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FAST FAST Free Assistant of Structural Tests 1 2 1 1,2 {g936727, g936339, g936704}@oz.nthu.edu.tw jschang@cs.nthu.edu.tw 1 2 論年來理領裡異漏讀量論路句讀行句句句了 FAST (Free Assessment of Structural Test) FAST 來句 FAST 數力 Key Words Computer Assisted Language Learning CALL 1950 年年來 Computer Assisted Item Generation CAIG 領量力度度力 adaptive testing 度不漏讀 Non-native speaker NNS 利 Larsen-Freeman 1997 form meaning use 句力力讀力力力兩不念力量度句了不易句來易力理度度若句不不類

力不數了力句力若利率量 multiple-choice test 句立 context-independent 句念 stem 念 distractor 例 1 例 1 Reading is to the mind exercise is to the body. (A) so (B) that (C) as (D) what 理句來不了來句例利路 Wikipedia 路不句句領 reduced clause 句易了見易句句例 2 2 There are six subspecies of the fox, each unique to the island it inhabits, its evolutionary history. (A) to reflect (B) and reflect (C) reflecting (D) that reflect reflect 不 to reflect and reflect reflecting 利句例 3 不例 2 3 CLAUSE, * ADJ *, X/VBG *. CAUSE, * ADJ *, *. (A) (A) X/INFINITIVE (B) and X (C) X/VBG (D) that X 了句不句行句不連例 4 句 it 不 4 It is the smallest fox species in the United States.

The Island Fox is a small fox that is native to six of the eight Channel Islands of California. It is the smallest fox species in the United States. There are six subspecies of the fox, each unique to the island it inhabits, reflecting its evolutionary history. Introduced diseases or parasites can decimate Island Fox populations. Because Island Foxes are isolated they have no immunity to parasites and diseases brought in from the mainland and are especially vulnerable to those domestic dogs may carry. A canine distemper outbreak in 1998 killed approximately 90% of Santa Catalina Island's fox population. In addition, Golden Eagle predation and human activities decimated fox numbers on several of the Channel Islands in the 1990s. Four Island Fox subspecies were federally protected as an endangered species in 2004, and efforts to rebuild fox populations and restore the ecosystems of the Channel Islands are being undertaken. 不 2005 年 7 10 island fox 來 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/island_fox 了量 Test of English as a Foreign Language TOEFL 參句句了行了 FAST Free Assessment of Structural Test 來落路 Web as corpus 念路利理立 Wikipedia 2,000 2,000 FAST 路念力度來 FAST FAST 來論 Warschauer (1996) 30 年來狀年參 Wichmann, Fligelstone, McEnery Knowles 1997 21 論利料 Wilson (1997) 利料來練練例句 startled startling Milton 1998 WordPilot WordPilot 老數易 WordPilot 例 5 練 5 Title: Sulfur and Nitrogen Emission Trends for the U.S. Introduction INTRODUCT ( ) the substance metabolized by industrial activities, fossil fuels are most significant, both in quantity and by the variety of chemical that are mobilized. Industrial consumers take fuels as inputs a WordPilot

WordPilot WordPilot 數不 (i) WordPilot 料例 5 WordPilot 不句度不度 (ii) WordPilot 亂數不 useless distractor 易度 item facility 度 item discrimination (iii) 不 15 2 降 Mitkov Ha 2003 利理句 WordNet 立讀 Mitkov Ha 利理論度度劉麟 2004 理 selectional preference collocation 念漏 Liu, Wang, Gao Huang 2005 Sumita, Sugaya, Yamamoto 2005 Item Response Theory IRT 來力路力不略理句度數量了 FAST 了 FAST 度年來 1998 年 ~ 2002 年料 http://acezh.com 數 FAST 料 1279 497 39% 例 6 782 61% 例 7 FAST 6 Most doctors of the Colonial period believed was caused by an imbalance of humors in

the body. (A) in disease (B) that disease (C) of disease (D) about disease 7 During the Harlem Resaissance the 1920's, much African American (A) writers, artists, and musicians came to Harlem in New York City, (B) creating a cultural center there. (C) (D) 不立類 learned genre 例例 6 例 7 不理利類句來例 Wikipedia 度度 7 34 FAST 理略路句句 FAST 流句 3.1 路 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.1 句類不來念了若來類亂不理更了參了 Pamela J. Sharpe How to Prepare for the TOEFL 理類類句

類句說句 Sharpe 類 Tagger 便類略句類力了句句句類句類例來說例 8 句例 9 句 have come hv vbn have to bring to vb 句不來句兩不念句理 (surface pattern) 類類論句類不句說句念 8 I have come to bring you good news. 9 ppps hv vbn to vb ppps jj nn 3.2 路來 Wikipedia 羅更 Today's featured article 來 Today's featured article 連見連連連連見連連連便連連連連連連句句行句來句句 For other definitions of fantasy, see fantasy (psychology). 連連理句理料句 Wikipedia 句 1373 句 Wikipedia 料

