5 강. 수동태 능동적 : 시키지않아도 ( 스스로 ) 알아서행동하는것수동적 : 자율적이지못하고누군가에의해 ( 시킴 ) 을당하는것수동태 : 누군가의행동을받아서움직여지는모습을나타냄 : be 동사 + 과거분사 : 주어가 ~ 에의해 ~ 이되다. 능동태 수동태 덕배 drew the picture. This picture was drawn by 덕배. He loves her. She is loved by him. 주어서술어목적어주어 be+ 과거분사 by+ 행위자 - 덕배 drew the picture. ( 덕배는그그림을그렸다.) - He loves her. ( 그는그녀를사랑한다.) - This picture was drawn by 덕배. ( 이그림은덕배에의해그려졌다.) - She is loved by him. ( 그녀는그에의해사랑받는다.) 수동태를만들때에는주어의인칭과수, 동사의시제에유의한다. - They opened the door. The door was opened by them. 다음문장을수동태문장으로전환하여쓰세요. (1) I wash my car every Sunday. My car is washed by me every Sunday. (2) I draw many drawings at school. Many drawings are drawn by me at school. (3) Chefs find good restaurants. Good restaurants are found by Chefs. (4) A salesman shows many cellphones. Many cellphones are shown by a salesman. (5) An expert discovers many problems. Many problems are discovered by an expert. (6) A lot of students trust teachers. Teachers are trusted by a lot of students. (7) A tour guide introduces well-known places. Well-known places are introduced by a tour guide. (8) An author creates many characters. Many characters are created by an author. - 1 -
8 강. to 부정사의부사적용법 부정사 : 아니부, 정할정 정해지지않은품사라는뜻 to 부정사 : to + 동사원형 ( 동사의시제나주어의인칭과상관없이항상동사원형 ) : to 부정사는동사를부사, 형용사, 명사의역할을하게한다. to 부정사의부사적용법 목적 ~ 하기위해서결과그래서 ~ 하다감정의원인 ~ 해서판단의근거 ~ 하다니 I woke up early to do exercise. I go to the bookstore to buy a dictionary. He grew up to be a basketball player. I m sorry to lose the soccer game. They must be hungry to eat a lot of food. 주어진단어를배열하여문장을완성하고우리말로해석하세요. (1) plant tress, to protect, we environment 영문장 We plant trees to protect environment. 우리말 우리는환경을보호하기위해나무를심었다. (2) I m, to hear, surprised, the news 영문장 I m surprised to hear the news. 우리말 나는그뉴스를듣고놀랐다. (3) I m, your test score, to see, disappointed 영문장 I m disappointed to see your test score. 우리말 나는너의시험점수를보고실망했다. (4) must be, she, to say so, rude 영문장 She must be rude to say so. 우리말 그렇게말하다니그녀는무례함에틀림없다. (5) kind, must be, you, to do that 영문장 You must be kind to do that. 우리말 그렇게행동하다니너는정말친절함에틀림없다. (6) she, to be, lived, ninety 영문장 She lived to be ninety. 우리말 그녀는 90 세까지살았다. (7) I, to be, grew up, teacher 영문장 I grew up to be teacher. 우리말 나는자라서선생님이되었다. - 2 -
9 강. to 부정사의형용사적용법 형용사 : 명사를앞에서 ( ) 하는단어 - I am a healthy man. - They have many books. to 부정사의형용사적용법 : ~ 할, ~ 하는, ~ 해야할 명사를뒤에서수식한다. - They have many books to read. 그들은읽을책을많이가지고있다. - I need a pencil to sketch with. 나는스케치할연필이필요하다. - We have a report to finish. 우리는끝내야할보고서를가지고있다. - Give me something to drink. 제게마실것좀주세요. 주어진단어를배열하여문장을완성하고우리말로해석하세요. (1) to provide, I, water, prepared 영문장 I prepared water to provide. 우리말 나는제공할물을준비했다. (2) to help me, anyone, is, there 영문장 Is there anyone to help me? 우리말 저를도와줄누군가가있나요? (3) to give, you, something, me, have 영문장 You have something to give me. 우리말 너는나에게줄무언가를가지고있다. (4) a house, to sell, I, have 영문장 I have a house to sell. 우리말 나는팔집이있다. (5) makes a plan, to have, He, a party 영문장 He makes a plan to have a party. 우리말 그는파티를열계획을세웠다. - 3 -
10 강. to 부정사의명사적용법 to 부정사의명사적용법 : ~ 하기, ~ 하는것동사 to 부정사의명사적용법 ~ 하다 ~ 하기, ~ 하는것 draw ( 그리다 ) to draw ( 그리기, 그리는것 ) 명사의역할을하는 to 부정사는주어, 보어, 목적어의자리에올수있다. 주어 보어 목적어 To draw a picture is my hobby. 그림그리는것은나의취미입니다. To play marbles is interesting. 구슬치기를하는것은재미있다. My hobby is to draw a picture. 제취미는그림그리기입니다. His wish is to be a doctor. 그의희망은의사가되는것이다. I like to draw a picture. 저는그림그리는것을좋아합니다. I want to go home. 나는집에가기를원한다. 주어진단어를배열하여문장을완성하고우리말로해석하세요. (1) a goal, is, important, to set 영문장 To set a goal is important. 우리말 목표를세우는것은중요하다. (2) to move, difficult, a heavy box, is 영문장 To move a heavy box is difficult. 우리말 무거운상자를옮기는것은어렵다. (3) (4) my shoes, to design, interesting, is good, is, for health to exercise, everyday 영문장 To design my shoes is interesting. 우리말 내신발을디자인하는것은재미있다. 영문장 To exercise everyday is good for health. 우리말 매일운동하는것은건강에좋다. - 4 -
