, 66~67dB»e 55dB š 12dBù û»e(65db) w 70~71dB ñ. ù ü»» 35dB(ü), 45dB() r. w» w 1938 œk ³Ø w, 1960 Ø, 1968 ³Ø w. w 1972 ³Ø w w ³ ƒwš, ù y Ø w ³w

Transcription

1 ª Œª Œ 26ƒ 1D Á œ pp. 1~11 ª qp md w An Analysis of the Traffic Noise Measurement Plans of Apartment Complexes A Case on the North Riverside Expressway in Seoul Á Kang, Jun MoÁLee, Sung Kyung Abstract This study conducts a theoretical research on road traffic noise. Also, the domestic road noise forecast models were compared each other and analyzed with advanced countries' models to indicate the application possibility and problems. For the establishment of a general formula, we compared the forecasted value with the actual value applied in the formula proposed by the National Environment Institute, and examined the necessary improvement of the domestic road traffic noise forecast model. Also, a regression model was built to examine the relationship between traffic factors and noise. The traffic volume and speed are the main traffic factors used in this formula to affect the noise. From the results, it was found that the speed had a closer relationship with the noise rather than the traffic volume. Therefore, to decrease road noise, it is more important to control traffic speed. The spatial effect of road traffic noise within the apartment complexes was used in the case study to derive locationspecific adjustment values. We surveyed the road traffic noise of three apartment complexes, and found that the road traffic noise within each complex was affected at plane level as well as at three-dimensionally. In other words, as the distance from the sound origin grows farther, noise level decreases. Also, it was found that noise increases as heigt goes up, but drops when the height goes beyond a certain level, and that the effect of noise decreases if there are obstacles along the path of the noise direction. Therefore, apartment site design should be done with consideration of the effects of noise in the future. Keywords : traffic noise, environment, apartment complex w m w r. š ü d Áw d xy w. w y w w de de w ü m d r. w w mw šw» w, w mw j w ƒ z mw ƒ mw w ƒ.» w mw š w ³ƒ wš. e w m ü œ e w wš w. qp m dw Áw m ü sá w eš yw., ƒ j»ƒ š, e j» ƒwƒ j» š, w w. ü e w w šw œ qw w w. w : m, y, qp l w¾ 4»e w w ùkû. ƒ»¾ 4 ü 75 y dw ùkù. d, ww»eƒ 45dB() 47dB(99,2000) 49dB(2001, 2002 ) y. p,, œ 4»e j. záyw œw œw ( junmo@hongik.ac.kr) yw w z ( sunny977@msn.com) 26ƒ 1D œ 1

2 , 66~67dB»e 55dB š 12dBù û»e(65db) w 70~71dB ñ. ù ü»» 35dB(ü), 45dB() r. w» w 1938 œk ³Ø w, 1960 Ø, 1968 ³Ø w. w 1972 ³Ø w w ³ ƒwš, ù y Ø w ³w» w. š 1990 Á ³Ø w w wš. p, y w m w w m dx w ƒ wš ( üx, 2001;, 2002). ù md w w y wsƒù z»(y, 2001). š m,, m w ƒ ³ew w s,, sk, p,,, y, m mp, e, s,, ƒ k p,,,»p, t k tp w m d Áƒw dx w (Blunden, 1994;, 2002, 2003; y, 2000;, 2001). x, m dx x, ww, š y w (w œwz, 1995, 1999). x Johnson & Saunders wwz d, š ù y, ww w 1 q, š ù y, ww w 1 q,, FWHA. š y s, s š š. ù ù x¾ ƒ w. ü d w š sƒ d wš w, mw xd l sƒ w l Áw» w wš w. ùƒ k z m w ü œ d w, y ey z š y šw m z z m w hw ww. 2. md w š 2.1 w (Unwanted Sound)Ø 2 ew, Á³Ø2 w»,»,,»k w w w wš. w, w q» sƒ yw w (½, 2001). w w wš., œw xƒ. w, ƒ š, w k š, w m š ƒw š, w š, zz xw. w z y -w w w yw txw 1 1). 2.2 m p ww l w q m(road Traffic Noise) w mœw ƒ wù. w m mw» y ƒ ƒ. ù y w v ƒ w m»w œw» vw» w vw p. m w z q ƒ j ù m, y,»,, p, k w w ƒ. m x ƒ ƒ w» sƒƒ p š» w. m dw šw ƒw. j w š m. d, m,, q š. m ƒ w 1 š ³ew w p ƒ, p m k., m š w(stationary)w m m y m» w ql m w, m w Peake ww s³ ƒ mƒ ƒw m w p ƒš šd œk d w zx w û ù, šd ƒ ƒw x 1) Jeffrey D. Fisher, Paul A. Bell, Andrew Baum (1978). Environmental Psychology ª Œª Œ

