06(17-010)p fm

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "06(17-010)p fm"

Transcription

1 ISSN (PRINT) ISSN (ONLINE) 약학회지제 61 권제 4 호 233~239 (2017) Yakhak Hoeji Vol. 61, No. 4 DOI /psk 종설 Short Report 갈만추출물의미백기능및안전성에대한임상적유용성평가 황연실 * 김대성 ** 조다정 *** 김다은 * 장보윤 * 류자현 *** 김혜수 ** 조형권 ** 김성연 *,# * 원광대학교약학대학약품연구소, ** 한풍제약, *** 더마프로피부과학연구소 (Received January 10, 2017; Revised August 24, 2017; Accepted August 26, 2017) A clinical evaluation about whitening effect and safety of cosmetic containing aerial part of Pueraria lobata extract Yeon Sil Hwang *, Dae Sung Kim **, Da Jung Jo ***, Da Eun Kim *, Bo Yoon Chang *, Ja Hyun Ryu ***, Hye Soo Kim **, Hyoung Kwon Cho **, and Sung Yeon Kim *,# * Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea ** Hanpoong Pharm. CO., Ltd, st Palbok-dong, Deokjingu, Jeonju 54843, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea *** Dermapro Skin Research Center, 30 Bangbaejungang-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06684, Republic of Korea Abstract Melanin is major factor that determines skin color as well as one of the defense systems that prevent the UVinduced damage. White and clean skin is very important part of the satisfaction of appearance and life quality. The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the anti-melanogenesis activity for whitening product containing aerial part of Pueraria lobata extract (APPL) can be utilized based on the increase in demands for cosmetics, particularly natural products. A total of 23 subjects who visited Dermapro Skin Research Center were included in this study. Volunteers were irradiated at a test site with UVA+B to induce pigmentation then applied 3% APPL at the test site for 8 weeks. Changes in visual evaluation on pigmentation, average melanin content were observed, and subjective skin lightness and color improvements were analyzed. In all parameters measured in this clinical study, APPL treated group showed significant improvement compared with the control group. After 4 weeks, subjects with 3% APPL treatment started to improve melanin content and visual evaluation on pigmentation and skin lightness. Skin colors have improved from 8 weeks of treatment with 3% APPL. The safety of product containing 3% APPL was also confirmed. Indexes of subjective irritation(itching, prickling, tickling, burning, stinging, stiffness, tightening etc.) and objective irritation(erythema, edema, scale, papule etc.) proved that there was no adverse reaction on skin upon treatment of products. Considering all the results obtained, 3% APPL product can be used as a safe and effective skin-whitening agent. Keywords APPL, whitening, safety, clinical study 피부는해부학적으로외부와의경계부에위치하며다양한외부인자로부터개체를보호하는임무를수행하고있다. 1) 특히피부표피내기저층에존재하는색소세포 (melanocytes) 에서합성되는멜라닌단백질복합체인멜라노좀은자외선과같은외부 # Corresponding Author Sung Yeon Kim Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Korea Tel.: Fax.: sungykim@wku.ac.kr 자극에대해피부세포를보호하는중요한역할을하고있다. 2) 그러나최근환경오염으로인한자외선노출증가및노화로인한멜라닌과잉생성은피부에부분적으로색소침착현상을발생시키고있기때문에이와같은현상을예방하거나치료하기위한관심이높아지고있다. 3,4) 색소침착방지를위해사용되는 kojic acid, hydroquinone, vitamin C, azelaic acid 등의대부분은안정성, 이취, 부작용, 세포독성및안전성등의이유로그사용이제한적이다. 5) 따라서인체에부작용이적은천연물을이용한미백소재개발에대한연구가활발하게진행되고있다. 닥나무추출물, 유용성감초추출물은식품의약품안전처에서기능성미백원료로고시되었으 233

