39 -
6 LAN (VLA N) 6 CCNA - LAN(Virtua l LAN) - - IS L(Inte r- Switc h Link) - VTP(Virtua l Trunking Protoco l) VLAN.. VLAN. VLAN., VLAN. VLAN. VLAN,,. 6 VLAN VLAN. VTP(Virtua l Trunk Protoco l) VLAN. Fa st Ethe rnet. VLAN.
LAN 6. 1 (Flat Network) - 2.. 6. 1.. - 2.,. - 2.... LAN - 2,.,....,,....,. (Flat netwo rk)... LAN. VLAN. VLAN. - 3 (RS M) VLAN,. - 41 -
Flat.,.,,.. VLAN.... Inte r- VLAN,.,. - 2.., VLAN. VLAN VLAN. VLAN (Switc h fa bric ),. (NIC). VLAN, VLAN. VLAN. VLAN,. 6.2 LAN. 6.2 LAN... 6.3.. VLAN.,?. - 42 -
6.3 6.3 VLAN,. VLAN, VLAN, VLAN. VLAN, 6.2. 6.2?,? 6.3 VLAN - 3. VLAN - 3. LAN VLAN VLAN. VLAN., VLAN. VLAN VLAN. VLAN. VLAN..,. VLAN VLAN, (MAC a dd re ss ), VLAN VLAN., MAC VLAN. VLAN VLAN.., VLAN.. Cis c o VLAN (VMPS : VLAN Ma nage me nt Policy Se rve r) VLAN MAC. VMPS MAC VLAN. - 43 -
LAN VLAN. VLAN. Tagging.. (Ac c e s s link) VLAN (native ) VLAN. VLAN.. VLAN. VLAN. (Trunk link) VLAN.,,. FsatEthe rnet Giga bit Ethe rnet. VLAN Ethe rnet, Cisc o IS L 802.1q -. VLAN VLAN., VLAN. Ta g g ing VLAN. VLAN. ( ta gg ing) ID. VLAN ID c olo r. Cis c o Ethe rnet, ta gg ing. VLAN. VLAN ID,.,., VLAN. VLAN ID. LAN VLAN ID VLAN.. IS L( Inte r- S w itc h Link) Cis co, Fast Ethe rnet Giga bit Ethe rnet,,,. VLAN 80/ 20. VLAN( ). - 3. IEEE 8 0 2. 1q IEEE Tagging. VLAN. Cis co, 802.1q. LANE(LAN e m u lat io n) VLAN ATM. 8 0 2. 10 (FDD I) FDDI VLAN. VLAN - 44 -
SAID. Cisc o. N O T E CCNA VLAN ISL. IS L( Inte r- S w itc h Lin k) ISL VLAN tagg ing. ta gg ing VLAN 1 VLAN. IS L, VLAN. ISL Fast Ethe rnet. ISL Cis c o Cis c o IS L. VLAN 802. 1q. CCNP: Switc hing Study Guide ". ISL ta gg ing, 26 IS L. 4- (FCS)., IS L., 1522. IS L, 15 18. VLAN( ),. ISL (NIC) VLAN, VLAN. pro be.., VLAN IS L. ISL VLAN. IS L.,, 100 1000 Mbps (po int- to- po int). 1 1005 VLAN. 10 Mbps. VLAN.,. - 3 ( ).,,., VLAN. VLAN. Cis c o DTP(Dyna mic Trunking Protoco l) Cata lyst 4.2 IS L 802.1q. DTP 802. 1q. - 45 -
VLA N VLAN VLAN. VLAN OSI 2. VLAN - 3. VLAN IS L. ISL 2600. 1600, 1700, 2500 IS L. VLAN 10 Bas et Fast Ethe rnet. 10Ba set, FastEthe rnet., VLAN FastEthe rnet ISL 5000 (RSM). RS M 1005 VLAN bac kpla ne. Cis co Fast Ethe rnet IS L, ro ute r- on- a - stic k. VTP (VLAN Trun k P ro to c o l) Cis c o VLAN VTP( VLAN Trunk Protoc ol). VTP VLAN,,. VTP. VLAN ATM LANE FDDI VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VTP VLAN VTP. VLAN,. VTP VTP. VTP. VLAN, VTP. VTP. VTP, VLAN. VTP,, VTP. VTP tra ns pa re nt. VTP,.. VTP (adve rtis e me nt) VLAN. VLAN ID, 802.10 SAID, LANE. 1.. - 46 -
VT P VTP. 6.4. 6.4 VTP S e rve r c o nfiguratio n : NVRAM Clie nt c onfig ura tion : NVRAM Tra ns p a re nt c o nfiguratio n : NVRAM S e rve r Cata lyst. VTP VLAN. VTP VLAN,,. VTP. VTP. C lie nt VTP. VTP VLAN VLAN., VLAN. Tra ns pa re nt VTP, VTP. VTP tra ns pa re nt VLAN.. Tra ns pa re nt. VTP.. 6.5 6.5 VTP 1. VLAN. 2. N + 1 3 3 4. N + 1 4. N + 1 5. VLAN. 5. VLAN. VTP 5,,. N., VTP 1., VTP., NVRAM. - 47 -
VT P Prun ing VTP,. pruning. VTP pruning.., VLAN 5, VLAN5,. VTP pruning dis a ble. VTP pruning e na ble, e na ble. 2-1005 VLAN pruning. VLAN 1 VLAN prune. 6 VLAN(Virtua l La n) Cis c o VLAN. VLAN. - 2 co llis on. 6 Fast Ethe rnet VLAN. VLAN. VTP(Virtua l Trunk Protoc ol), VTP. VLAN, VTP.. acc es s link co llis ion dom ain flat netwo rk static VLAN trunk link broadcast do main dy nam ic VLAN IS L routing sw itc h fabric Virtual LAN VLA N Trunk Protoco l (VTP) - 48 -
