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1 w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 11«5y, 2009 Vol. 11, No. 5, pp (2009) w w k 1 Á 1 Á 1 Á «2 Á 3 Á ½ 1 1 w w, 2 œ w œw, 3 swœ w œw Usage Analysis and Design Development for Pilot Gloves Ji Eun Park 1, Eun Jin Jeon 1, Jeong Rim Jeong 1, Sei Kwon Park 2, Hee Cheon You 3 and Hee Eun Kim 1 1 Dept. of Clothing & Textiles, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Korea Air Force Academy, Chungwon, Dept. of Industrial & Management Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Abstract : This study was conducted to analyze the wearing condition on gloves for pilots and to suggest the developments for pilot gloves design. This survey was performed with 99 pilots and the questionnaires included items about discomfort, materials and problems when wearing pilot gloves. The respondents felt uncomfortable on the finger tip, the hollow area of the hand and the end of thumb when they move their hands with the gloves. They replied that the finger length, palm length, and circumference of the fingers did not match well. Also they complained there was severe abrasion in the tip of the thumb, finger tips and the middle of the palm of the gloves. The result of these analyses supports the following suggestions. It is necessary to improve durability by applying the additional materials to the severely worn parts. Punching on the glove materials could improve sweat rate and ventilation, and careful washing should be accompanied to prevent the occurrence of linters and transformation after laundering. And it is needed to prepare an accurate and more diversified size system and to design the gloves fitted to the individual hands. With these in mind, it is required to propose solutions for pilot gloves with reference to the survey results in order to design appropriate pilot gloves in terms of movement, size and material. It was concluded that an analysis of the wearing condition and developments are useful for ergonomics pilot gloves design. Keywords: pilot gloves, ergonomic design, wearing condition, developments, comfort 1. w w, w, t w š w ƒ w. w š y l yw w, k ƒ»» w w w, w,»» ñ w w w. w w w h œwš x xkƒ y w. x w w e,, w,,, š ü d v w. w p ww w e, w k ql, h ü d Corresponding author; Hee Eun Kim Tel , Fax hekim@knu.ac.kr n w w k. x š w œw w k w q wš w ƒ v w., Rosenbald-Willian(1987) j» x ƒ w w w e š š w, û, z(1999) ƒ»» w w ƒ w w š šw. w Muralidhar et al.(1999) x l yw,,, w w k š w. ql w x (, 2005), w w û d (,, 2004), w w w d DB w ( x, ½, 2004), xk p e w («, 2005), ü k e w ( x, ½, 2005) x e d w ƒ ù w wš w w k 764