2 234 황연실 김대성 조다정 김다은 장보윤 류자현 김혜수 조형권 김성연 며, 삼백초, 당귀, 사삼, 울금, 인진쑥, 상백피등다양한천연물들이미백효과를나타내는것으로알려져있다. 6) 본임상실험에사용된갈만 ( 葛蔓 ) 은칡 ( 野葛, Pueraria lobata Ohwi) 의지상부이다. 칡은콩과에속하는덩굴성다년식물로극동아시아의온대영역에넓게분포하고있다. 예로부터칡의뿌리는갈근 ( 葛根 ) 이라하여해열작용, 폐경기질환, 술독제거, 담즙과위액의분비증가, 혈압저하작용, 심혈관계질병, 저산소증보호효과활성, 납독성에대한보호등에효과가있는것으로알려져있다. 7-9) 칡의뿌리 ( 葛根 ) 에대한효능및기전연구는많이이루어진반면칡의덩굴인갈만 ( 葛蔓 ) 이가지는효능에대한연구는상대적으로많지않다. 최근몇몇연구를통해서갈만추출물은 daidzin, daidzein, genistin, genistein, puerarin등의 isoflavonoid 를함유하고있고산화적스트레스로인한간손상에효과적인억제효과를나타낸다. 10) 특히, 본연구진의선행연구에따르면갈만은세포독성이보이지않는수준의농도에서흑색종세포 (B16F10) 내 MITF와 TRP-1, tyrosinase의 mrna 및단백질발현을억제한다. MITF 는멜라닌합성과정에관여하는주요효소인 tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 의발현을조절하는전사조절인자로작용한다. 뿐만아니라, 갈만은세포내 tyrosinase의활성을저해하며, 활성형 tyrosinase로전환시키는작용을하는 α-glucosidase의활성을저해하는효과를통해멜라닌합성을억제한다. 11) 그러나야생에서갈만은빠른성장속도로인하여도로변산림경관을저해하고생태계를파괴하는등피해를유발하고있다. 이를제거하기위해각지자체들은매년많은예산과인력이동원하고있으며, 미국에서는생태계교란식물로취급되고있다. 본연구는활용성이아직크지않은천연물인갈만추출물의미백효능및안전성에대한임상연구를통해갈만추출물의유용성을평가하고자한다. 실험방법 (Experimental Methods) 연구대상및기간헬싱키선언 (Declaration of Helsinki) 에근거한윤리규정, 인체적용시험가이드라인 ( 식품의약품안전처, 개정 ) 12) 및관련규정 13,14) 에따라더마프로피부과학연구소에임상시험을위해내원한피험자중선정기준에적합하고서면으로동의한 23 명에한해 2016년 03월 14일부터 2016년 05월 27일까지 2개월간더마프로연구원및전문의에의해진행되었다. 본임상시험은더마프로기관생명윤리위원회로부터승인을받았다 ( 승인번호제 A-N-02호 -DICN16043). 1) 선정기준 1 만 18~60세의여성 2 피부질환을포함하는급 만성신체질환이없는건강한자 3 시험참여에앞서시험의목적, 내용, 시험제품의특성등에대하여충분히설명을듣고자발적으로임상시험에참여를결정하고서면으로동의한자 4 시험기간동안추적관찰이가능한자 2) 제외기준 1 임신, 수유중또는 6 개월이내에임신을계획하고있는경우 2 피부질환의치료를위해스테로이드가함유된피부외형제를 1 개월이상사용한경우 3 동일한시험에참가한뒤 6 개월이경과되지않는경우 4 민감성, 과민성피부를가진경우 5 광선조사부위에점, 여드름, 홍반, 모세혈관확장등의피부이상소견이있는경우 6 시험시작 3 개월이내에시험부위에동일또는유사한화장품또는의약품을사용한경우 7 광알레르기또는광감작의병력이있는경우 8 아토피피부염또는기타감염성피부질환이있는경우 9 시험시작 3 개월이내에면역제 ( 항히스타민제, 소염제등 ) 치료를받은경우 10 시험시작 1 개월이내에전신적스테로이드 ( 호르몬치료 ) 또는광선치료를받은경우 11 만성소모성질환이있는경우 ( 천식, 당뇨, 고혈압등 ) 12 장기간광에노출될수있는직업을가진경우 13 그외주시험자의판단으로시험이곤란하다고판단되는경우 3) 시험중단및탈락기준 1 선정및제외기준을위반한경우 2 피험자에게피부이상반응이발생한경우 3 피험자추적이되지않는경우 4 프로토콜을어긴경우 5 피험자또는법정대리인이시험참가동의를철회하거나시험중지를요구하는경우 6 책임연구자및담당자의판단에의해연구진행이적합하지않다고판단되는경우 4) 제한사항 1 피험자는시험제품외의기능성화장품혹은의약품과의혼용을금함 2 시험기간중과도한물리적마찰이나햇볕의노출은피하게함갈만추출물함유제품의적용본실험에사용한갈만은 2015년 7월전북진안에서채취하여, 한풍제약의조형권박사가검증한후사용하였으며갈만표본 (HP ) 은한풍제약표본실에보관하고있다. 갈만 10 kg Vol. 61, No. 4, 2017

