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2014 ๋…„๋„ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ๋„ํ•™ํšŒ์ถ˜๊ณ„ํ•™์ˆ ๋Œ€ํšŒ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ง‘ KSR2014S062 FTA ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์ฃผ์š”๊ณ ์žฅ๋ชจ๋“œ๋„์ถœ Failure Mode Analysis of Variable Gauge Bogie of Scale model by using Fail Tree Analysis ๋ฌธํ˜•์„ *, ์„œ์Šน์ผ **, ๋‚˜ํฌ์Šน * Hyung-Suk Mun *, Sung-Il Seo **, Hee-Sung Na * Abstract The variable gauge bogie System is designed to develop cargo system between Korea, Russia and European countries. It must be reliability functioned and predictable its operational system. In this paper, scale model of variable gauge bogie is built and analyzed operational failure mode based FTA(Failure Tree Analysis) method. Scale model of variable gauge bogie is make possible to predict failure patterns as well as functional problems with low research cost. The operational failure mode of variable gauge bogie is presented and defined to improve system maintenance reliability under railway maintenance guideline and design improvement. Keywords : Variable Gauge Bogie, Failure Tree Analysis, Scale Model, Physical Analysis, Functional Analysis ์ดˆ๋ก๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Š”ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์šด์†ก์„์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ฒ ๋„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ์šด์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜์šด์˜์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ณ ์žฅ์ ๊ฒ€์˜ํŒ๋‹จ์€๋งค์šฐ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์˜์ถ•์†Œํ˜•๋ชจํ˜•์„์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ทธ์ž‘๋™์„ฑ์„๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ์ด๋ฅผ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์—์„œ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ณ ์žฅ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ FTA ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ•์†Œ๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ˜•์€๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์˜๋ชจ๋“ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ ์‹ค์ œ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ณ ์žฅ์„์ ์€๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ฒŒํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๊ณ ์žฅ์œ ํ˜•๋ถ„์„์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ด์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ณ ์žฅ์„๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๊ณ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜์œ ํ˜•์„๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”ํ–ฅํ›„๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์˜ํ˜„์žฅ์šด์˜์‹œ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœํ™œ์šฉ๋ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ, FTA ํ•ด์„, ๋ชจํ˜•, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ถ„์„, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ๋ถ„์„ 1. ์„œ๋ก ์‹ค์ œํฌ๊ธฐ์˜์ œํ’ˆ์„์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ์‹œํ—˜์„์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์–ด๋ ค์šธ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ชจํ˜•์„ํ†ตํ•œ๊ณตํ•™์ ํ˜„์ƒ์„์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€๋งŽ์ด์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์ฎธ์ฟ ๋ฐ”๋Œ€ํ•™์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์ด ( ๅขƒๆœ‰็ด€ ) ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š”์‹คํ—˜์„ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ๊ณต์ง„๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ง€์ง„๋™์˜์ฃผ๊ธฐํŠน์„ฑ์—๊ด€ํ•œ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผํ”ผ๋ ฅํ•œ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‹ ์ €์ž : ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ๋„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ฑ…์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (hsmun@krri.re.kr) * ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ๋„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜์„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ** ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ๋„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ฑ…์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›

๋ชจํ˜•์„ํ†ตํ•œ๊ณตํ•™์˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”์ ์€๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๊ณตํ•™์ ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์„์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„์•Œ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜์ •๋„์—์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€์žˆ์„์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€์˜ˆ์ธก์ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ ์‹ค๋ฌผํฌ๊ธฐ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์‹คํ—˜์ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ์ค„์ผ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€์‹ค์ œํฌ๊ธฐ์˜์ž‘๋™์ด์–ด๋ ค์šด๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์˜๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ˜•์„์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ทธ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„์„์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ๋ณธ๋ก  2.1 ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ชจํ˜•์˜์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ชจ๋“œ์˜ˆ์ธก Fig. 1 Operational test of Scale model ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Š”ํ‘œ์ค€๊ถค์˜์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ๊ด‘๊ถค์˜์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ Roller Rig test๋กœ์ง์„ ๋ถ€์ž„๊ณ„์†๋„๋ฐ์ฃผํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜์„์ด๋ฏธ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ํ‘œ์ค€๊ถค์—์„œ๊ด‘๊ถค, ๋˜๋Š”๊ด‘๊ถค์—์„œํ‘œ์ค€๊ถค๋กœ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š”์‹œํ—˜์€์ฒ ๋„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์—์„œ๊ฑด์„ค์˜ˆ์ •์ธ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์—๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€์‹œํ—˜์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ์„ค์น˜ํ•œํ›„์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ• ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์—๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ์‚ฌ์ „์—๊ตฌ๋™ Scale ๋ชจํ˜•์„์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ทธ์ž‘๋™์„ฑ์„๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์„œ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜์šด์˜์‹œ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ณ ์žฅ์˜์œ ํ˜•์„์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ ํ˜„์žฅ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์šด์˜์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์ง€์นจ์„œ์ž‘์„ฑ์—ํ™œ์šฉํ• ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์˜ FTA๋Š”์Šน๊ฐ์˜์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ์ง๊ฒฐ๋œ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜์œ ํ˜•์„๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ƒ์œ„๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์—์„œ์˜์ค‘์š”ํ•œํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๊ทธ๋ชฉ์ ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. 2.2 ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ Scale ๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ˜•๊ฐœ๋…์„ค๊ณ„๋ฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ Scale ๋ชจํ˜•์€๊ถค๋„์ธํ”„๋ผ, ๊ตฌ๋™์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜• ( ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ ), ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ถค๋„์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ชจํ˜•์€ํ‘œ์ค€๊ถค์™€๊ด‘๊ถค์˜์กฐ๊ฑด์„ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜์ฐจ๋ฅœ๊ณผ๋„ํ˜ธํ™˜๋˜๋Š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ๊ถค๊ฐ„๋ณ€ํ˜•์ž‘๋™์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€์„์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ์œ ๋„ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ˜•์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ( ๋Œ€์ฐจ ) ์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์œค์ถ•์„๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ถค์™€๊ด‘๊ถค๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„์ž์ฒด๋™๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ์šดํ–‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ฒ ๋„ 3๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜์šดํ–‰์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šด์˜์ƒํ™ฉ์„๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๋…ธ์„ ์— LED Light๋กœํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ 4์ ˆ์˜ Physical Analysis, FTA(Failure Tree Analysis) ์—์„œ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์ƒ๋‹ค์†Œ์˜์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„๋ชฉ์ ์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š”์ œ์ž‘์—์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๊ณ  Physical Analysis, FTA์—์„œ๋Š”์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฐ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ฃผํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์—์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ๋‘๊ณ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

2.2.1 ๊ถค๋„์ธํ”„๋ผ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด (1) ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์˜์šดํ–‰์ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๋งˆ๋ชจ๊ฐ€์ ์€๊ธˆ์†์„ฑ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ๊ตฌ์„ฑ (2) ์ฒ ๋„๋Š”์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ตฌ๊ฐ„, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ดํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  (3) ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜๊ถค๊ฐ„์€์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ตฌ๊ฐ„, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ์น˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. (4) ๊ถค๊ฐ„์ด๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜์ฒ ๋กœ๋Š”์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜์ฃผํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ๋ณด์กฐ์„ ๋กœ์ œ์ž‘ Fig. 2 Top View of Variable Gauge Bogie Under the service condition 2.2.2 ๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ˜•์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด (1) ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ 2๊ฐœ์˜ Wheelset์„๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”๋Œ€์ฐจ (Bogie) ๋ฅผ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. (2) 1๊ฐœ์˜ Wheelset์€ 3๊ฐœ์ด์ƒ์˜๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ (3) ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์€์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜์Šคํ”„๋ง๋˜๋Š” Suspernsion element๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ (4) ์ž์ฒด์ ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ Passive system์œผ๋กœ๊ถค๊ฐ„์˜๋ณ€ํ˜•์„์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. (5) ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€์ „๊ธฐ์‹๋ชจํ„ฐ๋™๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ์›€์ง์ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 3 Detail drawing of Variable Gauge Bogie