2 비행장갑설계를 위한 사용실태분석 및 개선안 개발 조종사 신상특성 구분 항목 남 성별 여 20대 30대 연령 40대 50대 이상 1000시간미만 1000시간대 2000시간대 3000시간대 비행시간 4000시간대 5000시간대 6000시간이상 765 Table 1. N % 사나 개선에 대한 연구는 보고되지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 조종사를 대상으로 비행장갑의 사용실태 를 조사하여 문제점을 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 쾌적하고 편안 하며 활동성을 부여한 인간공학적 비행장갑을 개발하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 2. 연구 방법 조사대상 비행장갑의 사용실태를 파악하기 위해 육군 헬기조종사 남 자93명, 여자6명, 총99명을 대상으로 경기도 소재의 부대에서 설문조사를 실시하였고, 조사기간은 2006년 12월로 조종사들에 게 설문지를 배포하여 응답된 99부를 분석자료로 사용하였다. 조사에 참여한 조종사들의 신상 특성은 Table 1과 같다 설문지 구성 본 연구는 비행장갑의 사용실태를 파악하기 위하여 설문지 법을 사용하였으며 설문문항은 Fig. 1의 예와 같이 a 착용 시 불편한 점에 관한 문항, b 세탁관리에 관한 문항, c 개선요구 사항에 관한 문항의 3영역으로 구성되었다. 설문내용은 관련 기존 연구들(류현숙 외, 2004; Muralidhar et al., 1999)를 참 조하고 군 관계자, 의복 전문가 및 인간공학 전문가들의 의견 을 수집하여 개발하였다. 비행장갑 착용 시의 불편한 점에 관한 문항에는 착용 시 손 의 움직임이 불편한 부위, 치수가 맞지 않는 부위, 마모가 심 한 부위, 소재에 관련된 사항이 있으며 부위에 대한 설문응답 은 Fig. 1의 a와 같이 제시된 도식 상에 표시하도록 하였고, 중복표시가 가능하였다. 또한 소재에 관련된 문항은 보온성, 땀 흡수성, 통기성, 보푸라기발생, 세탁 후 변형, 촉감, 정전기발생, 미끄럼 등에 대해 5점 Likert 척도(1점: 전혀 그렇지 않다~ 5점: 매우 그렇다)를 사용하여 평가하도록 하였다 Fig. 1. 비행장갑 사용실태 조사 설문지 예 비행장갑 세탁관리에 관한 문항은 조종사들이 현재 착용하 고 있는 비행장갑의 세탁여부, 세탁방법, 세탁주기에 관한 것으 로 세탁여부에 대해서는 세탁함, 세탁안함, 기타 의 해당란 에, 세탁을 할 경우 세탁방법에 대해서는 드라이크리닝, 물 세탁 의 해당란에 표기하도록 하였고, 세탁주기에 대해서는 몇 개월에 한번씩 세탁을 하는지에 대해 기록하도록 하였다. 비행장갑의 개선요구사항에 관한 문항은 본인이 평상시 착 용하는 비행장갑에 대해 개선요구 되어야 할 사항을 자유롭게 기술하도록 하였다. 비행장갑의 재료 특성 및 형태 한국군이 사용하고 있는 비행장갑의 설계 특성을 파악하기 위해 재료 특성 및 형태관련 국방 규격을 조사하였다. 비행장 갑의 소재는 Table 2에 제시된 국방규격(국방 공)에 따라 손등 부위는 400 C에도 불에 타지 않는 불연성 소재인 아라미드(Aramid)원단 노멕스(Nomex)가 사용되었고, 손바닥 부 위는 방염처리 되지 않은 일반 양피가 사용되었다. 비행장갑의 형태는 Fig. 2와 같이 장갑의 엄지손가락은 손목 입구까지 이음선이 없이 하나로 연결되어 있고, 손목부위는 고 무 셔링(shirring)처리로 조임이 형성되어 있고, 손가락 옆면부 위인 크로치(crotch)부위는 일자형의 패턴을 사용하고 있다 o 자료분석방법 본 연구에서는 Excel을 이용하여 빈도, 평균, 백분율의 기술 통계치를 얻어 비행장갑 착용시 불편사항, 세탁관리, 개선요구 사항에 대한 결과를 분석하였다. 2.4.