3 갈만추출물의미백임상평가 235 을 30 mm로파쇄한다음추출기에넣고 10배의 30% 에탄올을넣어 90~100 o C에서 3시간추출하였다. 추출액을 1μm 크기의마이크로필터를이용하여여과하고잔사를동일조건으로 2차추출하여여과후 60 o C 이하에서감압농축과건조를통해건조물 2.3 kg( 수율 23%) 을얻었다. 건조물에적당량의물과에틸아세트산을넣어분획후에틸아세트산층을농축및건조하여분말 kg( 수율 1.57%) 을얻었다. 지표성분분석을위해갈만추출물분말 0.5 g을메탄올 50 ml에넣어환류냉각기를달고수욕에서 2시간환류추출한다음여과한액에메탄올을추가해 100 ml로만든후메탄올로 5배희석하여만들었다. 지표성분 puerarin 10 mg에메탄올을넣어 100 ml로만들어표준액으로사용하였다. 컬럼은 Capcell Pak C18, UG 120(4.6 mm 250 mm, 5 μm, Shiseido, Japan) 을사용하였다. 이동상은물과메탄올 3:1 비율로조제하였고유속은 1 ml/min, 컬럼온도는 30 o C, 파장은 254 nm로측정하였다. 지표성분의함량은추출물의 9.45% 였다. 임상시험에사용된시험제품은한풍제약에서개발한갈만추출물 3% 를함유한고보습크림이며, 대조제품으로는갈만추출물을함유하지않은크림이다. 갈만추출물은산업적제조단위공정을통해제조된추출물을사용하였다. 11) 시험제품은물과다이에틸렌글라이콜을 7대 1의비율로혼합된용제에주성분인갈만추출물이 3% 함유되도록제조하였다 (puerarin으로 0.282%). 이외에보습제, 피부유연제, 피부컨디셔닝제, 유화제, 향료등을첨가하였다. 갈만추출물함유제품적용을위해모든피험자는방문시마다시험부위를세정한후에항온항습실 (22±2 o C, 50±5%) 에입실하여, 20분동안안정을취한후시험에참여하였다. 피험자의전박부위에인공적으로색소침착을유도한뒤 (Fig. 1), 8주동안 1일 2회 ( 아침, 저녁 ) block randomization을통해대조제품과시험제품을바르고충분히흡수시키도록하였다. 인공색소침착유도선정된피험자의전박부위에 LS1000 Solar Simulator (Solar Light, USA) 를이용하여자외선 (UVA+B) 조사후조사부위를 관찰하여최소홍반량 (Minimal Erythema Dose: MED) 을결정하고, MED의 2-4.5배에해당하는자외선을전박부위에조사하여인공적으로색소침착을유발시켰다. 사진촬영및육안평가제품사용전, 제품사용 2주, 4주, 6주및 8주후평가시점에서디지털카메라 (Digital Camera D-90, Nikon, Japan) 를이용하여시험부위를일정한조명하에서광량 80, F5.6, Flash 1/64의조건으로사진을촬영하였다. 육안평가는시험부위의색소침착정도를 10점척도 (0, 밝고투명함 ; ~9, 어둡고칙칙함, 0.5 단계로진행함 ) 로 2명의시험자가독립적으로평가한뒤, 평균값을적용하여분석하였다. 멜라닌지수측정멜라닌지수측정은 Mexameter MX18(C+K, Germany) 를이용하여측정하였다. 이는피부색을결정하는주요요인인멜라닌과헤모글로빈의양을흡광원리를이용하여측정하는장치로서방출기에서일정량의빛을방출하고, 피부에서반사된빛의양을수용기에서감지하여피부에서흡수된빛의양을계산할수있다. 멜라닌지수는 2개의다른파장영역에서의흡수율로측정된다. 각파장영역의피부흡수율을디지털화하여멜라닌지수 (N, melanin) 와홍반지수 (EI, erythema) 로나타내었다. 본시험은각평가시점에서색소침착부위를 3회측정한후멜라닌지수의평균값을분석하였다. 피부밝기 (L* value) 및색 (ITA o value) 측정피부밝기 (L* value) 및색 (ITA o value) 의측정은 Spectrophotometer CM-2500d (Minolta, Japan) 을이용하여측정하였다. 이는물체색의분광반사율측정을통해 tristimulus values를계산하여 CIE의표색계인 L*, a*, b* 로나타낸다. L*a*b* 표색계에서명도는 L* 로, 색상과채도는 a*, b* 로표현된다. 본시험은각평가시점에서색소침착부위를 3회측정한후평균값을이용하여피부밝기 (L* value) 를분석하였고, 아래의식을이용하여피부색 (Individual Typology Angle (ITA o ) value) 을분석하였다. ITA o = [Arc Tangent ((L* - 50)/ b*)] 180 / Fig. 1 Determination of minimal erythema dose(med) and inducing hyperpigmentation. 안전성평가각평가시점에서시험자가피험자의피부상태를관찰하고, 피험자와의질의응답을통해제품의안전성유무를확인하여기록하였다. 또한반응의양상및강도, 발생시점, 지속기간등에대해시험자가피험자의피부이상반응을문진과육안으로판단한후피부이상반응보고를작성하도록하며, 이에대한시험제 J. Pharm. Soc. Korea