. 1. VLAN VTP VLAN? 2. Cis co VLAN ide ntific ation? 3. VLAN. 4.,. 5. VTP? 6.? 7. Tagg ing? 8. True/ Fa ls e : IS L e nca ps ulation. 9. VLAN VLAN native VLAN? 10. VLAN e nca ps ulatio n multiplex Cisc o tagg ing? - 49 -
1. VLAN? ( ) A. Cisc o 2 VLAN. B. VLAN,. C. VTP 10. D. VTP VTP VLAN. 2. VLAN me mbe rs hip? A. DHCP B. C. D. VTP 3. IS L? A. 15 18 B. 1522 C. 4202 D. 8 190 4. VLAN? A. B. C. DHCP D. VLAN Ma na ge me nt Po licy 5.?( ) A. Virtual Trunk Protocol B. VLAN C. Trunk D. IS L 6. VTP?( ) A. VTP pruning e na ble. B. VTP pruning d is a ble. C. 5000 VTP pruning. D. VTP pruning VTP e na ble. 7. Cis co e nc a ps ulates FCS? A. IS L B. 802.1q C. 802.3z D. 802.3u - 50 -
8. VTP tra ns pa re nt? A. Tra ns pa re nt adve rtis e me nt. B. Tra ns pa re nt adve rtise me nt. C. Tra ns pa re nt adve rtis e me nt. D. Tra ns pa re nt. 9. VTP?( ) A. VLAN 1 B. C. VLAN c o nfig uration (Co ns iste ncy) D. Ethe rnet ATM LANE FDDI E. VLAN F. VLAN G. VLAN H. co nfiguratio n 10. VTP? A. VTP. B. VTP tra ns pa re nt. C. Cis c o Cis co VTP o n. D. VTP. 11.? A.. B. Ethe rnet Toke n Ring, FDDI, ATM. C. 10-, 100-, 1000Mbps. D. VLAN. 12. VTP? A. 60 B. revis io n numbe r adve rtis e me nt, NVRAM. C. revis io n numbe r a dve rtise me nt, NVRAM. D. revis io n numbe r adve rtis e me nt, NVRAM. 13. Tagging IEEE? A. IS L B. 802.3z C. 802. 1q D. 802.3u - 51 -
14.? A. VLAN. B. VLAN. C. VLAN. D. VLAN VLAN. 15.? A. VLAN. B. VLAN. C. VLAN. D. VLAN VLAN. 16.? A. VLAN. B. VLAN VLAN. C. Fast Ethe rnet Giga bit Ethe rnet. D. VLAN, native VLAN. 17. Tagging IEEE? A. IS L B. LANE C. SAID field D. 802.1q 18., VTP adve rtis e me nt VTP? A. IS L B. Clie nt C. Tra ns pa re nt D. Se rve r 19. IS L? A. 2 bytes B. 6 bytes C. 26 bytes D. 1522 bytes 20. Tagging? A. VLAN B. VLAN C. IS L D. 802.1q - 52 -
1. Clie nt 2. IS L 3. broadcast 4. co llis io n 5. Se rve r 6. VLAN. 7. ide ntificatio n( Tagg ing ) ID. VLAN ID c olo r. 8. True 9. Ac ces s link 10. IS L 1. D. VLAN. VTP. VTP(Vitua l Trunk Protoc o l) VLAN. 2. B, C. VLAN me mbe rs hip,. 3. B. IS L 1522. 4. D. VMPS. 5. C, D. VTP VLAN. IS L. 6. B, D. Pruning dis a ble., VTP pruning e na ble, VTP pruning. 7. A. ISL(Inte r- Switc h Link) CRC e nc a ps ulate. 8. A. tra ns pa re nt. VLAN VLAN, VLAN. VLAN. - 53 -
9. B, C, D, E, F, G. VLAN VTP. VTP VLAN. 10. A. Cisc o VTP. Cis co VTP. 1 1. D., VLAN. VLAN. 12. B. revis io n numbe r 1. VLAN VLAN. 13. C. 802. 1q. 14. A, D. VLAN. 15. B, C., IS L e nc a ps ulatio n. IS L. 16. D. VLAN. 17. D. 802. 1q IEEE. 18. C. Tra ns pa re nt VTP VTP VTP VTP VTP. 19. C. IS L 26. 2 0. B. Cis co Ethe rnet Tagging. - 54 -
7 C is c o 7 CCNA - TFTP Cis c o IOS - TFTP Cis co IOS - TFTP, Cisc o - CDP(Cis co Disc ove ry Protoc ol) -, IP - IP - IP OS I 7 Cis co. ( IOS : Inte rnetwo rk Ope ration Syste m) Cis co,.,.. Cis co IOS Cis co CDP Te lnet ping trace