3 766 한국의류산업학회지 제11권 제5호, 2009년 비행장갑 재료 특성에 관한 국방규격 (국방 공) Table 2. 특성 두께 (mm) 인장절단하중 (kg) 신장률 (%) 재료명 PH 함지량 (%) 강연도 (mm) 건 마찰(급) 습 인열 하중 (kg) 조직 중량 (g/m ) 파열 강도 (kg) 경사방향 밀도 (본/5 cm) 위사방향 2 노멕스 100이상 6~8 Tricot 편직 310 이상 120 이상 55 이상 50 이상 양피 0.9(±0.15) 10이상 50~90 4~8 11~25 20이하 3~ 이상 부위, 마모가 심한 부위에 대해 Fig. 1의 예와 같이 장갑도식 상에 표시한 응답 결과를 문항별로 정리하여 Fig. 3에 빈도수 로 나타내었다. 상대적으로 많은 조종사들이 장갑의 손가락 끝 부위(23~31명)와 엄지와 검지 사이의 손아귀부위(20~30명)에서 움직임의 불편을 느끼는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 많은 조종사 들이 장갑의 손가락 길이(57명), 손바닥 길이(24명), 손가락 둘 레(20명)가 손 크기에 맞지 않는 것으로 보고하였다. 마지막으 로, 마모가 심한 장갑 부위로는 손가락 끝부위(27~56명)와 손 바닥 중간부위(33명)가 파악되었다. 비행장갑 착용시 소재에 관련된 불편사항에 관한 응답결과 는 Table 3에 나타내었다. 만족도에 대해 전혀 그렇지 않다~ 매우 그렇다 의 5점 Likert 척도로 응답한 결과를 백분율과 척 도 평균으로 표시하였으며, 척도 평균점수가 작을수록 불만족 도가 큰 것이고, 점수가 클수록 만족도가 큰 것임을 알 수 있 다. 표에 나타낸 회색음영은 빈도수가 큰 상위 두 영역을 표시 한 것이다. 보온성(2.5), 땀 흡수성(2.7), 통기성(2.6)에 관해서는 만족하지 못하다는 응답이 많이 나타나 장갑 소재 결정시 고려 해야 할 요소로 생각되며, 보푸라기의 발생(2.3)과 세탁 후 변 형(2.1)문항에서도 불만족도가 크게 나타나 개선이 필요한 것 으로 파악되었다 비행장갑 세탁관리 Fig. 2. 비행장갑 도식화 연구 결과 사용실태 평가분석 비행장갑 착용 시 불편사항 비행장갑 착용 시 움직임이 불편한 부위, 치수가 맞지 않는 Fig. 3. 비행장갑 착용시 불편한 부위에 대한 응답 빈도수 비행장갑의 세탁관리에 관한 결과는 Fig. 4에 나타내었다. 세 탁여부에 관한 문항에서는 99명 중 세탁한다 는 62%로 나타 났고, 세탁 안 한다 는 예상외로 38%로 나타났는데, 이는 장 갑의 양피소재 특성상 세탁이 어려운 점이 있기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 세탁한다 로 응답한 62%의 응답자를 대상으로 한 장갑 세탁방법에 관한 문항에서 물세탁을 하는 응답자수가 95%로 높게 나타난 것은 조종사들이 세탁에 관한 전문지식이 없기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 세탁주기에 관한 문항에 대해서는 1개월 미만이 13%로 나 타나 비행장갑을 매일 착용하는 상황임에도 불구하고 자주 세 탁하지 않는 것은, 세탁 후에 장갑의 손상이 발생될 수 있다는 염려와 손바닥부분에 사용된 양피소재에 대한 세탁의 두려움 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 비행장갑 설계시 소재의 특성

4 w w k 767 Table 3. w r w ( : %) ù ƒ m» t»ƒ ù w x k z»ƒ w ñ 1 x m s ³ š w k ƒ v w q w w w x s w w w» mw w Fig. 5 w. ƒ 6 ùkù w y(17), ƒ (11), w» (11), t» (10), ó (7), k z xá w (7), m» (6) q x w w w k rw w w, k w w, w q w xk, e,, w Table 4 w. xk w rw ƒ ó» ƒ ql ƒ ó»¾ x q, ƒ ó w ù yw w v w. e w e ƒ ƒ ƒ ¼, ¼, ƒ e yw v w. w ƒ w w» w»» ƒ ƒ ó v w v w ( x, 2004).» ƒ f ù k w t»ƒ w š(½, 1994), ƒ w k x w. y j ù ƒ k k mw t», k z x, ƒ y g w. k ƒ w üš k z»ƒ ƒ j wš, k w k w kw z j w v ƒ. w» w Ìù w w w. w» t š, w yw w j»ƒ w ƒ š, w ƒeƒ w w w šw wš, yw v w. 4. m w rw w rw ùkù ó, ƒ ó, ü»» w ƒ ó»» wš š x w (Torrens & Newman, 2000; Bata et al., 1994). Fig. 4. w k w

