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1 ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 2B Á œ pp. 193 ~ 199 ª ƒ w d w ƒ sƒ Methodology of Drought Assessment Using National Groundwater Monitoring Network Data «x Á½ Kwon, Hyung JoongÁKim, Seong Joon Abstract The objective of this study is to suggest methods for evaluating drought using groundwater level data of GIMS (National Groundwater Information Management and Service Center) and to check the applicability of the suggested methods in 2001 drought situation. It is necessary to identify threshold level of each drought classification for applying groundwater level data to evaluate drought. Two methods were suggested for identifying threshold level of each drought classification: Linear regression analysis between groundwater level data and MSWSI results, Probability analysis using multi-temporal groundwater level data. As results of two methods application, method had comparative high accuracy and could be applied in case of specific watersheds. Method could be applied in all watersheds even though there were low accuracies regionally. Keywords : GIMS, MSWSI, groundwater level, drought index GIMS(National Groundwater Information Management and Service Center) wš ƒ w d w w ƒ sƒw wš 2001 ƒ w y mw. ƒ t w y w» w ƒ w w v w w ƒ w : w» MSWSI mw ƒ w, w y mw ƒ w. ƒ w, w ƒ w, ƒ sƒ ƒ ù w š mw ƒ sƒƒ ƒ w. w : GIMS, MSWSI, w, ƒ t z» ƒ š y ƒ w vwƒ xy ù ƒ z w w ƒ w. ƒ w w ƒ y sƒwš dw ù ƒ p ww tƒ w. ¾ ù ƒ sƒw» w t ù ƒ p sƒ w t w ù ù» p š w w wš. ù ƒ sƒw» w š t t r» d w» w z Á w zy lœw ( kwonhj@hotmail.com) z Á Á w zy lœw ( kimsj@konkuk.ac.kr) 27ƒ 2B œ 193 ƒ sƒw PDSI(Palmer Drought Severity Index) (Palmer, 1965), w w š w ƒ sƒw SPI(Standardized Precipitation Index) (Mckee et al., 1993), t w w ƒ sƒw SWSI(Surface Water Supply Index)(Shafer and Dezman, 1982) ƒ w ù ù w ƒ sƒw ƒ y w š («, 2006;, 2003; 2002;, 1997; ½, 1995). w w ù w x w œ p ƒ wù ƒ ƒ sƒw» w ƒ. «(2006) w SWSI w w ƒ sƒ w w ƒw ƒ

2 sƒw ù w w ƒ sƒw» w wš d ƒ š wš. w w dw l w» w wš ƒ w w w. Ÿ w œ w ƒ w w w, s œ w w. «(2005) w sƒw» w w w w w mw 50» 1 4 m w œ ƒ w x k š w. w ƒ y j z ùküš š ù ù w w w š œ w e w ƒ ƒ sƒw t ƒeƒ. ƒ w l(national Groundwater Information Management and Service Center: GIMS) d wš w w ƒ sƒw ƒ wš w. ƒƒ 2001 ƒ w wš w w w ƒ sƒ y sƒwš w. 2.» 2.1 w w ƒ sƒ w. 17,537 km 2 4 «(,, w, Á ) 21 «sw. 19 w d ƒ e 1994, 1995, 2001 ƒ w w x w ( 1). 2.2 w w ƒ sƒ» w w ƒ sƒ ƒ ; w MSWSI (Modified SWSI) w ƒ w, w y mw ƒ w w w. MSWSI w w ƒ w MSWSI w x mw ƒ w w. ƒ w MSWSI ƒ w ƒƒ ƒ w w w w (t 1, t 2). MSWSI 1~ -1 k ùkü -1 ƒ ùkü MSWSI -1 w w w w š wƒ, mƒ, wƒ w w w ƒƒ,, w. MSWSI(«, 2006) ù w ƒ sƒ w» SWSI ƒ ù w SWSI w w. ƒ sƒw MSWSI w «w ƒ «, w, w, ww w. MSWSI Á ƒ w d w. MSWSI (1) tx. MSWSI», PN y, a, b, c, d ƒ ƒ (a+b+c+d=1), pcp (precipitation component), sf w (streamflow component), rs (dam inflow component), gw w (groundwater component). a PN pcp b PN sf c PN rs d PN gw 50 = (1) t 1. MSWSI ƒ MSWSI ƒ MSWSI ƒ 4 w -2~ -1 w ƒ 3~4 w -3~ -2 m ƒ 2~3 m -4~ -3 w ƒ 1~2 w -4 w w ƒ -1~1 k t 2. ƒ w w MSWSI ƒ MSWSI ƒ w ª Œª Œ

3 2. w d xy 4. ƒ s w» w. MSWSI w w ƒ w w d w w ƒ s ƒ w. swš w d w w tš œ š d w ƒ 5m l 400m¾ w swš. t ü w s w» w w» w t w yw v ƒ. w w t w yw» w 2 ƒ d sw w tš y ¾ w y l t w w. w w t w yw» w d w tš w w y ¾ l t w y ƒ w ( 3). y t w 0~20m s ùküš š w w s w. 4 w y mw ƒ ss. w y w ƒ w» w w ³ sy wš w y w. ³ s t ³ sy w (2) tx. f( x) 3. t w y ( d ) exp 2πσ 2 1 = ( x µ ) 2 2σ », x ( w ) š µ s³, σ 2 (2). 3. w w ƒ sƒ š 3.1 w MSWSI mw ƒ w w MSWSI w w MSWSI w mw MSWSI ƒ w w ƒ ƒ w w. w MSWSI w 5 x kùü x MSWSI ƒ w w w r ƒ w w» w x w w w x w w w ƒ w m, m, m, m, w m š, 3009 w t 3 w š, ƒ w w 2001 w 2001 ƒ w w ( 6). 5. w MSWSI (3009 ) 27ƒ 2B œ 195