4 236 황연실 김대성 조다정 김다은 장보윤 류자현 김혜수 조형권 김성연 Table I Skin characteristics of volunteers Item Classification Frequency (N) Percentage (%) 30's Age 40's 's Dry Normal Skin type Oily Dry and oily Problematic 품과의관련성에관해서는시험책임자가판단하였다. 통계분석모든데이터의통계적유의성은 SPSS Package Program (IBM, USA) 을이용하여분석하였다. 정규성은첨도 (kurtosis) 와왜도 (skewness), 사전동질성은 paired t-test를통해검증하였다. 군간비교는 RM ANOVA 를, 전후시점별비교는모수일경우 RM ANOVA, 비모수일경우는 Wilcoxon signed-ranks test를이용하여검증하였다. 설문평가분석시효능에관한설문평가는두군의비모수적평균값을비교하기위해 Mann-Whitney U- test를, 사용성종합설문평가는 Chi-Square test를이용하였다. 통계학적유의수준은 p<0.05로설정하였다. 결과및고찰 (Results and Discussion) 피험자의구성및피부특성본시험은기능성화장품의유효성평가를위한가이드라인 13), 화장품표시 광고실증을위한시험방법가이드라인 15) 에서제시한 20명이상을대상으로임상시험을진행하였다. 최저연령 39 세부터최고연령 52세까지의여성 24명에대해선정검사를수행하였으나, 1명의피험자가탈락하여총 23명이시험에참여하였다. 연령대는 30대 2명, 40대 18명, 50대 3명이었으며, 시험에참여한피험자의평균연령은 45.30±3.30세였다 (Table I). Fitzpatrick skin type 분류에따라광피부타입이 III 또는 IV인피험자로구성되었다. 건성피부타입 12명으로가장많은부분을차지했고, 중성과건지성이각각 5명과 4명, 지성이 2명으로문제성피부를제외한모든피부타입의피험자들이실험에참가하였다. 인공색소침착부위의육안평가분석같은인종, 같은피부색이라해도개개인마다 UV에대한피부반응이다르기때문에 UV를조사하기전에피험자마다개개인의최소홍반량 (Minimal Erythema Dose: MED) 를알아야알맞은 Fig. 2 Changes of visual assessment following 8 consecutive weeks application of 3% APPL and control. Decrement of the mean-value represents improvement of skin color on hyperpigmentation (Mean±SD, *p<0.05 vs. before treatment, #p<0.05 vs. control group). UV량을조사할수있다. 일반적으로 MED량의 2배의자외선을사용하나개개인의흑화정도를고려하여추가자외선을조사할수있어본실험에서는 2-4.5배의자외선조사가이루어졌다. 분석결과, 제품사용전후비교시갈만추출물함유제품사용군과대조군모두에서사용 2주후부터색소침착정도가개선되었다. 6주이후부터는갈만추출물함유제품사용군이대조군에비해색소침착정도가유의적으로개선되었다. 6주의갈만추출물함유제품사용군과대조군의육안평가결과는각각 5.03±0.66과 5.17±0.75 (p=0.035), 8주의결과는 4.32±0.79과 4.42±0.82 (p=0.019) 로관찰되어갈만추출물함유제품사용군의색소침착개선효과가더욱큰것으로나타났다 (Fig. 2). 흡광원리를이용한멜라닌지수분석갈만추출물함유제품멜라닌지수분석결과, 제품사용전과비교시갈만추출물함유제품사용군및대조군모두제품사용 2주후시점부터멜라닌지수가개선되었다. 두군간비교시제품사용 4주부터대조군과비교하여갈만추출물함유제품사용군의멜라닌지수감소의폭이유의적으로크게나타났다 (Fig. 3). 멜라닌지수감소의폭은시간이지날수록커짐이관찰되었다. 흡광원리를이용한멜라닌분석에서육안분석보다갈만추출물함유제품의빠른효과가관찰되었으나, 전체적인결과는육안적평가의결과와일치하는것으로사료된다. 분광반사율을이용한피부밝기 (L* value) 및색 (ITA o value) 분석피부밝기 (L* value) 분석결과또한멜라닌지수와동일한경향을보였으며, 제품사용전과비교시갈만추출물함유제품사용군및대조군모두제품사용 2주후시점부터피부밝기 (L* Vol. 61, No. 4, 2017

5 갈만추출물의미백임상평가 237 Fig. 3 Changes of melanin index following 8 consecutive weeks application of 3% APPL and control. Decrement of the meanvalue represents decrease of melanin index (Mean±SD, *p<0.05 vs. before treatment, #p<0.05 vs. control group). Fig. 5 Changes of skin color (ITA o value) following 8 consecutive weeks application of 3% APPL and control. Increment of the mean-value represents improvement of skin color (ITA o value) (Mean±SD, *p<0.05 vs. before treatment, #p<0.05 vs. control group). Fig. 4 Changes of skin lightness (L* value) following 8 consecutive weeks application of 3% APPL and control. Increment of the mean-value represents improvement of skin lightness (L* value) (Mean±SD, *p<0.05 vs. before treatment, #p<0.05 vs. control group). value) 가개선되기시작하였다. 군간비교시제품사용 4주, 6주및 8주후시점에서갈만추출물함유제품사용군은대조군에비해시험군의피부밝기가유의하게개선되었다 (Fig. 4). 피부색분석결과제품사용전과비교시갈만추출물함유제품사용군은제품사용 4주후시점부터, 대조군은제품사용 2주후시점부터피부색 (ITA o value) 이개선되었으며, 군간비교시제품사용 8주후시점에서시험군의수치는 36.71±5.46, 대조군의수치는 35.61±5.60으로유의하게개선되었다 (Fig. 5). 피부안전성평가제품사용후각평가시점에서문진을통해얻어진주관적피부자극감지표 ( 가렵다, 바늘로찌르듯이아프다, 근질거린다, 화 Table II Skin adverse reactions Subjective irritation Symptom 3% APPL/Control 2W 4W 6W 8W Itching Prickling Tickling Burning Stinging Stiffness Tightening etc Erythema Edema Objective irritation Scale Papule etc Total number of subjects 끈거린다, 따끔거린다, 뻣뻣하다, 당긴다등 ) 와관찰을통해얻어진객관적자극지표 ( 홍반, 부종, 인설, 구진등 ) 에서갈만추출물함유제품사용으로인한피부이상반응은모든피험자에게서관찰되지않았다 (Table II). 이러한결과는본실험에앞서수행한인체피부일차자극시험과동일한결과이다. 인체피부일차자극시험의경우, 기능성화장품심사에관한규정의독성시험법 7항 (1) 인체첩포시험방법에근거하여평균연령이 43.9±5.7세인피험자를선정하여, 48 시간동안첩보후, Frosch & Kligman 16) 법을반영하여평가한결 J. Pharm. Soc. Korea