3 : Jeffrey D. Fisher, Paul A. Bell, Andrew Baum(1978), Environmental Psychology 1. w ƒ ƒ d w w š (, 2003). 2.3 m d w ( y ; üx, 2001) i) 10mü( ) N 1 L = 45 + log P l L eq ó 10Álog(10 Lp/ LB/10 ) [db(a)] N 1 : x m(/hr) N 2 : x m(/hr) l:ƒw ¾ m 10 m (m) V 1 : x s³ƒ(km/hr) V 2 : x s³ƒ(km/hr) ii) 10m( ) L eq ó 8.55Álog(Q V/l) log r a +C [db(a)] Q : 1 ƒ m(/hr) = x(/hr) + [10 x (/hr)] V :s³(km/hr) 30log N 2 L = 53 + log B l 30log V V l :ƒw ¾ +» 10m¾ (m) r a : (» 10m w 10m d¾ ) C : 15,000 < Q, C = ,000 < Q 15,000, C = -4 5,000 < Q 10,000, C = ,000 < Q 5,000, C = -1 Q 2,000, C = 0 d skwš ƒ x qp d š, šƒ š šƒ û ew, (šƒ, ), mœ(m, m) šw w, w y e w s³ w d (, 1996; šw, 1994) a. 1) : (sk, m, m, šƒ) ƒ w 2) m: L Aeq d pw w., L Aeq L 50 w m 500/ 3) w: 60km/h~120km/h 4) d: s 80m, 12m¾ 5)»: t p xw» ƒ k b. 1) Unit pattern 1 ƒ ww, d w Ap y(unit pattern) w. w wš, ƒƒ d w q 26ƒ 1D œ 3

4 w. ƒ d w q»wy w zz, tz qww w q wš, A p ƒe ƒw w (A),»w ww x w Ap w (B) 2. Unit pattern, w q y w xd, 1985 z w l m w w w z rp w. 2) L Aeq Unit pattern e w, w ü mw N( m) wš, d s³w w ƒ L Aeq w. + () 10 L Aeq = 10log 10 (1/T 0 ) 10 LA t dt + 10log 10 N - 10log (1) T 0 = 1s (» 1) Unit pattern w q y w w LA () t T LA () t 10 = T1 T1, T2 : (s) ÿt : (s) ÿt (2) 3) L 50 L Aeq w L 50 w. L 50 =L Aeq + f(l/d) (3) f(l/d) : L Aeq L 50 yw y l : d¾ (m) d : s³ (m) (FHWA) ww w t ww w FHWA š NCHRP 78/117/114/174 TSC-MOD FHWA ( ). p m,,, e, t k, s(,, ) w w d wš, m 3(, x p, xp) ù. 2 4 i w 9w 4.5ton w xp w, xp 2 6 i w y 4.5ton 12ton š, xp 3 12ton w. L eq L 10 ww m ƒ(l eq ) L 10 w. m w 4 0(m), xp 0.7(m), xp 2.4(m) xy w. w, w š w 2¼ 3dB wš 4.5dB w. I ---- = λ 10 L 0 L0 10 ( D 0 D) r ε 10», L 0 : D 0 D : ¾ λ :, λ =N/(X2 X1) = Q/V; Q : m/ V : (km/ ) ε : w r : l w D 0 : =(P 2 ref)/ρc w, üá d d w m w e,, m,, p ƒ mw d l w. p, 1l q šw d w pw. y d skw š ƒ ƒ x (šƒ,, m, m) šw w, w y e w ƒ s³. 3. w x 2 dx x 1 x 2 r D 3.1 ( 2) ( ~ ) 10œ(A~J) w. d m l»ƒ mw mw dw œ. d y ww» d w. (1) de de Á mw y d rš, p w mw j w ƒ z mw qw. 3.2 de de d y w ƒš de w. t 1 deƒ de w û, y w eù š m w k. ª Œª Œ

