한수지 47(6), 84-846, 214 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6),84-846,214 사육수의 암모니아 농도가 돌돔(Oplegnathus fasciatus)의 성장과 혈액성분에 미치는 영향 박성덕ㆍ김병기 1 ㆍ전중균* 강릉원주대학교 해양생물공학과, 1 강원도립대학 해양생명과학과 Effect of Ammonia Concentration in Rearing Water on Growth and Blood Components of the Parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus Seongdeok Park, Pyong Kih Kim 1 and Joong-Kyun Jeon* Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 21-72, Korea 1 Department of Marine Bio-Science, Gangwon Provincial College, Gangneung 21-84, Korea This study investigated growth and hematological changes in parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus (~2 g/fish) reared under different total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations (, 4, or 8 mg/l) for 6 weeks. Survival rates of parrotfish in all experimental groups did not significantly differ, as they were all ~1%. Although specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain, and daily feed intake in the high TAN concentration group () were significantly lower than in the other two groups, there was no significant difference between the group and the control group, (TAN), indicating that parrotfish have a strong resistance to ammonia toxicity. As for temporal changes of the major blood components, cortisol increased as a result of stress caused by the high ammonia concentration in the group. For this reason, the concentrations of energy sources such as glucose and total cholesterol were reduced. However, there was little difference among all experimental groups in concentrations of liver function glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and nutrient factors, such as total protein and albumin. Key words: Oplegnathus fasciatus, Parrotfish, Total ammonia nitrogen, Growth, Blood chemistry 서 론 (TAN, total ammonia nitrogen) (Colt and Armstrong, 1981; Foss et al., 24), (Park, 2). (Randall and Wright, 1987; Paust et al., 211),,,, (Meade, 198; Russo and Thurston, 1991), (Lang et al., 1987), (McKenzie et al., 1993) (Ip et al., 21)., 2 (Kim, 211), (Kang et al., 1998; Oh et al., 26),.,, (Suh et al., 21), (Kim, 211). (Van Rijn, 1996). http://dx.doi.org/1.67/kfas.214.84 Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6) 84-846, December 214 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3./)which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 28 November 214; Revised 8 December 214; Accepted 8 December 214 *Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 33. 64. 2412 Fax: +82. 33. 64. 29 E-mail address: jkjeon@gwnu.ac.kr Copyright 214 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 84 pissn:374-8111, eissn:2287-881
암모니아 농도에 따른 돌돔의 성장 841,, TAN. TAN TAN. 사육시스템 및 수질 재료 및 방법 Park et al. (213) ( 4, L) 3,, (DO, dissolved oxygen), ph (9:, 17:) 3 (YSI 6MPS, USA), TAN (HACH DR 4U, USA) 1. (NH 3, UIA) Johansson and Wedborg (198), Table 1. 실험 어류 및 암모니아 주입 2 g. (1. m 1. m 1. m) 1 ( 33 kg/m 3 ) 3, 6 (, 43..6%, 11.8.1%) 2 (9:, 17:). (DO) (OXUS Aqua-7L, Korea) 8%, OxyGuard (OxyGuard A/S, Birkerød, Denmark). TAN 7% 8 mg/l, mg/l ( ), 4 mg/l () 8 mg/l () 3. 1 L NH 4 Cl ( 1%, 2%), (AX1-32-PFC-HWS-K, Korea) sump 9 ml/min. 2:, sump. 7 L/min, 2.2. 성장 및 혈액성분 조사 TAN, 2, 4 6, 1 ( ) 4. 3 (3, rpm, 1 min) (serum). (cortisol) Jeon et al. (2), (total protein), (albumin), (glucose), (total cholesterol), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) Cobas Integra 8 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, USA). 통계처리 mean S.D., SPSS ver. 1. ANOVA, P<. Duncan s multiple range test. 결 과 TAN 농도에 따른 돌돔의 성장 TAN Table 2. TAN (P>.). 2 g 6, 24.4 1.6, 242.4 6.7 238..3 g (P<.). (P<.), (P<.), Table 1. Water environment for the experiment Water temp. ( ) Dissolved oxygen (DO; mg/l) Salinity(psu) ph Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN; mg/l) Un-ionized ammonia (UIA; mg/l) 22.17±2.34 7.7±.4 32.37±.61 8.9±.61.8±.6.4±.3 22.12±2.28 7.26±.22 32.38±.61 7.92±.18 3.61±1..129±.4 22.7±2.1 7.39±.31 32.44±.64 7.82±.19 8.7±2.8.231±.81 TAN, total ammonia nitrogen;, TAN concentration of 4 mg/l;, TAN concentration of 8 mg/l.