6 238 황연실 김대성 조다정 김다은 장보윤 류자현 김혜수 조형권 김성연 Table III Results of human skin primary irritation test No Test material No. of responder 48hr Reaction Grade h Mean 1 3% APPL Control 과로, 단 1명의피험자에서 1+ grade(slight erythema, either spotty or diffuse) 의피부반응이관찰되어저자극범주의물질로판단되었다 (Table III). 결론 (Conclusion) 멜라닌은동물, 식물에널리분포하는페놀류고분자화합물로피부와머리카락의색상을결정하는주요인자이다. 일반적으로멜라닌은자외선이나자유라디칼과같은외부자극요인으로부터피부세포의손상을억제하기위해만들어진다. 17,18) 멜라닌이과도하게합성되면피부표면에침착되어기미, 주근깨등다양한색소침착을유발하고피부노화를촉진시킨다. 19) 멜라닌은 tyrosine을기질로 tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1(trp-1), tyrosinase related protein-2(trp-2) 에의해 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(DOPA) 와 DOPA quinone, DOPA chrome을거쳐생성된다. 20,21) 이러한멜라닌의생성의상위단계에신호전달계가작용하는것으로알려져있다. 멜라닌을증가시키는주요요인중하나인 α-msh는 MC1R(melanocortin receptor 1) 과결합하고신호전달단백질인 adenylate cyclase를활성화하여 cyclic AMP(cAMP) 를증가시킨다. 연속적으로 protein kinase A(PKA) 를통해 camp responsive element binding protein(creb) 을활성화시킨다. 활성화된 CREB는 MITF 단백질의발현을증가시켜 tyrosinase 유전자의발현을촉진하는것으로알려져있다. 22) 많은천연물미백소재연구중최근닥나무추출물중유효성분의유도체로진행한실험에서멜라닌생성의조절의주요인자인 tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 등의억제를통해유효하게미백효과를나타남이보고되었다. 23) 갈만추출물도닥나무추출물과유사한멜라닌생성의억제의기전을갖고있으나, 기존사용되었던 kojic acid나 hydroquinone 의작용과는달리 mushroom tyrosinase 직접적인억제효과는나타나지않는것으로밝혀졌다. 갈만추출물은세포내 tyrosinase 활성의감소를나타냈으며, 이는상위단계인 MITF, TRP-1, tyrosinase 단백질및 mrna 3가지인자발현의억제를통해나타나므로, 11) 기존의제품에비하여효능의발현시간의차이가있을수있을것으로예상되었다. 또한갈만추출물은 tyrosinase의성숙과정에도관여하며, 높은항산화효과를함께나타냄으로써멜라닌생성을효과적으로조절이가능할것이다. 따라서본연구에서는갈만추출물함유한제품의미백효과를확인하기위해인공색소침착법을이용하여임상시험을진행하였다. 임상시험선정기준에적합한피험자 23명을대상으로색소침착유도후 8주간제품을사용하게하여육안평가 ( 색소침착 ), 멜라닌지수측정, 피부밝기 (L* value) 측정, 피부색 (ITA o value) 측정및안전성평가등을수행하였다. 대조군과시험군간비교시제품사용 6주및 8주후시점에서갈만추출물을함유한제품시험군은대조군에비해색소침착정도가유의하게개선되었다. 갈만추출물을함유한제품은대조제품에비해멜라닌지수측정, 피부밝기 (L* value) 측정, 피부색 (ITA o value) 지표에서 4주부터유의적인개선이관찰되었다. 또한갈만추출물함유제품에대한안전성평가에서모든시험자에게이상반응이관찰되지않아피부에대한안전성도확인할수있었다. 이를통해미백소재로서갈만추출물의유용성및안전성을확인하였으며, 갈만추출물함유제품은피부색소침착개선에도움을줄것으로사료된다. 감사의말씀 (Acknowledgment) 본연구는산업통상자원부와한국산업기술진흥원이지원하는경제협력권산업육성사업 ( 과제번호 : R ) 의지원에의하여수행된결과입니다. References 1) Korean Dermatological Association : Dermatology 5th ed., Ryo Moon Gak. P. Co, p. 11 (2008). 2) James, J. N., Raymond, E. Boissy., Vincent, J. H., Richard, A. K., William, S. O. and Ortonne, J. P. : The pigmentary system: physiology and pathophysiology, Oxford University Press, p. 489 (1998). 3) Maeda, K. and Fukuda, M. : In vitro effectiveness of several whitening cosmetic components in human melanocytes. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 42, 361 (1991). 4) Prota, G. : Pigment cell research; what directions?. Pigment Cell Res. 10, 5 (1997). 5) Seo, E. J., Hong, E. S., Choi, M. H., Kim, K. S. and Lee, S. J. : Antioxidant and skin whitening effects of Rhamnus yoshinoi extracts. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 42, 750 (2010). Vol. 61, No. 4, 2017

7 갈만추출물의미백임상평가 239 6) Kim, E. H. : A Study of Whitening Cosmetics from natural products. Korean education journal of aesthetic society 4, 195 (2006). 7) Kayano, S. I., Matsumura, Y., Kitagawa, Y., Kobayashi, M., Nagayama, A., Kawabata, N. and Kitada, Y. : Isoflavone C- glycosides isolated from the root of kudzu (Pueraria lobata) and their estrogenic activities. Food Chem. 134, 282 (2012). 8) Wu, Y., Wang, X. and Fan, E. : Optimisation of Ultrasoundassisted Extraction of Puerarin and Total Isoflavones from Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Pueraria lobata (Wild.) Ohwi) with Response Surface Methodology. Phytochem. Anal. 23, 513 (2012). 9) Lee, E. J., Kwon, J. E., Kim, S. J. and Park, T. H. : Isoflavones and biotransformed dihydrodaidzein production within vitro cultured callus of Korean wild arrowroot Pueraria lobata. J. Plant Biotechnol. 40, 217 (2013). 10) Han, E. B., Chang, B. Y., Kim, D. S., Cho, H. K. and Kim, S. Y. : Melanogenesis inhibitory effect of aerial part of Pueraria thunbergiana in vitro and in vivo. Arch. Derm. Res. 307, 57 (2015). 11) Kim, D. E., Hwang, Y. S., Chang, B. Y., Han, J. H., Kim, D. S., Kim, H. S., Cho, H. K. and Kim, S. Y. : Whitening Effect and Mechanism of Aerial Part of Pueraria lobata. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 47, 343 (2016). 12) National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, herbal/ korean traditional products, cosmetics quasi-drug : Guideline for Clinical Testing and Efficacy Evaluation of Functional Cosmetics, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, p. 1 (2015). 13) National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, herbal/ korean traditional products, cosmetics quasi-drug : Guideline for Efficacy Evaluation of Functional Cosmetics I, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, p. 1 (2015). 14) National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, herbal/ korean traditional products, cosmetics quasi-drug : Regulations on Examination of Functional Cosmetics National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, p. 1 (2013). 15) National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, herbal/ korean traditional products, cosmetics quasi-drug : Guideline on the control of cosmetic products; Advertising and Labelling, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, p. 1 (2015). 16) Frosch P. J. and Kligman A. M. : A new method for assessing the irritancy of soaps. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1, 35 (1979). 17) Jun, H. J., Lee, J. H., Cho, B. R., Seo, W. D., Kang, H. W., Kim, D. W., and Lee, S. J. : Dual Inhibition of γ-oryzanol on Cellular Melanogenesis: Inhibition of Tyrosinase Activity and Reduction of Melanogenic Gene Expression by a Protein Kinase A- Dependent Mechanism. J. Nat. Prod. 75, 1706 (2012). 18) Yoon, N. Y., Eom, T. K., Kim, M. M., and Kim, S. K. : Inhibitory effect of phlorotannins isolated from Ecklonia cava on mushroom tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in mouse B16F10 melanoma cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 4124 (2009). 19) Jin, M. H., Jeong, E. T., Kim, M. S., Song, H. J., Kwak, T. J., Park, S. G., and Lee, S. M. : The effects of polydatin isolated from polygonum cuspidatum on melanogenesis and wrinkle formation. J. Soc. Cosmet. Sci. Korea 37, 327 (2011). 20) Ye, Y., Chou, G.X., Wang, H., Chu, J. H. and Yu, Z. L. : Falvonoids, apigenin and icariin exert potent melanogenic activities in murine B16 melanoma cells. Phytomedicine 18, 32 (2010). 21) Lee, S. Y., Jun, H. J., Lee, I. C. and Lee, J. Y. : Down-regulation of tyrosinase, MITF, TRP-1, and TRP-2 expressions by Juniperus rigida sieb. in murine B16F10 melanoma. J. Life Science 23, 1445 (2013). 22) Kim, K. S., Kim, J. A., Eom, S. Y., Lee, S. H., Min, K. R., and Kim, Y. : Inhibitory effect of piperlonguminine on melanin production in melanoma B16 cell line by downregulation of tyrosinase expression. Pigment Cell Res. 19, 90 (2006). 23) Jeong, Y. S., Kim, J. H., Choi, J. H., Baek, H. S., Joo, Y. H., Lee, C. S., Shin, H. J., Park, Y. H., Kim, B. J. and Shin, S. S. : Antimelanogenic activity of a novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled comparative clinical trial performed in patients with hyperpigmentation during the summer. Int. J. Dermatol. 55, e321 (2016). J. Pharm. Soc. Korea

- 1 -

- 1 - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - SUMMARY ( 영문요약문 ) - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - cavenging - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - - 25 - - 26 -

More information

Journal of Life Science 2011, Vol. 21. No μ μ

Journal of Life Science 2011, Vol. 21. No μ μ Journal of Life Science 2011 Vol. 21. No. 8. 1120~1126 ISSN : 1225-9918 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2011.21.8.1120 μ μ μ α β Journal of Life Science 2011, Vol. 21. No. 8 1121 μ μ 1122 생명과학회지 2011,

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

(01) hwp

(01) hwp Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

PowerPoint 프레젠테이션

PowerPoint 프레젠테이션 기능성화장품의종류및법규 중부대학교화장품과학과송기세 피부의색 1. Melanin 색소의양과분포 : 피부색깔결정의주요인자 2. 헤모글로빈 (Hemoglobin in the blood vessel) : 백색의피부 melanin 이적고표피층의투명도가높아혈액속의헤모글로빈의영향을강하게나타나분홍색으로느껴짐 : 흑색의피부 검은색의멜라닌양이많아서상대적으로혈액의영향이적음 3.

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

- 2 -

- 2 - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - μ μ μ μ μ μ μ α μ μ μ μ μ - 5 - μ μ μ μ - 6 - μ - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - μ μ μ α μ λ - 14 - μ μ μ μ μ - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

?