5 N 1 L = 45 + log P l 30log N 2 L = 53 + log B l L eq 10 30log V V ( ) log 10 ( Lp) LB 10 + [db(a)] t 1. d de de d d mw de de A 00:00~00: A' 08:00~08: B 00:00~00: B' 08:00~08: C 00:00~00: C' 08:00~08: D 00:00~00: D' 08:00~08: E 00:00~00: E' 08:00~08: F 00:00~00: F' 08:00~08: G 00:00~00: G' 08:00~08: H 00:00~00: H' 08:00~08: I 00:00~00: I' 08:00~08: J 00:00~00: J' 08:00~08: z d de de Á d mw š x 2. d t 3. ty ty 26ƒ 1D œ 5 ƒ vw. w,» š mw w ƒ r» w de mw š s³ ƒš z w. mw s³ w» w z. t 2 r, mw s³ Pearson mw w, s³ m ƒ., d w mw s ³ƒ w ƒ š. z R x š w, y F % m w ùkû. Pearson y (w) N t 2. mw s³ mw s³ mw s³ mw s³ t 3 z» ty, w e s³ƒ.829 mw.659 s³ƒ. œ m r, ƒ œ ƒ. y B w 95% œ m t B t k ww w œ w VIF 1 () mw 3.040E s³ a :

6 4. e w 4.1 ( 3) w Lqp, Mqp š Sqp w, 3 qp œm ƒš. Lqp 14~25d, 2d vp pw e w «y w, w w l p. e qp p. Mq p x 5d qp w x ûw x e kwš, ƒ ew 1~2d ƒ wš x ƒ d œqp qp šdqp, w qp. Sqp 16~18d. Lqp w w «ù, ü pw ƒ w qp w qp ww. 3. e(lqp, Mqp, Sqp) 4.2 ü d d l ¾ 1 Lqp Mqp w dw, l ¾ Sqp Lqp w 2 dw(t 4 ) d»»» CR:812A Cirrus Type 2 Ÿ(Broad band)». CR:812A» ƒ(leq) 5 d e w, 1 252,000 1 ƒ. z Ap, p fast dw. 6 1 d 2 d t 4. d d e d Lqp 1d :00~12:00 23:00~24:00 Lqp d :00~15:00 22:00~23:00 Mqp 1d :00~21:00 - Mqp d :00~21:00 - Lqp 1d :00~17:00 23:00~24:00 Lqp d :00~21:00 22:00~23:00 Mqp 1d :00~18:00 22:00~24:00 Mqp d :00~18:00 22:00~24:00 Mqp 1d :00~24:00 Mqp d :00~24:00 Sqp 1d :00~14:00 23:00~24:00 Sqp d :00~17:00 22:00~23:00 Sqp 1d :00~16:00 23:00~24:00 Sqp d :00~20:00 22:00~23:00 Lqp d :00~20:00 22:00~24: d m d w v» 5 ü w 1,2 4z, 2z dw. d w yw w ƒ wš w d w w w. Lqp ( 4), qp 1d d (1~18) d(5, 10, 15, 20, 25d) d(l1~l9) w, l w m dw. e, qp ƒ¾ e w k. qp ƒ ƒ¾ p. d d ü ww l y ƒ dw. w 1 d qp zw d L1~L9 w dw wš L2, L5, L7 dwš, 2 d ù L1, L3, L4, L6, L8, L9 dw ƒ ù. Mqp ( 5), qp 1d d (1~28) d(3, 5d) d(h1~h28) w, l w m dw. e š, œ. w qp qp, 20m k. d d ƒ zw d ƒ w. w œ ü» ww ƒ dw. ª Œª Œ

7 Sqp ( 6) qp 1d d (1~17) d(16~18d) w, l w m dw. e š, qp ƒ¾. w qp ww qp xk d d dw. m w e 2ƒ mw m l» ƒ dw wš, x w de ƒƒ s³ (t 5 ). 4.3 d L qp ü d d l : A( l 30m e): 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15 t 5. mw, de (08:00~08:05) (00:00~00:05) mw 1209() 497() 71.9(km/h) 56.5(km/h) de 87.5dB(A) 59.3dB(A) B( l 80m e): 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 C( l 130m e): 9, 13, 17 D( l 180m e): 10, 14, 18 1d ƒ Á w. l ƒ w z. w( 7, 8 ). A( l 30m e): L1, L2, L3, L4 6. Sqp d 4. Lqp d 7. Lqp d ( ) 5. Mqp d 8. Lqp d ( ) 26ƒ 1D œ 7

