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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 16, No. 5 pp , ISSN / eissn 초대형유압브레이커개발 안규복 1* 1 충북대학교기계공학부 Development of Extra-large Hydraulic Breaker Kyubok Ahn 1* 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungbuk National University 요약 100톤급굴삭기에장착할수있는초대형유압브레이커개발을수행하였다. 유압브레이커설계에앞서타격에너지, 분당타격수등의성능을예측할수있는유압브레이커해석방법에대해연구하였다. 해석결과를바탕으로초대형유압브레이커의설계및제작이이루어졌으며, 유압브레이커가성공적으로작동함을확인하였다. 실제유압브레이커작동시타격에너지와분당타격수를측정하여, 해석결과와비교하였다. 분당타격수해석결과는큰오차없이실험결과를잘예측하였지만, 타격에너지해석결과는실제실험결과와매우큰차이가나타남을확인하였다. 초대형유압브레이커를성공적으로개발하였으며, 향후마찰, 유압회로등을고려하여타격에너지해석방법을보완할예정이다. Abstract Development of a extra-large hydraulic breaker, which could be used for a 100 ton-class excavator were carried out Hot-firing tests were carried out. Before designing a hydraulic breaker, the analysis method to predict the performance such as impact energy and impact rate were studied. Based on the analysis result, the design and manufacture of a extra-large hydraulic breaker were performed, and the breaker were confirmed to operate successfully. The data of impact energy and impact rate were measured during the operation of the breaker, and were compared with the analysis result. The analysis result of impact rate anticipated well the test data, but that of impact energy showed a large difference with the test data. The extra-large hydraulic breaker were successfully developed and the analysis method of impact energy will be updated taking into account friction, hydraulic circuit, etc. Key Words : Analysis Method, Impact Energy, Impact Rate, Hydraulic Breaker 1. 서론유압브레이커는암반, 시멘트구조물, 도로포장등을파쇄하거나해체할때사용되는것으로, 원기둥모양의치즐한쪽끝을파쇄하고자하는물체에대고다른한쪽끝을유압피스톤으로쳐서그충격력으로물체를파쇄시키는기계장치이다 [1-14]. 유압브레이커는단독제품으로생산되나, 실제작업은굴삭기의끝단에연결되어굴삭기작업자에의해이루어지게된다. 이러한브레이커는크게가스 (gas) 식과유압 (hydraulic) 식으로구별된다. 일반적으로가스식은가격이저렴하나작업안정성과편리성이부족한단점이있으며, 유압식은가격이비싸지만작업안정성과편리성이우월한특징이있다. 우리나라를포함한중국, 동남아시아, 중동시장에서는상대적으로가격이저렴한가스식이주로사용되고있으나, 미국과유럽시장에서는작업자의피로도가적은유압식이주로사용되고있다. 현재세계시장에서는유압식이약 45% 정도의점유율을차지하고있어가스식에비해시장점유율이다소낮은상황이다. 그러나가스식이주로사용되고있는아시아 이논문은 2014년도충북대학교학술연구지원사업의연구비지원에의하여연구되었음 * Corresponding Author : Kyubok Ahn(Chungbuk National Univ.) Tel: kbahn@cbnu.ac.kr Received February 2, 2015 Accepted May 7, 2015 Revised March 4, 2015 Published May 31,

2 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 5 호, 2015 시장에서도국민소득이증가하고생활수준이향상됨에따라작업안정성과편리성이우월한유압식브레이커로수요가점차바뀌고있는실정이다 [15,16]. 중소형유압브레이커시장은제조기술이보편화되고제조사가과다하므로경쟁이심하며부가가치가낮다. 현재기계기술의발달로인해브레이커를장착하는굴삭기의대형화가빠르게진행되고있으며이에따라 Fig. 1과같이초대형유압브레이커시장이새롭게창출되고있다. 초대형유압브레이커시장은부가가치가높으며아직성숙되지않은유망시장으로세계적선도회사인핀란드의 Rammer사와도경쟁해볼수있는분야이다. 본연구의목적은자체중량 6.5톤급전유압방식초대형유압브레이커를개발하는것이었다. 이를위해먼저전유압방식유압브레이커의해석방법에대해연구를수행하였으며, 다음으로해석결과를바탕으로시제품을설계, 제작하여실제타격에너지와분당타격수를측정하였다. 2.1 약어 : 가속도, m s2 : 1, 2 부위피스톤면적차, m2 : 2, 3 부위피스톤면적차, m2 : 주파수, Hz : 타격에너지, J : 피스톤을상향으로움직이는힘, N : 피스톤을하향으로움직이는힘, N : 피스톤행정거리 : 피스톤질량, kg : 1 위치유압오일압력, bar : 2 위치유압오일압력, bar : 3 위치유압오일압력, bar : 유압펌프공급압력, bar : 유압펌프공급유량, LPM : 시간, sec 2.2 힘과운동의법칙유압브레이커내에서발생하는마찰등의손실을무시할경우피스톤을움직이는힘과운동의법칙은아래수식들과같이설명될수있다. Fig. 1. Global makers of hydraulic breakers 2. 유압브레이커해석전유압방식유압브레이커타격에너지와분당타격수의해석방법을 Fig. 2를이용하여아래에설명하였다. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 2.3 피스톤왕복시간계산 Eq. (7) 에서피스톤왕복시간 ( ) 은상향에걸린시간 과하향에걸린시간 의합으로다음과같이표현된다. Fig. 2. Cross-sectional view of hydraulic breaker (8) 3082