2.3 ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด 2.3.1 ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ1 : ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์—์„œ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ž‘๋™, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ์ •์ง€ (1) ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์—๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Š”์œ ๋Ÿฝ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์ž‘๋™์ด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํŒจ๋„์—์„ค์น˜๋œ LED๋Š”๋ ˆ์ผ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„ค์น˜๋œ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ LED๋žจํ”„์˜์†๋„์™€๋น„์Šทํ•œ์†๋„๋กœ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. (2) LED ๋žจํ”„์นผ๋ผ๋Š”ํ•œ๊ตญ์€๋…น์ƒ‰, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š”์ ์ƒ‰, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€์ฒญ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ฐจ๊ฐ€์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด์ •์ง€์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ์ •์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. (3) ๋Œ€์ฐจ๊ฐ€๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ( ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ) ์„์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„ค์น˜๋œ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌํŒจ๋„์—์„ค์น˜๋œ 7์ธ์น˜๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ์—๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด์ž‘๋™๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 4 Control panel of Variable Gauge Bogie 2.3.2 ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ2 : ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ž‘๋™, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์—์„œ์ •์ง€ (1) ์ฒดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์—๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Š”๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์ž‘๋™์ด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํŒจ๋„์—์„ค์น˜๋œ LED๋Š”๋ ˆ์ผ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„ค์น˜๋œ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ, LED๋žจํ”„์˜์†๋„์™€๋น„์Šทํ•œ์†๋„๋กœ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. (2) LED ๋žจํ”„์นผ๋ผ๋Š”์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€์ฒญ์ƒ‰, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š”์ ์ƒ‰, ํ•œ๊ตญ์€๋…น์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ฐจ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์‚ฐ์—๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด์ •์ง€์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ์ •์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. (3) ๋Œ€์ฐจ๊ฐ€๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ( ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ) ์„์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„ค์น˜๋œ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌํŒจ๋„์—์„ค์น˜๋œ 7์ธ์น˜๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ์—๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด์ž‘๋™๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 5 Location of operational sensor of Variable Gauge Bogie

2.3.3 ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 3 : ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์—์„œ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ - ๋ชฝ๊ณ  - ์ค‘๊ตญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ž‘๋™, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์—์„œ์ •์ง€ (1) ์ฒดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์—๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Š”๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์ž‘๋™์ด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํŒจ๋„์—์„ค์น˜๋œ LED๋Š”๋ ˆ์ผ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„ค์น˜๋œ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ, LED๋žจํ”„์˜์†๋„์™€๋น„์Šทํ•œ์†๋„๋กœ์ค‘๊ตญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. (2) LED ๋žจํ”„์นผ๋ผ๋Š”ํ•œ๊ตญ์€๋…น์ƒ‰, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š”์ ์ƒ‰, ๋ชฝ๊ณ ๋Š”ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰, ์ค‘๊ตญ์€์ฒญ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ฐจ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์‚ฐ์—๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด์ •์ง€์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ์ •์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. (3) ๋Œ€์ฐจ๊ฐ€๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ( ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๋ชฝ๊ณ  ) ์„์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„ค์น˜๋œ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌํŒจ๋„์—์„ค์น˜๋œ 7์ธ์น˜๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ์—๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด์ž‘๋™๋œ๋‹ค. 2.4 ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๊ณ ์žฅ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ถ„์„ ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Š”๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ์ œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š”์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœํ˜„์žฌ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ์ฃผํ–‰์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์„์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ด๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜๋ฉด๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์ด์žˆ์„์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Š” Scale ๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ์‹ค์ œ์˜์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€๋Š”๋‹ค์†Œ์˜์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ๊ตฌ๋™ Scale ๋ชจํ˜•์˜๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ฒด๊ณ„๋„๋Š”์‹ค์ œ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ค‘์š”๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์‹ค์ œ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ฒด๊ณ„๋„์ž‘์„ฑ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์„ํ™œ์šฉํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ถค๋„์ธํ”„๋ผ์™€์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œ์ผœ์„œ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€๊ธฐ์กด์—์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ๊ฐ€์„ ๊ณผํŒํ† ๊ทธ๋ผํ”„์˜๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผํ• ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 2.4.1 Physical Analysis ์ฒ ๋„์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ธ‰์ „, ๊ถค๋„์ธํ”„๋ผ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ˜•์—ญ์‹œ๊ธฐ์กด์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—๊ทผ๊ฐ„์„๋‘๊ณ  Level 1์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 6 BOM level 1 of Variable Gauge Bogie

Level์™€ LRU์—ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” Fig.7๊ณผ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์œค์ถ•์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฐจ๋ฅœ๊ณผ์ฝ”์ผ์Šคํ”„๋ง, ์–‘๋‹จ์ง€์ง€์ถ•์œผ๋กœ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ง„์žฅ์น˜์˜์‹ค์ œ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€๊ฐ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜๋™๋ ฅ์„์ฐจ๋ฅœ์—์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ Scale ๋ชจํ˜•์€์ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„๋™๋ ฅ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฒจํŠธ๊ฐ€๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 7 BOM level 2 of Variable Gauge Bogie Fig. 8 Monitoring system of Variable Gauge Bogie

Fig. 9 Monitoring system of Variable Gauge Bogie ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ Physical Analysis๋Š”์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฒด๊ณ„์—๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 4๊ฐœ์˜ level๊ณผ 9๊ฐœ์˜ level 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๊ต์ฒด์˜์ตœ์†Œ๋‹จ์œ„์ธ 23๊ฐœ์˜ LRU(Line Replace Unit) ์œผ๋กœ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2.4.2 Functional Analysis ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์˜์ „์ฒด๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ž‘๋™์„ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š”์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ฒด๊ณ„๋„๋กœ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜์ฃผํ–‰๊ณผ์ œ์–ด๊ธ‰์ „๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 10 Functional Block Diagram of Variable Gauge Bogie

(1) ์ „์› (2) ํ„ฐ์น˜์Šค์œ„์น˜ (3) Controller (4) LED sensor (5) ์ฐจ๋ฅœ (6) ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ฝ”์ผ์Šคํ”„๋ง (7) ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ค‘๊ณต์ถ• (8) ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰ํƒ„์†Œ์ ‘์ง€ (9) ๋™๋ ฅ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฐธํŠธ (10) ๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ„ฐ (11) ๋ ˆ์ผ (12) ์ง„๋™์„ผ์„œ (13) ์ง„๋™๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ (14) LED light (15) ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ฒ ๋„๋…ธ์„ ๋„ Fig. 11 Scale Model of Variable Gauge Bogie 2.4.3 FTA(Failure Tree Analysis) ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์˜๊ณ ์žฅ์œ ํ˜•์˜๋ถ„์„๋ฐ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ FTA๋ฅผ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์ด์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‚˜ Table 1์˜๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋Š”๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„๋ณธ๋ถ€์˜ Fault Tree Analysis Application Guide[1] ๋ฅผ๋”ฐ๋ž๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” FTA ๋ถ„์„ Simbol๋Š” Table 1๊ณผ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜๋ฐœ์ƒ์—์„œ๋ฐœ์ƒํ›„์›์ธ์„๋ถ„์„์œ ์ถ”ํ•˜๋Š” Process๋ฅผ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 1 Symbol of FTA Top Event Transfer Fault Event AND Gate Input Event Ordered AND Gate Basic Event OR Gate Undeveloped Event FTA ๋ถ„์„์€๋Œ€์ฐจ๊ตฌ๋™์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ชจํ˜•์ „๊ณต์ •์ž‘๋™์ •์ง€์‹œ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๊ณ ์žฅ์˜์›์ธ์„๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์œ ์ถ”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€์ „์ฒด์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ, LED ํŒจ๋„์—์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ, control unit์—์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ฒด์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”๊ณ ์žฅ์˜์›์ธ์ด๋น„๊ต์ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด FTA ๋ถ„์„์ด์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Control