5 768 w wz 11«5y, 2009 Fig. 5. w w» w ƒ ó e w ù y k v ƒ e x k š w ql ƒ. e ƒ ùkù ƒ ¼, ¼, ƒ w e e y š w š ƒ. ù Rosenbald-Willin(1987) e w ¼, w wš, 2004 g d w ƒ ¼, ƒ, w. e ƒ mw ¼, w ƒ ¼, ¼, ƒ y w. ƒ ¼ (57%)ƒ e ƒ w, ƒ ¼ ¼ ù ƒ e ql w ùkù. w w» w x w «(2005) Anthrotech (½, 2004) xk v w ¼,, ƒ ¼, ¼, ƒ wš w û e w e w v ƒ. w e w w v w, e k» w tƒ w ƒ. w w 20~50 w d s ƒw e ù, ̃ f š ƒ»ƒ x, ½ (2004) w e y e k ƒ w w. x w ql ƒ ƒ crotchƒ w e w mx ƒ ó w fit w. ƒ ó š w ƒ ó xk crotchql w fit v w. ƒ ó ƒ w, ƒ ó»q p, p Table 4. w w xk e p z ƒ x (2004), ƒ w ƒ v w. r w w j» w w» w w w v ƒ. x w v w v š y ky ƒ w w» m» w, ³ ³ w 0.9±0.15 mmü ƒ ƒ w ù w ü re w m» v w. 0.5 mm re y Áœ»n x Table 5 y re ü, œ» Table 5. re v y m»n x xw re v re v y ƒ Á ƒ ó Á y Á,, š Á ƒ ó Á ( )w e Á ƒ Á ¼ e y y Á w» Á w» ( Ì, ) t» Á y Á, k Á ƒ ó, Áƒ k z k z x Áü k ƒ, ƒ y Á ƒ (n z ) Áƒ m» Áƒ w (re) Á ƒ Á, y Á w (s) 7 13 (s) ky (cm) w (s) 4 6 (s) ky (cm) œ»n (cm 2 /cm 2 /min) y : KS K 0585: 2005, œ»n : KS K 0570: 2006

6 w w k 769 n re w 27 ùkù m» x w ƒw w e ùkû. w k w t» k z x w ƒ ùkû t» w ƒ f ù k w w ü r Õ ù w w. k z x v w ƒ w k ƒ v w, ƒ k x j w w kz w.» k w w w x» w w k w» w». w r w,, w w k, w ƒ š, w sƒw, z, w w ql v w. w m w sƒ mw w w w m w Á Á Áe Á d ww w œw sƒ w z ƒ w. 5. w w k w š ww q wš w. w k w y j š,,, fit w mw w k œw w w y»k». w w x wš w rw w w rw ƒ ó, ùkûš, e ƒ ƒ ¼, ¼, ƒ ƒ ùkû, ƒ w ƒ ó, ùkû. w w,, m», t», k z x w w w w w ùkû. k w. rw w» w ƒ ó e j ù y jš, e ql wš, d w ƒ ƒ w w. e ƒ w» w e w e ƒ k s w. ƒ w ƒ ó ùkû ü»» ƒ ó wš, p z ƒ»., ƒ w ƒ w v w. ù w ƒ w k. w» v w Ì w š w v w. w x w ƒ ƒ t w ƒ ƒ ƒ ü ¾ en g ƒœw ƒ w w. ù š w z. m», t», k z x w w» w w j» ü r e, y, k v w. w k w w k w yw, e, w h w k œw w w. š x «,,»,. (2005). xk p e w. wz, 55(6), ½, z, y,»w. (1994). w w œ v x e w(1). w œwz, 31(3), ½. (2004). e ³ w p. y w w.,. (2004). w w û d. ywz, 12(6), x, x, ½. (2004). v k» w w. wƒ wz, 42(6), û, z. (1999). w œ n» r w. w œwz, 25(1), (2005). ql w x. wƒ w z, 43(8), x, ½. (2004). w w w 2 d DB w. w wz, 28(3/4), x, ½. (2005). ü k e

7 770 w wz 11«5y, 2009 w. wz, 55(2), Bata, S., Bronema, L. A., Wang, M. J., & Bishu. R. R. (1994). Glove attributes: can they predict performance. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 14(3), Muralidhar, A., Bishu, R. R., & Hallbeck, M. S. (1999). The development and evaluation of an ergonomic glove. Applied Ergonomics, 30(6), Rosenbald-Wallian, E. (1987). An anthropometric study as the basis for sizing anatomically designed mittens. Applied Ergonomics, 18(4), Torrens, G. E., & Newman, A. (2000). The evaluation of gloved and ungloved hands. Contemporary Ergonomic, 1(12), y

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