? http://kfaexpo.kr/ The 40th Korea Franchise Business Expo 2017 JUNE - Vol.23 2017 JUNE - Vol.23 2017 in Busan COVER STORY SPEACIAL REPORT GUIDE POST PEOPLE & STORY ASSOCIATION NEWS Ҷ

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

<31335FB1C7B0E6C7CABFDC2E687770>

<31335FB1C7B0E6C7CABFDC2E687770> 에너지기후변화교육 4(2):203~211(2014) 203 초등학교 교과서 에너지 단원의 탐구활동과 시각자료 기능 분석 사례 연구 신명경 권경필 * 경인교육대학교 Abstract : This study aimed to analyze energy related inquiry activity and visual materials in elementary textbook.

More information

04-다시_고속철도61~80p

04-다시_고속철도61~80p Approach for Value Improvement to Increase High-speed Railway Speed An effective way to develop a highly competitive system is to create a new market place that can create new values. Creating tools and

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

09-감마선(dh)

09-감마선(dh) Journal of Radiation Industry 4 (3) : 253~257 (2010) Review Paper 감마선 조사가 포인세티아의 발근, 생육 및 색상변이에 미치는 영향 이은경* 김원희 김성태 강시용 1 국립원예특작과학원, 1 한국원자력연구원 Rooting, Growth, and Color Mutation of Poinsettias Affected

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Mar.; 28(3), 163 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.3.163 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PCB

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

학술원논문집 ( 자연과학편 ) 제 50 집 2 호 (2011) 콩의식품적의의및생산수급과식용콩의자급향상 李弘䄷 * 李英豪 ** 李錫河 *** * Significance of Soybean as Food and Strategies for Self Suffici

학술원논문집 ( 자연과학편 ) 제 50 집 2 호 (2011) 콩의식품적의의및생산수급과식용콩의자급향상 李弘䄷 * 李英豪 ** 李錫河 *** * Significance of Soybean as Food and Strategies for Self Suffici 학술원논문집 ( 자연과학편 ) 제 50 집 2 호 (2011) 97-137 콩의식품적의의및생산수급과식용콩의자급향상 李弘䄷 * 李英豪 ** 李錫河 *** * Significance of Soybean as Food and Strategies for Self Sufficiency Improvement Hong Suk Lee*, Yeong-Ho Lee**, and

More information

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean

More information

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

2016 학년도약학대학면접문제해설 문제 2 아래의질문에 3-4분이내로답하시오. 표피성장인자수용체 (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) 는수용체티로신인산화효소군 (receptor tyrosine kinases, RTKs) 의일종으로서세

2016 학년도약학대학면접문제해설 문제 2 아래의질문에 3-4분이내로답하시오. 표피성장인자수용체 (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) 는수용체티로신인산화효소군 (receptor tyrosine kinases, RTKs) 의일종으로서세 본문제에대한지적소유권은동국대학교에있습니다. 본교의서면허락없이무단으로출판, 게재, 사용할수없습니다. 문제 2 2016 학년도약학대학면접문제 아래의질문에 3-4 분이내로답하시오. 표피성장인자수용체 (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) 는수용체티로신 인산화효소군 (receptor tyrosine kinases, RTKs) 의일종으로서세포의생존과증식

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 27(6), 495 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.495 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Design

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Study on Teache Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 3~30 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 01. 08 2016. 01. 09 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

Analysis of teacher s perception and organization on physical education elective courses Chang-Wan Yu* Korea Institute of curriculum and evaluation [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:

More information

untitled

untitled 3. 농업환경연구과 과제구분 기본연구 수행시기 전반기 연구과제 및 세부과제 수행 기간 소 속 책임자 농가에 적합한 부식성곤충 대량 사육기술 개발 12~ 13 농업환경연구과 곤충팀 이영혜 1) 부식성 곤충 먹이 제조 기술 개발 12~ 13 농업환경연구과 곤충팀 이영혜 색인용어 부식성곤충, 장수풍뎅이, 계통, 먹이제조 ABSTRACT In first check,

More information

Æ÷Àå82š

Æ÷Àå82š Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer

패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 2010.1 Fashionbiz

More information

278 경찰학연구제 12 권제 3 호 ( 통권제 31 호 )

278 경찰학연구제 12 권제 3 호 ( 통권제 31 호 ) 여성경찰관의직업윤리의식결정요인분석 * An Analysis of Determinantal Factors Influencing Professional Ethical Standards of South Korean Police Women 신문희 ** 이영민 *** Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 이론적배경 Ⅲ. 연구방법 Ⅳ. 연구결과 Ⅴ. 결론 Ⅰ. 서론 278 경찰학연구제 12

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( :

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( : 27 2, 17-31, 2009. -, * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** (: dminkim@cau.ac.kr) 18 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. Ⅰ. (,,, 2004). (,, 2006).,,, (Myrick,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

Jkafm093.hwp

Jkafm093.hwp 가정의학회지 2004;25:721-739 비만은 심혈관 질환, 고혈압 및 당뇨병에 각각 위험요인이고 다양한 내과적, 심리적 장애와 연관이 있는 질병이다. 체중감소는 비만한 사람들에 있어 이런 위험을 감소시키고 이들 병발 질환을 호전시킨다고 알려져 있고 일반적으로 많은 사람들에게 건강을 호전시킬 것이라는 믿음이 있어 왔다. 그러나 이런 믿음을 지지하는 연구들은

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   : A basic research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:

More information

Effects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]

More information

???춍??숏

???춍??숏 Suseong gu Council Daegu Metropolitan City www.suseongcouncil.daegu.kr Contents SUSEONG GU COUNCIL DAEGU METROPOLITAN CITY 10 www.suseongcouncil.daegu.kr 11 SUSEONG GU COUNCIL DAEGU METROPOLITAN CITY

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze

More information

,......