unit ์ „์›์ด๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€์•Š๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” Hardware ๋˜๋Š” Programming์˜๊ณ ์žฅ์ด์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜๋ฉฐ LED์™€๊ด€๋ จ๋œ์ „์›์ด๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€์•Š๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” LED ๋ฐฐ์„ ๋ฐ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€์‹ค์ œ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์™€์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ์œ ์ถ”ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋Œ€์ฐจ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด์—†๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋Œ€์ฐจ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ์ž‘๋™์„์•ˆํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋Œ€์ฐจ์˜์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฐจ๋ฅœ๋ ˆ์ผ์ด์ƒ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํƒˆ์„ ์˜๋ชจ์Šต์„๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค. 13,14์™€๊ฐ™์ด๋Œ€์ฐจ์˜์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ฐ์ฐจ๋ฅœ๋ ˆ์ผ์ด์ƒ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์—์˜ํ•œ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€์‹ค์ œ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ๋Œ€ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์ธ๋ช…ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€์šฐ๋ ค๋˜๋Š”๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜์ œ์ž‘๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ์ •๋น„๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰์—๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 11 Results of variable Gauge Bogie (1) ๋Œ€์ฐจ๊ตฌ๋™์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ชจํ˜•์ „๊ณต์ •์ž‘๋™์•ˆํ•จ (2) LED ๋…ธ์„ ํŒจ๋„์ž‘๋™์ •์ง€ ( ์ „๊ธฐ, ์ „์ž์žฅ๋น„๊ณ ์žฅ ) (3) ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ๊ตฌ๋™๋Œ€์ฐจ์ž‘๋™์ •์ง€ (4) LED ๋…ธ์„ ํŒจ๋„์ „๊ธฐ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—†์Œ (5) Control unite ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰์—†์Œ (6) Hardware ๊ณ ์žฅ (7) Programming ๊ณ ์žฅ (8) LED ๋…ธ์„ ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰์—†์Œ (9) LED ๋…ธ์„ ๋ฐฐ์„ ์ด์ƒ (10) Adaptor ๊ณ ์žฅ (11) ๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ˜•๋Œ€์ฐจ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—†์Œ (12) ๋Œ€์ฐจ์ž‘๋™์ค‘์ง€ (13) ๋Œ€์ฐจ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ (14) ์ฐจ๋ฅœ๋ ˆ์ผ์ด์ƒ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ (15) ๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ„ฐํŒŒ์† (16) ๋™๋ ฅ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฒจํŠธ๋งˆ๋ชจ (17) ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ค‘์‹ฌ์ฝ”์ผ์Šคํ”„๋ง๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ƒ์‹ค

(18) ๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ„ฐ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ (19) ์ฐจ๋ฅœ Flage ๋ถ€์œ„ํŒŒ์† (20) ๋ ˆ์ผํŒŒ์† (21) ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ ˆ์ผํŒŒ์† (22) ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰ Cable ํŒŒ์† (23) ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์ ‘์ง€์ด๋ฌผ์งˆ 3. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  (1) ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ๊ฐœ๋…์„ค๊ณ„๋ฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์—๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ๊ตฌ๋™์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ชจํ˜•์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (2) ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์˜๊ตฌ๋™๋ชจํ˜•์—๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฃผ์š”์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์—๋”ฐ๋ผ Physical Anlaysis ๋ฅผ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ฒด๊ณ„๋„๋ฅผ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (3) ์ด๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ฒด๊ณ„๋„๋Š” LRU level ๊นŒ์ง€์™„์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ํ–ฅํ›„์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์‹œ๊ต์ฒด๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐ๊ฒฐ์ •์—ํ™œ์šฉ๋ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. (4) ์ „์ฒด๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ Functional ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ถ„์„์„ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ์ „์ฒด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜์ดํ•ด์—ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ FTA ๋ถ„์„์„์™„์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (5) ๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐฝ์˜ FTA ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”ํ–ฅํ›„์ œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด์šด์˜๋˜๋Š”ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜•๊ถค๊ฐ„๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋Œ€์ฐจ์˜์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์—ํ™œ์šฉ๋ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ [1] Reliability Analysis Center (1990) Fault Tree Analysis Application Guide, Rome Air Development Cent Griffiss AFB NY 13440-82000 [2] Bosso N, Gugliotta, Soma A (2000) Simulation of freight bogie with friction dampers, 5th ADAMS/Rail User s Conference Haarlem, The Netherlands, May 10th-11th ( ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ๋„ํ•™ํšŒ์ •๊ธฐํ•™์ˆ ๋Œ€ํšŒ Full Paper -Template ์ž‘์„ฑ์ผ : 2014.04.10)