C is c o Cis c o Cis co. 7. 1 Cis co. 7. 1 Cisc o Bootstra p POST (powe r- o n s e lf te st) ROM Mini- IOS RAM (random access memory) ROM (read- only me mo ry) Fla s h me mo ry ROM mic rocode,. IOS. ROM mic rocode,. ROM mic rocode, ROM. Cisc o RXBOOT bootloa de r, ROM, Cis co IOS IOS. mini- IOS., data structure. Running- co nfig RAM, IOS RAM.. Cis c o IOS,. EEPROM. NVRAM (nonvolatile RAM).. NVRAM Co nfiguratio n reg iste r. s how ve rs io n, 0x2 102, IOS.,.. 1. POST. POST., POST. POST ROM, ROM. 2. Bootstra p Cis co IOS. Bootstra p ROM. Bootstra p IOS. Cis co IOS. 3. IOS NVRAM. sta rtup- c onfig, sta rtup- co nfig NVRAM - 56 -
. 4. NVRAM,. sta rtup- c onfig NVRAM, s etup. Cis co NVRAM 16. Cis co IOS NVRAM sta rtup- co nfig. 15-0 16,. Cis c o 0x2 102. 7.2 13, 8, 1. 4 1, 2, 4 8. 7.2 2 1 0 2 15 14 13 13 0 0 1 0 11 10 9 8 0 0 0 1 7 6 5 4 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 N O T E Ox. Ox 16. 7.3. 6 NVRAM. 6. 7.3 0-3 6 7 8 10 11-12 13 14 15 0x0000-0x000F 0x0040 0x0080 0x0 10 1 0x0400 0x0800-0x1000 0x2000 0x4000 0x8000 ( 7.4 ) NVRAM OEM Brea k IP 0 ROM IP NVM 0-3, 7.4. - 57 -
7.4 ( 00-03 ) 00 ROM ROM 2 100. b. ro mmo n>. 0 1 ROM ROM IOS 2 10 1. route r(boot)>. 02- F 2 102 2 10 F NVRAM. N O T E 16 0-9 A- F(A= 10, B= 11, C= 12, D= 13, E= 14 F= 15)., 2 10 F 10 15, 2 1111. s ho w ve rs io n (s h ve rs io n s ho w ve r). Router#s h v ers ion Cisco Internetw ork Operating Syst em Softw are IOS (tm ) C2600 Softw are (C2600- I- M ), Version 12.0(3)T 3, RELEASE SOFT WARE (fc1) [ ] Configuration register is 0x2102. 0x2 102. s ho w ve rs io n IOS. IOS 12.0 (3)T3.. ROM Boot so urce Bre a k Ena ble / Disa ble ROM TFTP N O T E. s how ve rs io n. co nfig- re giste r. ROM. Router (config)#c onfig - reg is ter 0x 010 1 Router (config)#^z Router#s h v er [ ] - 58 -
Configuration register is 0x2102 (will be 0x0101 at next reload) s ho w ve rs io n,... 6 NVRAM. 6 0x2 102 6. NVRAM(sta rtup- c o nfig ). 6 NVRAM. 6 0x2 142.. 1. brea k. 2. 0x2 142 6. 3.. 4. Privile ge d. 5. sta rtup- c onfig running- co nfig. 6.. 7.. 8.. 2600 2500. brea k. (Hype r Te rmina l) Ctrl+Brea k. N O T E NT brea k. 95/ 98.. System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFT WARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1999 by cisco Systems, Inc. TAC:Home:SW :IOS :Specials for info PC = 0xfff0a530, Vect or = 0x500, SP = 0x680127b0 C2600 platform w ith 32768 Kbytes of main m emory PC = 0xfff0a530, Vect or = 0x500, SP = 0x80004374 monitor : command "boot " aborted due to user int errupt rommon 1 > boot " a bo rted d ue to use r inte rrupt ("boot " )., rommo n 1>. c o nf ig - re g is te r, 6 0x2 142. - 59 -
C is c o 2 6 0 0 Cis c o 2600 rommo n 1>. rommon 1 > c onfreg 0x 2142 You must reset or pow er cycle for new config to take effect C is c o 2 5 0 0 Cis c o 2500 o., o / r. 250 1 6. System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFT WARE Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems 2500 processor w ith 14336 Kbytes of main memory Abort at 0x 1098FEC (PC) > o Configuration register = 0x2102 at last boot Bit# Configuration regist er option settings : 15 Diagnostic mode disabled 14 IP broadcasts do not have netw ork numbers 13 Boot default ROM softw are if netw ork boot fails 12-11 Console speed is 9600 baud 10 IP broadcasts w ith ones 08 Break disabled 07 OEM disabled 06 Ignore configuration disabled 03-00 Boot file is cisco2-2500 (or 'boot system ' command) > o/ r 0x 2142 P riv ile g e d. 2600 re s e t. 2500 I., sta rtup- c onfig. No, Ente r. Privile ge d e na b le. Privileged sta rtup- c o nfig running- c onfig. c o py s ta rtup- c o nf ig runn ing - c o nf ig c o py s ta rt run. RAM, Privileged.. e na ble se c ret - 60 -