,...... The Impact of Personal Traits, Family Characteristics, and Job Satisfaction on the Psychological Well-Being of Middle Aged Men from the Baby Boomer Generation Working in Large Corporations Department of

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   * Strenghening the Cap Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: (LiD) - - * Way to

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   (LiD) - - * Way to Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

목원 한국화- 북경전을 준비하며 지난해부터 시작 된 한국의 목원대학교 한국화 전공의 해외미술체험은 제자와 스승의 동행 속에서 미술가로 성장하는 학생들의 지식에 샘을 채워주는 장학사업으로 진행되고 있으며, 한국의 우수한 창작인력 양성을 위해, 배움을 서로 나누는 스승들의

목원 한국화- 북경전을 준비하며 지난해부터 시작 된 한국의 목원대학교 한국화 전공의 해외미술체험은 제자와 스승의 동행 속에서 미술가로 성장하는 학생들의 지식에 샘을 채워주는 장학사업으로 진행되고 있으며, 한국의 우수한 창작인력 양성을 위해, 배움을 서로 나누는 스승들의 K o r e a n P a i n t i n g F i n e A r t s D e p t. A r t C o l l e g e M o k w o n U n i v e r s i t y 목원대학교 미술대학 한국화전공 우수창작인력양성 특성화장학생-제2차 해외미술체험 陌生的眼神看 展ː 望 목 원 한 국 화 -Beijing을 걷다- Korean Painting

More information

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 Korean J Med Hist 13 1 19 Jun 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * * 1 ( ) 2) 3) 4) * 1) ( ) 3 2) 7 1 3) 2 1 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 5) ( ) ( ) 2 1 ( ) 2 3 2 4) ( ) 6 7 5) - 2003 23 144-166 2 2 1) 6)

More information

서강대학교 기초과학연구소대학중점연구소 심포지엄기초과학연구소

서강대학교 기초과학연구소대학중점연구소 심포지엄기초과학연구소 2012 년도기초과학연구소 대학중점연구소심포지엄 마이크로파센서를이용한 혈당측정연구 일시 : 2012 년 3 월 20 일 ( 화 ) 14:00~17:30 장소 : 서강대학교과학관 1010 호 주최 : 서강대학교기초과학연구소 Contents Program of Symposium 2 Non-invasive in vitro sensing of D-glucose in

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowo

The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowo The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowon Lee 2 * 1 Program of Software Convergence, Soongsil

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Mediating Eff Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Study on the Pe

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   * A Study on the Pe Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.405-425 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.405 * A Study on the Perceptions and Factors of Immigrant Background Youth

More information

16_이주용_155~163.hwp

16_이주용_155~163.hwp 사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin

More information

大学4年生の正社員内定要因に関する実証分析

大学4年生の正社員内定要因に関する実証分析 190 2016 JEL Classification Number J24, I21, J20 Key Words JILPT 2011 1 190 Empirical Evidence on the Determinants of Success in Full-Time Job-Search for Japanese University Students By Hiroko ARAKI and

More information

제 출 문 경상북도 경산시 농업기술센터 귀하 본 보고서를 6차산업수익모델시범사업 농산물가공품개발 연구용역 과제의 최종보고서로 제출합니다. 2014 년 11 월 19 일 주관연구기관명 : 영남대학교 총괄연구책임자 : 한 기 동 연 구 원 : 김 상 욱 이 수 형 이 상

제 출 문 경상북도 경산시 농업기술센터 귀하 본 보고서를 6차산업수익모델시범사업 농산물가공품개발 연구용역 과제의 최종보고서로 제출합니다. 2014 년 11 월 19 일 주관연구기관명 : 영남대학교 총괄연구책임자 : 한 기 동 연 구 원 : 김 상 욱 이 수 형 이 상 6차 산업 수익모델 시범사업 농산물가공품개발 연구용역 최 종 보 고 서 영남대학교 식품공학과 연구책임자 : 한 기 동 제 출 문 경상북도 경산시 농업기술센터 귀하 본 보고서를 6차산업수익모델시범사업 농산물가공품개발 연구용역 과제의 최종보고서로 제출합니다. 2014 년 11 월 19 일 주관연구기관명 : 영남대학교 총괄연구책임자 : 한 기 동 연 구 원 : 김

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Experiences of Af Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood

More information

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

Jkbcs032.hwp

Jkbcs032.hwp Clinical Correlation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Patients with Breast Cancer Sung Yong Kim, Tae Yoon Kim, Jae Jun Kim, Chang Ho Kim, Ok Pyung Song, Min Hyuk Lee, Eui Han Kim 1, and Moo Sik Cho Departments

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI:   IPA * Analysis of Perc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   A study on Characte Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.381-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.381 A study on Characteristics of Action Learning by Analyzing Learners Experiences

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

main.hwp

main.hwp 열화상 측정기를 이용한 안마의자의 인체 영향 평가 박세진, 구준모, 이현자 한국표준과학연구원 생활계측그룹 Evaluation of Massage Chair Effect on Human Body using Infrared Imaging/Radiometric Camera Se Jin Park, Jun Mo Koo, Hyun Ja Lee Human L ife Measurement

More information