8 B( l 80m e): L5, L6 C( l 130m e): L7, L8 D( l 180m e): L9 5d ƒ ƒw w. pw 1d 5~10dB(A) j d. 1 w j»ƒ 5d e w w. w( 9, 10 ). wr, 10 d, 15d, 20d, 25d ƒ ƒ w(abcd) wš, 25d wš dš w ùkþ. w. Lqp d w, ƒ û ùkþ. 1d ƒ ƒ û 5d~20d¾ w j» ùkþš, 25 d 2dB(A) û ùkþ. w 20d ¾ w e 25d š. w mw ƒ û w ùkþš, 1d (7, 11, 15) d (L3, L4) ƒ 1d(1, 3, 5) d(l1, L2) 2dB(A) d, ƒ w ü ƒ» ƒ j»ƒ ƒw Mqp ü dw d l : A( l 30m e): 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25 B( l 90m e): 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26 C( l 180m e): 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27 D( l 2400m e): 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 1d ƒ ƒw (AB CD) w. w ùkþ. w, Dd ƒ 3~5dB(A), x ù mw». Lqp w, Lqp w 1d ƒ û ùš w, Mqp 9. Lqp d ( ) 11. Mqp d ( ) 10. Lqp d ( ) Mqp d ( ) ª Œª Œ

9 e d w d. ƒ qp ew»., ƒ z wš š ( 11, 12). 3d ƒ ƒw(ab CD) w. 3d d D w j. w ƒ¾ d Á ƒ, d Á ƒ j ( 13, 14 ). wr, 5d ƒ ƒw wš, d D ƒ w ùkû. Mqp d w, ƒ û. pw ƒ ƒ dd ƒ ƒ¾ d j. w w.» dw wwš dw, p w» w e». d w w w j š. ü ƒ û. 1d ƒ ƒ û 3d, 5d. w j, ƒ ùkû. p, ƒ ûƒ ƒ¾ ƒw, ƒ¾ û. d (6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24) r w û d Sqpü dw d l : A( l 30m e): 1, 4, 8, 11, 15 B( l 70m e): 2, 5, 9, 12, 16 C( l 110m e): 3, 6, 10, 13, 17 D( l 150m e): 7, 14 1d ƒ ƒw(ab CD) w. w( 15, 16 ). A( l 30m e): S1, S2 B( l 80m e): S3, S4 13. Mqp d ( ) 15. Sqp d ( ) 14. Mqp d ( ) 16. Sqp d ( ) 26ƒ 1D œ 9

10 C( l 130m e): S5, S6 16d ƒ ƒw(ab C) w. 1d w 10dB(A) d. Lqp Mqp ƒ e ƒ j. w( 17, 18 ). Sqp r, ƒ û. 1d 16d s³ 10dB(A) ƒ ù. Sqp p L qp Mqp š. w dw 1d w ùkû. l ƒ ƒà» zƒ. w w, m e dw l ƒ ƒ j w ƒš qw., ƒ. ƒ û ùkþš, w w ƒ. Mqp d qw. pw d w 17. Sqp d ( ) 18. Sqp d ( ) 10. m mw w q. mw x š, mw w ƒ ƒw w ùkü. w, Lqp e qp ƒ w j z w š, Mqp 30m w Lqp ƒ 2dB(A) û. Sqp š, Lqp ƒ qpƒ w z û. w ù y» š y» ( (06:00~22:00): 65dB(A), (22:00~06:00): 55dB(A)) w wš ùkû. 5. w m w r. š ü d Áw d xy wš, w y w w de d e w ü m d r. w w mw šw» w, w mw j w ƒ z mw ƒ mw w ƒ.» w mw š w ³ƒ wš. e w m qpü œ e w wš w. w s ew w Lqp Mqp š S qp œ w. qp m dw Áw m ü sá w eš yw., ƒ j»ƒ š, e j» ƒwƒ j» š, w w. ü e w œ qw w y ey z š y š w m z z m w. w md w ƒ kw de de Áw» yw» w w w ƒ vw. w w mw w z e ª Œª Œ

11 mw ƒw, wì šw ƒ vw. w dw wš ƒw.» ww d w, ƒ w w w dw ƒw. p ƒ¾ d w w j yw. yw w w y ³w vw yw w w. šx m(2001) œk d» š 463y. šw (1994) m d. ½ 5(2001) Á. 1(2002) mœw. (2003) m. Blunden 3(1994) m z. y(2000) mœw, y. (1996) m d w w., 2002(2003) m. (2001) y ey œ w m, m 31«. üx 2(2001) y wsƒ md w, y wsƒ 10«. (2002) GIS w md œ, w, œw. w œwz(1995) Ár. w œwz(1997) m. w œwz(1999) m q d». y (2001) Áy Á» z(2002~2010). FHWA (1978) NCHRP 78/117/114/174. JeffreyS D. FU, Paul A. Bell, and AndrewS BU (1978) Environmental Psychology. National Resoruces Planning Board (1941) Land Classification in the United States. Washington : Ted States Government Printing Office p. 3. (: /: /: ) 26ƒ 1D œ 11