842 박성덕ㆍ김병기ㆍ전중균 (P>.). TAN 노출에 따른 돌돔의 주요 혈액성분 변화 Fig. 1.,.6 g/dl, 2 1.8 g/dl 2. g/dl, 4 6. 2 1.2 g/dl, 4, 6 1.2-1. g/dl. 1. g/dl 2.8 g/dl,. 4.9 g/dl, 6 1.1 g/dl (.9 g/dl) (P<.).. 42-43 mg/dl, Table 2. Growth performance of parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus reared with 3 different total ammonia nitrogen TAN concentrations for 6 weeks Initial mean weight (g) TAN concentrations 4 23.8±3.7 22.4±1.6 2.7±2.8 Survival (%) 1 99.7±.6 1 Mean weight gain (g/fish) 41.6±2.1 a 4.2±.9 ab 32.86±2.4 b Weight gain (%) 1 2.41±1.4 a 19.77±2.36 ab 1.97±1.2 b Specific growth rate (%/day) 2.3±.3 a.±.1 a.46±.6 b Daily feed intake (%/day) 3 2.1±.2 a 2.27±.4 b 2.27±.3 b Values in each row with the different superscripts are significantly different (P<.). 1 1 (final mean weight initial mean weight)/initial mean weight. 2 (loge final weight - loge initial weight) 1/days. 3 Feed intake (day matter) 1/[(initial fish weight+final fish weight+dead fish weight) days fed/2]. 4 Total ammonia nitrogen concentration of 4 mg/l. Total ammonia nitrogen concentration of 8 mg/l. 23-36 mg/dl, 1-32 mg/dl. 4, 6. GPT 2.2 IU/L 2 2.2-3. IU/L, 4 6, (P>.). GOT 6 () (P<.). 고 찰 (Park, 2), (FFI, 1996). (Son et al., 2) TAN (Kim, 211). TAN. (Chin et al., 1998), (Forster and Glodstein, 1969).,,,,,, (Russo, 198; Jeney et al., 1992), (Thurston et al., 1981; Wajsbrot et al., 1991). 8%. (TAN) (NH 3, UIA) (NH 4+ ) (Bower and Bidwell, 1978),. UIA.13.23 mg/l (Table 1 ),, (Foss et al., 29).. 2 g 6,,,
암모니아 농도에 따른 돌돔의 성장 843 Cortisol (μg/dl) 2 1 1 Albumin (g/dl) 2. 1. 1.. Total protein (g/dl) 1. 2 1 Glucose (mg/dl) 1 1 Total cholesterol (mg/dl) 1 8 2 6 1 GOT (IU/L) 4 GPT (IU/L) 1 2 2 4 6 2 4 6 Time (weeks) Time (Weeks) Fig. 1. Fluctuations of some serum components of parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus according to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations., TAN concentration of 4 mg/l;, TAN concentration of 8 mg/l ( 1 P<.). GOT, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase.
844 Glucose (P<.), 6 (P<.)., 4 Paust et al. (211) 2 g Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippiglossus) UIA.6,.12.17 mg/l 1,.6 2 mg/l,.12 mg/l 6 7,.17 mg/l 1. (Fig. 2) Time (weeks) 2.4-.46%/day, 6,., (Fig. 2).,, UIA.12 mg/l dover sole (Solea solea), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) (Alderson, 1979), spotted wolfish (Anarhichas minor) (Foss et al., 23), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (Foss et al., 24), European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (Lemarié et al., 24), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) (Wajsbrot et al., 1993), Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) (Pinto et al., 27)., GOT (IU/L) 8 Total choles 박성덕ㆍ김병기ㆍ전중균 1., 1 (Selye, 1973),, (Avella et al., 1991) (Schreck, 1981; Waring et al., 1992). Time (Weeks) 11 g/dl 2 g/dl, Biswas et al. (28).,.,,, (Lang et al., 1987)., Remen et al. (28) (.11-.12 UIA mg/l) juvenile Atalnatic cod (Gadus morhua),., (),,. 2 4 6 2 4 6 GPT (IU/L) 2 사 사 Specific growth rate (%/day).6.4.2. 2 4 6 Time (weeks) Fig. 2. Fluctuations of specific growth rate of parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus according to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations., TAN concentration of 4 mg/l;, TAN concentration of 8 mg/l ( 1 P<.).,. References Alderson R. 1979. The effect of ammonia on the growth of juvenile Dover sole, Solea solea (L.) and turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.). Aquaculture 17, 291-39. Avella M, Schreck CB and Prunet P. 1991. Plasma prolactin and cortisol concentrations of stressed coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in freshwater. Gen Comp Endocrinol 81, 21-27. Biswas AK, Seoka M, Ueno K, Yong ASK, Biswas BK, Kim YS, Takii K and Kumai H. 28. Growth performance and physiological responses in striped knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus, held under different photoperiods. Aquaculture 279, 42-46. http://dx.doi. org/1.116/j.aquaculture.28.4.7. Bower CE and Bidwell JP. 1978. Ionization of ammonia in seawater effects of temperature, ph and salinity. J Fish Res Bd
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