3 초대형유압브레이커개발 (9) (10) 의한공간손실등이없다고가정할경우타격에너지는 Eq. (15) 와같이계산될수있다. 또한일반적으로 이므로, Eq. (8) 은다음과같이정리된다. (15) (11) 피스톤의타격수는일반적으로분당타격수, RPM으로표시되며, 오일공급시간등을무시할수있다면이론적인분당타격수 은다음과같이나타낼수있다. (12) 3. 유압브레이커개발및시험결과 3.1 유압브레이커개발앞장에서설명한유압브레이커해석방법을이용하여해외 7톤급유압브레이커의일반적작동조건인오일압력 170 bar, 오일공급유량 350 LPM 조건에서해석적으로타격에너지가 26,148 J, 분당타격수가 148 RPM 이되도록유압브레이커를설계하였다. Fig. 3~5는설계된유압브레이커의 Pro-E 모델링결과를나타낸다. 2.4 유압브레이커내부오일공급시간계산 Eq. (12) 와같이이론적인분당타격수를계산할경우실제에비해 3~4배타격수를과도예측하게되는문제가발생한다. 이는굴삭기에장착된유압펌프가유압브레이커에서사용되는유량을매우빠르게공급하지못하기때문에생기는문제로, 이에대한시간을 Eq. (13) 과같이고려해주어야한다. (13) Fig. 3. Hammer assembly modeling 2.5 분당타격수계산결국유압브레이커의이론적인분당타격수 은 Eq. (11) 과 Eq. (13) 을이용하여 Eq. (14) 와같이나타낼수있다. (14) 2.6 타격에너지계산피스톤이움직일때실린더와의마찰등으로인한에너지손실, 피스톤과치즐이충돌할때반발에의한에너지손실, 그리고유압브레이커내부에서의버퍼링등에 Fig. 4. Housing assembly modeling 3083

4 한국산학기술학회논문지 제16권 제5호, 2015 Fig. 5 Hydraulic breaker assembly modeling Fig. 8. Picture of hydraulic breaker test in KIMM Fig. 6은 실제 제작 후 굴삭기에 부착되어 현장에서 테스트가 수행되는 사진을 보여주고 있다. 설계 시 Pro-E를 활용하여 무게를 예측하였으며, 실제 시제품의 무게는 목표치와 동일한 6.5톤을 나타내었다. Fig. 9. Test data during 5 strokes Fig. 6. Picture of hydraulic breaker field test Fig. 10. Enlarged test data during impact instant 3.2 유압브레이커 시험 제작된 유압브레이커의 성능 평가를 위해 한국기계연 구원 신뢰성평가센터에 의뢰하여 시험을 수행하였다. Fig. 7. Test facility for hydraulic breaker in KIMM Fig. 7, 8은 한국기계연구원의 성능시험 장치와 성능시 험을 위해 장착된 유압브레이커 해머 어셈블리(하우징 제외)의 사진을 보여주고 있다. 유량센서로는 터빈유량 3084