,. c o nf ig t e na b le s e c re t to dd, c o nf ig - re g is te r. c o nf ig t c o nf ig - re g is te r 0 x2 10 2,. C is c o IOS Cis c o IOS TFTP.. TFTP. Cis c o IOS TFTP, TFTP IOS. Cis co IOS IOS. s ho w f la s h( s h f la s h). Router#s h flas h System flash dir ectory : File Length Name/ status 1 8121000 c2500- js- l.112-18.bin [8121064 bytes used, 8656152 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Router# c2500- js - l.112-18.bin.,. c 2500. j Ente rprise. s. l,. 11.2-18..bin Cis c o IOS., 16,384kb (16 MB)., 10 MB. IOS. C is c o IOS TFTP Cisc o IOS c o py f la s h tftp. - 61 -
TFTP IP. TFTP. ping.. Router#ping 192.168.0.120 T ype escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100- byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.0.120, timeout is 2 seconds :!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/ 5), r ound- trip min/ avg/ max = 4/ 4/ 8 ms N O T E ping (Pac ket Inte rnet Gro pe r). 7,. TFTP IP ping, IOS TFTP c o py flas h tftp.. Router#c opy flas h tftp System flash dir ectory : File Length Name/ status 1 8121000 c2500- js- l.112-18.bin [8121064 bytes used, 8656152 available, 16777216 total] Address or nam e of r emote host [255.255.255.255]? 192.168.0.120 Source file name? c 2500- js - l.112-18.bin Destination file name [c2500- js- l.112-18.bin]? (pres s enter) Verifying checksum for 'c2500- js- l.112-18.bin ' )file #1)...OK Copy '/ c2500- js- l.112-18' from Flash to server as '/ c2500- js- l.112-18'? [yes/ no]y!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [ ] Upload to server done Flash copy took 00:02:30 [hh :mm :ss] Router#, TFTP. TFTP IP.. N O T E co py flas h tftp. TFTP.. C is c o IOS Cis c o IOS IOS. c o py tftp f la s h TFTP. TFTP IP. TFTP. TFTP,. - 62 -
N O T E TFTP IOS, ( 09:00 IOS.) Co py tftp flas h, ROM IOS. Router#c opy tftp flas h **** NOT ICE **** Flash load helper v 1.0 T his pr ocess w ill accept the copy options and then terminate the curr ent syst em image to use the ROM based image for the copy. Routing functionality will not be available during that time. If you ar e logged in via telnet, this connection w ill terminate. User s w ith console access can see the results of the copy operation. - - - - ******** - - - - Proceed? [confirm](pres s enter). TFTP, System flash dir ectory : File Length Name/ status 1 8121000 / c2500- js - l.112-18 [8121064 bytes used, 8656152 available, 16777216 total] Address or nam e of r emote host [192.168.0.120]? (pres s enter). TFTP. Source file name? c 2500- js 56i- l.120-9.bin Destination file name [c2500- js56i- l.120-9.bin]? (pres s enter) Accessing file 'c2500- js56i- l.120-9.bin ' on 192.168.0.120... Loading c2500- js56i- l.120-9.bin from 192.168.0.120 (via Ethernet0):! [OK],. N O T E,.. c o py run s ta rt,. Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] (pres s enter) Flash contains files. Are you sure you w ant to erase? [confirm] (pres s enter) System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/ no]: y Building configuration... - 63 -
