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1 Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 2012; 7(4): Online ISSN: Print ISSN: X Research Article Open Access 뇌졸중환자의장애특성에따른접촉감각자극이두점구별, 손기능및일상생활수행력에미치는효과 송보경 9) 보바스기념병원성인재활센터작업치료실 The Effect of Tactile Stimulation on Two Point Discrimination, Hand Function, and ADL in Impaired Characteristics of Stroke Patient Bo-Kyung Song, OT, PT. PhD Dept. of Occupational Therapy, Adult Rehabilitation Center, Bobath Memorial Hospital Received: September 5, 2012 / Revised: Octorber 10, 2012 / Accepted: October 15, 2012 c 2012 Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine Abstract PURPOSE: This study find out the effect of improved two point discrimination (TPD), hand function and activities of daily living (ADL) performance through tactile stimulus of upper limb (U/L) in impaired characteristics of stroke METHODS: We selected 26 stroke patients in BMH who has problems with neglect, sensory and motor deficits. Patients were divided into 3 group with neglect group (NG), sensorimotor deficits group (SMG) and motor deficit group (MG). To compare each group we used assessment tools such as two point discrimination on affected side (TPDas) and unaffected side (TPDus), Manual functional test on affected side (MFTas) and unaffected side (MFTus) and Korean version modified barthel index (K-MBI). RESULTS: 1) In the NG, tactile stimulus on U/L was Corresponding Author : bbo70@hanmail.net This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. statistically important for TPDas (forearm, index finger tip) also SMG and MDG was statistically important for TPDas. 2) In the NG, SMG, there was statistically important for MFTas, MFTus and in the MG. K-MBI also was statistically importance. Among three group, there was an statistically important difference for TPTus (forearm, thenar, hypothenar), MFTas and MFTus. We analyzed the relationship among TPD, MFT and K-MBI and There was negative relationship between TPD, MFT and There was positive relationship between TPD and K-MBI CONCLUSION: In impaired characteristics of stroke patients, tactile stimulus on U/L influenced on two point discrimination, hand function and ADL s. And we also found relationship among somatosensory, hand function, and ADL performance. Key Words: Stroke, Two point discrimination, Hand function, ADL performance

2 482 대한물리의학회지제 7 권제 4 호 Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 연구방법 뇌졸중은임상적으로뇌의침범부위에따라감각, 운동, 인지, 지각, 언어기능의손상및의식수준의변화등을포함한다양한손상을일으키며일반적으로뇌에병변이발생한부위의반대편에감각손상과근약화의특징을갖는다 (Dombovy 등. 1986). 이중감각손상을동반한뇌졸중환자의 50% 가접촉감각과고유수용성감각의손상과같은체감각손상이었고감각손상과운동기능의문제를동시에가지는뇌졸중환자의예후는순수하게운동기능에만문제가있는뇌졸중환자보다기능이저하된다고하였다 (Lin 등, 2004; Winward 등, 2002). 감각손상과근약화를동반한뇌졸중환자는자세의비대칭성, 체중이동능력의감소, 자세조절의어려움및보행에어려움을갖으며특히상지의체감각손상은손의촉각인식의결여, 물건의조작능력부족, 물건을쥘때힘조절의어려움과손과상지의비사용으로인하여상지기능의저하로이어진다 (Smania 등, 2003; Johannsen 등, 2006). 이러한자세조절및상지기능저하는일상생활활동수행의어려움으로연결되는데이는환자의신체적, 심리적인고통을주고활동저하에따른의욕상실과활동의의존성으로인한기능수행의좌절감을갖는다 (Pedretti와 Early, 2001). 편측무시, 감각및운동장애등을증진하기위하여시지각되먹임훈련, 경두개자기장과직류전류를이용한대뇌감각영역의자극, 전기자극을통한체감각증진, 과제중심훈련등과같은다양한치료방법이시도되고있으며최근많은논문에서치료의효과성이보고되었다 (Matjacic 등, 2003; Boggio 등, 2007; Alain 등, 2006). 하지만장애특성에따른뇌졸중환자의체감각자극을통한감각, 손기능및일상생활수행력의증진효과를설명한연구는적었다. 이에본연구는편측무시, 감각및운동손상을동반한뇌졸중환자에게접촉자극이치료전, 후두점구별, 손기능및일상생활수행능력에어떠한영향을주는지알아보고자한다. 1. 연구대상본연구는경기도분당에위치한보바스기념병원성인재활센터에내원한입원환자 26명을대상으로하였으며모든연구대상자에게연구목적, 연구내용및방법을설명하고연구에동의한후에진행을하였다. 그리고본연구에서정하는조건은다음과같다. 1) 신경과및재활의학과전문의로부터뇌졸중으로인한편마비진단을받은자. 2) 뇌졸중의발병일이 3개월에서 12개월사이로다시재발하지않은자 (Julkunen 등, 2005). 3) 환자의나이가 65세이하인자. 4) 혼자서앉아있거나보행이가능한자. 6) 뇌졸중진단외에외과질환, 시각장애및다른질환이없는자. 7) 한국형간이정신상태판별검사 (Korea version Mini Mental State Examination, K-MMSE) 점수가 21점에서 26 점의경도이상으로연구자의감각자극에정확히표현할수있는자 (Sim, 1998). 8) 연구의내용을이해하고적극적으로참여할것을동의한자. 본연구에동의한대상자의감각, 운동기능의손상정도, 편측무시여부등의사전검사를통하여감각운동손상군, 편측무시군및운동손상군으로나누어주 5회물리치료와작업치료를 6주간실시하였고별도로주 3회 40분간총 6주의접촉자극을 1인의치료사가동일한방법으로실시하였다. 또한치료전의사전평가를시행한후 2주마다 1회씩총 4회의두점구별검사, MFT, K-MBI를검사하여치료전, 후의변화를알아보았다. 2. 연구도구및측정방법 1) 접촉자극방법본연구에서적용된접촉자극은 Smania 등 (2003) 이제안한내용을참고하여치료내용을구성하였다. 먼저바르게앉은자세에서치료대위에마비측아래팔부위를접촉하고엄지손가락을고정한후 2번째에서 5번째손가락까지의짧아진근유의길이를조정하고내재근과함께고유감각을자극하였고손에통증이느껴지지않은범위에서치료도구를이용하여촉각, 촉각구별