5 초대형유압브레이커개발 계 RE3-300이사용되며, 압력센서로는 Sensotec 500과 34.5가사용된다. 시험방법으로먼저타격에너지시험은 25회의단속적인작동사이클시간동안측정한데이터중각각의펄스구분이명확하고, 다른파형에갑섭을받지않은파형을선택하여, 장비의초기하중을제거한하중값과타격시작시간에서마감시간까지의변형률을구하였다. 타격에너지산출은 25회측정값의산술평균을적용하였다. 다음으로타격주파수는유압브레이커피스톤과툴의단위시간당충돌횟수로나타내며원칙적으로타격주파수는타격에너지시험에사용한것과동일한조건에서측정되었다. 시험에서타격주파수는 5회의연속적인작동사이클시간의역수로산출되었다. 시험조건은오일펌프작동압력 bar, 출구압력 0.86 bar, 작동유량 LPM에서수행되었다. 한국기계연구원의성능시험측정불확도는 3.45% 이다. Fig. 9, 10은유압브레이커성능시험시테스트데이터를나타내며, 이러한데이터를이용하여실제타격에너지와분당타격수를환산하여계산한다. 측정된타격에너지는 4,945 J이었으며, 분당타격수는 155 RPM으로계산되었다. 앞에서도언급하였듯이오일압력 170 bar, 오일공급유량 350 LPM 조건에서타격에너지및분당타격수의해석값은 26,148 J, 148 RPM이었다. 해석값기준으로분당타격수는 4.7% 의오차를보였으며, 타격에너지는 81% 의오차를나타내었다. 4. 결론본논문에서는첫째로자체중량 6.5톤급전유압방식초대형유압브레이커개발을위한해석방법을연구하였으며, 둘째로해석결과를바탕으로실제시제품을설계, 제작하여시제품테스트를성공적으로수행하였다. 해석값기준으로시제품테스트시측정된분당타격수는 4.7% 의오차를보였으며, 타격에너지는 81% 의오차를나타내었다. 따라서본논문에서제안된해석방법은분당타격수예측은매우정확하게할수있지만, 타격에너지는매우큰오차가발생한다는것을확인할수있었다. 이는피스톤이움직일때실린더와의마찰등으로인한에너지손실, 피스톤과치즐이충돌할때반발에의한에너지손실, 그리고유압브레이커내부에서의버 퍼링등에의한공간손실등이없다고가정하여타격에너지를계산했기때문이다. 보다정확하게타격에너지를예측하기위해서는현재의정역학적해석방법이아닌, 피스톤의위치, 유압회로내오일의움직임, 마찰등을고려하는동역학적해석방법 [14] 이사용되어야하며이를위한추가적인연구를수행할예정이다. References [1] K. Choi, C. Song, A Study on the Performance Improvement of a Hydraulic Breaker, Proceedings of the 1998 KSPE Fall Conference, pp , [2] J. Lee, J. Ih, S. Park, T. Ha, J. Lim, Vibro-acoustic Design and Development of a Low-noise Hydraulic Breaker, Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp , [3] W. Sung, T. Noh, C. Song, "A Study on the Reducing the Return Line Pressure Fluctuation of the Hydraulic Breaker System," Journal of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 9, pp [4] S. H. Lee, C. S. Han, C. S. Song, "A Study on the Performance Improvement of a High Efficiency Hydraulic Breaker," Journal of the KSTLE, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp , [5] J. Ih, J. Lee, Development of a Low-noise Hydraulic Breaker, The 32 nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, August 25-28, [6] G. Lee, Y. B. Lee, D. S. Jeong, Development of the Hydraulic Pressure Transducer System for Testing the Impact Energy of Hydraulic Breaker, Journal of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp , [7] J. W. Park, H. E. Kim, Test System for Measuring the Impact Energy of a Hydraulic Breaker, Journal of the Korea Fluid Power Systems Society, Vo. 3, No. 1, pp , [8] B. Kim, M. Kim, D. Byun, S. Lee, S. Lee, A Study on the Structure Improvement of Bracket Housing for Structural Noise and Vibration Reduction in Hydraulic Breaker, Journal of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering, Vol. 23, No. 11, pp , [9] J. W. Park, K. W. Lee, H. E. Kim, A Study on the 3085

6 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 5 호, 2015 Analysis of Impact Strain for Hydraulic Breaker Chisel, Journal of the Korea Fluid Power Systems Society, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp , [10] J. K. Hur, B. K. Lee, K. Kim, Design of Side Damper Structure for Shock Absorbing of Hydraulic Breaker, Proceedings of the 2008 KSPE Spring Conference, pp , [11] S. Choi, H. W. Chang, Performance Improvement of an Integrated-type Fully-Hydraulic Breaker by Sensitivity Analysis, Journal of the Korea Fluid Power Systems Society, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp , [12] C. Kim, I. Kim, Noise Reduction of a Hydraulic Breaker by Change of a Chisel, Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp , DOI: [13] T. J. Ryoo, H. W. Chang, Performance Optimization of a Gas-Assisted Hydraulic Breaker with Dual Stroke, Journal of the Korea Fluid Power Systems Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp , [14] D. Shin, K. Kwon, A Study on Performance Optimization of a Hydraulic Breaker, Transactions of the KSME A, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp , DOI: [15] D. Y. Shin, K. B. Kwon, K. W. Lee, H. S. Choi, Summary of Recent Developments of Hydraulic Breakers, Journal of the Korea Fluid Power Systems Society, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp , [16] Y. K. Kang, Summary of Development of Atlas Copco Hydraulic Breaker, Journal of the Korea Fluid Power Systems Society, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp , 안규복 (Kyubok Ahn) [ 정회원 ] 2001 년 2 월 : 서울대학교항공우주공학과 ( 공학석사 ) 2005 년 8 월 : 서울대학교기계항공공학부 ( 공학박사 ) 2005 년 8 월 ~ 2013 년 8 월 : 한국항공우주연구원선임연구원 2013 년 9 월 ~ 현재 : 충북대학교기계공학부교수 < 관심분야 > 연소, 추진, 유체 3086

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