[OK] Copy 'c2500- js56i- l.120-9.bin ' from server as 'c2500- js56i- l.120-9.bin ' into Flash WIT H erase? [yes/ no] y ye s " ROM IOS.. TFTP. %SYS - 5- RELOAD: Reload r equested %FLH : c2500- js56i- l.120-9.bin from 192.168.0.120 to flash... System flash dir ectory : File Length Name/ status 1 8121000 / c2500- js - l.112-18 [8121064 bytes used, 8656152 available, 16777216 total] Accessing file 'c2500- js56i- l.120-9.bin ' on 192.168.0.120... Loading c2500- js56i- l.120-9.bin.from 192.168.0.120 (via Ethernet0):! [OK] Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Loading c2500- js56i- l.120-9.bin from 192.168.0.120 (via Ethernet0):!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [ ] e... (!) UDP [OK - 10935532/ 16777216 bytes] Verifying checksum... OK (0x2E3A ) Flash copy took 0:06:14 [hh :mm :ss] %FLH : Re- booting system after dow nload, IOS. N O T E Cis co TFTP. tftp- s e rve r s ys te m io s - na me. - 64 -
C is c o running- co nfig. running- c onfig c o py run s ta rt.., TFTP,. C is c o TFTP c o py runn ing - c o nf ig tftp c o py s ta rtup- c o nf ig tftp. DRAM NVRAM. DRAM s ho w. runn ing - c o nf ig ( s h run) Router#s h run Building configuration... Current configuration :! version 12.0 IOS 12.0. NVRAM. s ho w s ta rtup- c o nf ig ( s h s ta rt). Router#s h s tart Using 366 out of 32762 bytes! version 11.2. NVRAM 3kb 366byte. NVRAM 11.2. running- c onfig sta rtup- c onfig. running- co nfig c opy running- c onfig sta rtup- co nfig. NVRA M running- co nfig NVRAM. running- c onfig. IOS 12.0. IOS 11.2 c o py run s ta rt, 12.0. Router#c opy run s tart Destination filename [startup- config]? (pres s enter) W arning : Attempting to overw rite an NVRAM configuration - 65 -
previously written by a different version of the system image. Overw rite the previous NVRAM configuration?[confirm](pr ess enter ) Building configuration... [OK] s how sta rting- co nfig 12.0. Router#s h s tart Using 487 out of 32762 bytes! version 12.0 TFTP NVRAM c o py runn ing - c o nf ig tftp ( c o py run tftp) TFTP. Router#c opy run tftp Address or nam e of r emote host []? 192.168.0.120 Destination filename [router - confg]? todd1- c onfg!! 487 bytes copied in 12.236 secs (40 byt es/ sec) Router# (!!), UDP. to dd 1- c o nfg. - c o nfg. C is c o running- c o nfig sta rtup- c onfig c o py s ta rtup- c o nf ig runn ing - c o nf ig ( c o py s ta rt run). c o nf ig me m Cis co., running- c onfig NVRAM. TFTP, c o py tftp runn ing - c o nf ig ( c o py tftp run) c o py tftp s ta rtup- c o nf ig ( c o py tftp s ta rt). c o nf ig ne t. Router#c opy tftp run Address or nam e of r emote host []? 192.168.0.120 Source filename []? todd1- c onfg Destination filename [running- config]? (pres s enter) Accessing tftp:// 192.168.0.120/ todd1- confg... Loading t odd1- confg from 192.168.0.120 (via Ethernet0):!! [OK - 487/ 4096 bytes] 487 bytes copied in 5.400 secs (97 bytes/ sec) Router# 00:38:31: %SYS- 5- CONFIG: Configured from tftp:/ / 192.168.0.120/ todd1- confg Router# - 66 -