14 강. 주어역할을하는동명사 동명사 : 동사원형 + ( ing ) : ~ 하기, ~ 하는것 동사 vs. 명사 동사를명사처럼쓰려고형태를바꾼것 놀다 play 놀기, 노는것 먹다 eat 먹기, 먹는것 주다 give 주기, 주는것 + ing 듣다 hear 듣기, 듣는것 노래하다 sing 노래하기, 노래하는것 날다 flying 날기, 나는것 동명사는주어, 목적어, 보어의역할을할수있다. 주어 - Reading is fun. - Exercising is important. - Dancing is hard. - Learning English is interesting. 목적어 - I love skiing. - I forgot locking the door. 보어 - My hobby is traveling. - His dream is becoming a teacher. 다음문장에서틀린부분을고쳐쓰세요. (1) Sweep floors is boring. ( 바닥을쓰는것은지겹다.) Sweeping floors is boring. (2) Singing a song are fun. ( 노래하는것은재미있다.) Singing a song is fun. (3) Baked cookies is difficult. ( 쿠키를만드는것은어렵다.) Baking cookies is difficult (4) Write the letter is not difficult. ( 편지를쓰는것은어렵지않다.) Writing the letter is not difficult. - 5 -
15 강. 목적어역할을하는동명사 동명사 : 동사원형 + ( ing ) : ~ 하기, ~ 하는것동명사는주어, 목적어, 보어의역할을할수있다. - I like sleeping. 목적어 ( 자는것을 ) - She finished cleaning her room. 목적어 ( 치우는것을 ) 동명사와 to 부정사는쓰임이유사하다. - He started learning Chinese. - He started to learn Chinese. 하지만동명사와 to 부정사가목적어역할을할때동명사만을목적어로취하는동사와 to 부정사만을목적어로취하는동사가있음에주의! to 부정사만을목적어로취하는동사 동명사만을목적어로취하는동사 동명사와 to 부정사를모두목적어로취하는동사 - I want to wash. - I enjoy playing the Jang-gu. - He began walking. - He began to walk. 괄호안의동사를알맞은형태로쓰세요. (1) I finished doing my homework. (do) (2) I enjoy talking with her. (talk) (3) I avoid trying foreign foods. (try) (4) I want to have a party. (have) (5) I like playing/to play soccer. (play) (6) I decide to go to England. (go) (7) He stopped smoking 2 years ago. (smoke) (8) She loves cooking/to cook so much. (cook) - 6 -
23 강. ask + 목적어 + to 부정사 He asked me to close the door. 위문장에서동사 ask의의미는무엇인가요? 묻다 ( ) 요청하다 ( ) ask + 목적어 + ( to 부정사 ) = ~ 에게 ~ 하라고 ( 요청 ) 하다 - I asked him to come to my birthday party. to 부정사의의마상주어는목적어이다. 목적어에게 to 부정사하라고 ~ 하다 ask 목적어 to 부정사 + + 요청하다 ~ 가 ~ 하라고 의미상주어 ( 의미상 ) 서술어 목적어다음에 to 부정사를취하여행동을유도하는동사 동사 want tell advise expect allow order + 목적어 + to 부정사 의미 - I want you to do your best in the game. - He advised us to study hard at school. to 부정사의부정은 to 부정사에앞에 not을위치시킨다. 서술어 + 목적어 + not + to 부정사 - My dad told me not to play computer games. 괄호안에주어진표현중알맞은것을골라동그라미하세요. (1) He told me ( forgive / to forgive ) them. (2) They allowed him ( go out / to go out ). (3) She advised the man ( find / to find ) a new job. (4) The lion forced them ( run / to run ). (5) I asked him ( come / to come ) in. (6) I wanted him ( sing / to sing). (7) She persuaded me ( take / to take ) the medicine. - 7 -
35 강. 조건을나타내는접속사 if 조건을나타내는접속사 if : ( ~ 라면 ) 이라는의미의접속사, 조건의 ( 부사절 ) 을이끌때사용조건이란? : 아직정해지지않은것, 현재나미래에실현가능성이있는일 - If you are not using it, turn the light out. - Turn the light out, if you are not using it. if절은주절의앞이나뒤에올수있다. 조건을나타내는부사절 : 미래의일을나타내더라도 ( 현재시제 ) 를사용한다. : 조건을나타내는 if 절에는 will이나 will not을사용하지않는다. - If it rains tomorrow, we will not go on a picnic. ( ) - If it will rain tomorrow, we will not go on a picnic. (X) - If you are tired, we will go home. - If you study hard, you will pass the exam. - If she goes to America, I will feel so lonely. 조건을나타내는또다른접속사 : when (~ 하면 ) 조건의접속사 when 확실한일을나타낼때 When you arrive home, please call me. 집에도착할것이라는확실한일을나타냄 조건의접속사 if 일어날확률이반반인확실하지않은일을나타낼때 If you go shopping, please buy me a shirts. 쇼핑을갈지안갈지확실하지않은일을나타냄 우리말에맞게알맞은접속사를넣어문장을쓰세요. (1) 네가길에서이상한것을본다면, 경찰에신고해라. (something strange, call) If you see something strange on the street, call the police. (2) 네가건강을유지하기를원한다면, 운동을해야한다. (stay healthy, have to) If you want to stay healthy, you have to exercise. (3) 답을안다면, 손을들어라. If you know the answer, raise your hand. - 8 -