4 t 3. w (3009 ) ( : m) w w w s³ m š m, m. w ƒ w w 12, 27, 33 š w 12, 27, 33, 35, w 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 27, 30, 33, 35, 36, ƒ w w 2001 ƒ w. w 3 l 9 ¾ w š w 1, 2, 10, 11, 12 wš wƒ ƒ w ƒ w ƒ k ª Œª Œ

5 w x w w 2001,, w k x w MSWSI ƒ w w x w q ƒ š (w œ, 2001) w 3 l 5 ¾ w w ƒ w š 6 w 6, 7 ƒ w ƒ 8 l 9 ¾ 2 ƒ w ùküš w ƒ w 3 l 9 ¾ 2001 ƒ y wš 3 l 9 ¾ w 26, 6 6 w w ƒ w wš ùkû ( 7). w MSWSI mw ƒ sƒ w w, MSWSI ƒ w w d w w w 2001 ƒ y w q. w w w w ƒ 21 3 (3009, 3011, 3101 ) ƒ w. w w» 7. w w ƒ (2001 ) w ƒ w w d w ƒ¾ w d / dw w d y ƒ v w. 3.2 w y mw ƒ 19 w d ƒ d w t w yw t w w ƒ w w. USGS( ) w (,, w, w ) ƒ t wš w w w (critical pumping level) l s (normal level)¾ 40% (Watch), 30% (Warning), 20% ¼ (Emergency) w ƒ w sƒ wš. w ³ sy w y wš, y 0.5 w w w e 0.5 s š 0.5 w s û w. 0.5 w w w w j wš ƒ zƒ q w 8. y w ƒ w ( d, 5 2 ) 27ƒ 2B œ 197

6 그림 금강유역의 가뭄단계별 분포도 9. 그림 10. 금강유역의 가뭄분포도 작성 그림 지하수위를 이용한 가뭄분포도와 11. 있다 지하수위를 가뭄의 지표로 사용하기 위해서는 가뭄 단 계에 해당하는 지하수위를 결정해야하며 의 가뭄단계., USGS 년 월 째주 (2001 MSWSI 5 2 결과와의 비교 ) 년 (2001 ) 를 이용하여 각 관측소별로 비초과확률의 를 준비단계 를 주의 을 경보 를 비상단계로 설정하였다 각 198 大韓土木學會論文集 , 0.3, 0.2,.

7 ƒ 19 d w 8 w. ƒ d / /ƒ w wš 19 d t ü ƒ s w ( 9). w 2001 t w s w ƒ ƒ w w w ƒ s w ( 10) ƒ sƒ w k sƒ w 6 ¾ ƒ w ƒ 6 w 6 ƒ w. w ƒ y w w s w mw. 11 r 6 y,, wš ùküš š 6,, œ ƒ w ùkùš. MSWSI 6 ƒ w ùküš, w w ƒ s,,, ƒ w. ù t ƒ w 1» q. y w ƒ w d w» w w ƒ s w, ù t w ƒ d w ƒ y w w w. 4. GIMS wš ƒ w d w w ƒ s wš ƒ sƒw t y w. ƒ sƒw» w,, w ƒ w e š w w ù w x w œ p ƒ ƒ sƒ ƒ w y ƒ. p, w ù wš y ƒ w y ƒ ƒ w l x ¾ GIMS e dw w d w ƒ sƒw ƒ wš y w. MSWSI w w w ƒ sƒƒ MSWSI ƒ w w w w ƒ t w, MSWSI w ƒ sƒƒ ƒ w MSWSI w ùkù ƒ sƒ ƒ. w d w ƒ ƒ w š w š w, w d ƒ sƒ ƒ ƒ w mw v w. ƒ ƒƒ ù 2001 ƒ w w ƒ s ƒw t w y y w. w w d ƒ 1995 l e /» 10 ü w w. z ƒ š 2001 ƒ ƒ ƒ t w y š. š x «x, x, y, ½ (2006) SWSI ƒ w sx w ƒ sƒ. w wz, w wz, 39«, 8y, pp «x, x, û, ½ (2005) x m p š w w sƒ. wm wz, wm wz, 25«, 1By, pp ½, Ÿ, (1995) w. w œwz, w œwz, 37«, 6y, pp ,, x, û(2002) ƒ sƒ w ƒ. w wz, w wz, 35«, 4y, pp û, x, (1997) Palmer w ƒ. w wz, w wz, 30«, 4y, pp ,, (2003) ƒ» l l. w wz, w wz, 36«, 3y, pp w œ (2001) 2001 ƒ š. McKee, T.B., Doesken, N.J., and Kleist, J. (1993) The relationship of drought frequency and duration of time scales, Proc. of 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, Jan., Aneheim, CA, pp Palmer, W.C. (1965) Meteorological drought, Research paper, No. 45, U.S. Weather Bureau Shafer, B.A. and Dezman, L.E. (1982), Development of surface water supply index to asses the severity of drought condition in snowpack runoff areas, Proc. of Western Snow Conf., pp ( : / : / : ) 27ƒ 2B œ 199