3.3 Wikipedia 了句料來來句 3.4 理不不易不不說不例 I have come to bring you good news. 句 have 易便例 10 不例 11 例 10 I to bring you good news. (A) have came (B) come (C) have coming (D) have come 11 I have come you good news. (A) at bring (B) to brought (C) to bring (D) for bring FAST FAST 連 http://140.114.75.15/fastwebsite/webform1.aspx 易列類例

易度度行略度了路了 497 92% FAST 了 1171 更 25% 來念了 FAST Wikipedia 來句裡 71% 略論來 FAST 論來句句來 FAST 略立來若更略度不不更略省省力 FAST 離 offline 立度更料更來 FAST 易度更來更不老兩易度論理 FAST 說裡 FAST 行來易行量行類來說 FAST 練來說 FAST 省

參 1. Brown, James Dean. (1997). Computers in Language Testing: Present Research and Some Future Directions. Language Learning & Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 44-59. http://polyglot.cal.msu.edu/llt/vol1num1/brown/default.html 2. Coniam, David. (1997) A Preliminary Inquiry Into Using Corpus Word Frequency Data in the Automatic Generation of English Cloze Tests. CALICO Journal, No 2-4, pp. 15-33. 3. Deane, K. Sheehan, Automatic item generation via frame semantics, Education Testing Service (2003): http://www.ets.org/research/dload/ncme03-deane.pdf 4. Dunkel, P. (Ed.). (1991). Computer-assisted language learning and testing: Research issues and practice. New York, NY: Newbury House. 5. Gao, Zhao-Ming. (2000) AWETS: An Automatic Web-Based English Testing System. In Proceedings of the 8 th Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction ICCE/ICCAI, 2000, Vol. 1, pp. 28-634. 6. Jun, Da. (2000) Online Language Testing System. http://www.bio.utexas.edu/jun/call/interactive/onlinetest.html 7. Larsen-Freeman, Diane. Grammar and its teaching: challenging the myths. (1997) 8. Liu, Chao-Lin, Wang, Chun-Hung, Gao, Zhao-Ming, and Huang, Shang-Ming. Applications of Lexical Information for Algorithmically Composing Multiple-Choice Cloze Items, In Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Building Educational Applications Using NLP, pp. 1-8, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 2005. 9. McCormack, Colin, and Jones, David. (1998). Building a Web-Based Education System. John Wiley. 10. Milton J. (1998) WORDPILOT: enabling learners to navigate lexical universes. In S. Granger & J. Hung (eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer Learner Corpora, Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Teaching. 14-16 December 1998. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 97-98. 11. Ruslan Mitkov, Le An Ha, Computer-Aided Generation of Multiple-Choice Tests. (2003) 12. A. Oranje, Automatic item generation applied to the national assessment of educational progress: Exploring a multilevel structural equation model for categorized variables, Education Testing Service (2003): http://www.ets.org/research/dload/ncme03-andreas.pdf 13. Roever, Carsten. (2001). Web-Based Language Testing. Language Learning & Technology, Vol.5, No.2, pp. 84-94. http://llt.msu.edu/vol5num2/roever/default.html 14. Schank, R. C., & Cleary, C. (1995). Engines for education. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 15. Pamela J. Sharpe, "How to Prepare for the TOEFL" 11th ed., Barron s Educational Series, Inc. (2004) 16. Eiichiro SUMITA, Fumiaki SUGAYA, Seiichi Yamamoto. Measuring Non-native Speakers' Proficiency of English by Using a Test with Automatically-Generated Fill-in-the-Blank Questions. In Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Building Educational Applications Using NLP, pp. 61-68, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 2005. 17. Warschauer, Mark. 1996. Computer-assisted language learning: An introduction. In S. Fotos (ed.), Multimedia language teaching. Tokyo: Logos International, pp. 3-20. Also available online. Also available at http://www.gse.uci.edu/markw/call.html 18. Anne Wichmann, Steven Fligelstone, Tony McEnery and Gerry Knowles (eds.). Teaching and Language Corpora. Applied Linguistics and Language Study. London and New York: Longman 1997. 19. Wilson, Eve. (1997) The Automatic Generation of CALL Exercises form General Corpora. In Wichmann et al. (eds.) Teaching and Language Corpora, pp. 116 130. Longman. 20. 劉麟利理漏 2004 21. 劉麟 Toward Computer Assisted Item Generation for English Vocabulary Tests 2002 22. Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/main_page 23. 料 : http://acezh.com