3 뇌졸중환자의장애특성에따른접촉감각자극이두점구별, 손기능및일상생활수행력에미치는효과 483 등을자극하였다. 처음접촉자극을수행할때환자의시각을통해감각을인시시키고반복자극을할때시각을제한하여접촉자극의집중도를증가시켰다. 손의감각자극을위하여손뻗어물건잡기를함께시도하였는데환자가손을뻗어나무블록및다양한모양과크기의물건을잡도록하며쥐기는원통형모양의물체및막대등을이용하여공간에유지하도록하였다. 2) 감각검사 Julkunen 등 (2005) 이편마비환자에게적용한양적감각검사를사용하였다. 접촉감지검사는 Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments (Stoelting, IL, 미국 ) 를사용하여마비측및비마비측의아래팔부위, 손바닥의엄지두덩, 새끼손가락두덩, 엄지손가락과검지손가락손끝을측정하였다. 모노필라멘트 1.65 두께부터감각검사에적용하였다. 두점구별검사는 Dellon Disk-Criminator 2 Point (Sammons Preston, 미국 ) 를사용하여손끝 10mm, 엄지두덩, 새끼손가락두덩부위 20mm, 전완부 100mm로기준하여검사하였다. 3) 손기능검사 (Manual Function Test, MFT) 뇌졸중환자의손기능은일본동북대학교재활의학과에서개발한손기능평가 (MFT) 를사용하였다. 본검사는뇌졸중으로인한편마비환자의상지기능및동작능력측정검사도구로상지의운동기능회복정도를비교적객관적으로측정하고마비측과비마비측의상지를각각평가할수있는장점을동시에가지고있다 (Nakamura 등, 1994). 검사내용으로는상지운동 (4항목 ), 쥐기 (2항목), 손가락조작 (2항목) 등으로어깨의자발적운동각도를통한근력평가, 손의움직임범위정도, 쥐기능력, 운반능력등을평가할수있다. 또한본검사는상지기능회복과정과일상생활수행능력에있어서실용수준을반영하고객관적으로실시하기쉽게고안되어있다 (Kim, 1994). 뇌졸중환자를대상으로한 Miyamoto 등 (2009) 의연구에서검사및재검사신뢰도, 검사자간신뢰도모두 k=.95로검증되었고손의브론스트롬운동회복단계와의상관은 k=.80 이상으로높은상관성을나타내었다. 4) 한국판수정바델지수 (Korean version Modified Barthel Index, K-MBI) 호주의물리치료사 Barthel과의사 Mahoney가 1965년에고안한일상생활수행평가도구인 Barthel Index(BI) 를 Shah 등 (1989), Shah와 Muncer(2000) 가수정보완한 5판을우리나라실정에맞게일부항목을수정보완하여한국어로번역한후통계적인표준화과정을거쳐개발되었다 (Jung 등, 2007). 본검사는일상생활활동을 10개의세부항목으로나누고도움의정도에따라 5단계로점수화하고총점은 100점이다. 특히다른평가도구에비해평가의편리함, 높은정확도, 일관성, 민감도, 그리고통계처리의용이함등으로널리사용되며자조활동과운동성에대한훈련시지표가되었다 (Smith, 1993). K-MBI는검사자내신뢰도의스피어만상관계수 (Spearman s correlation coefficient) 가재활의학과교수, 재활의학과전공의, 작업치료사가각각 r= , r= 그리고 r= 으로매우높았으며검사자간신뢰도는 k= 로매우높게입증되었다 ( 정한영등, 2007). 3. 통계처리본연구의참여한대상자의일반적인특성및각집단군에실시한검사의평균과표준편차를알기위해기술분석을시행하였고대응표본비교검정 (paired t-test) 을실시하여접촉자극에대한각치료군의두점구별, 손기능및일상생활수행능력의전후차이를분석하였고총 4회의검사를통한세집단간의효과를알아보기위하여단순요인반복측정분산분석 (repeated ANOVA) 과사후검정을실시하였다. 또한두점구별, 손기능및일상생활활동수행능력과의상관성을알아보기위하여스피어만상관계수 (Spearmann correlation coefficient) 를이용하여분석하였고분석방법으로는 SPSS 12.0 통계프로그램을사용하였으며모든자료처리의유의수준은.05로검정하였다.

4 484 대한물리의학회지제 7 권제 4 호 Ⅲ. 연구결과 1. 연구대상자의일반적특성본연구에참여한전체대상자는총 26명으로남자 10명여자 16명이었다. 편측무시를가진환자는 9명, 감각및운동기능에손상을가진환자는 11명, 운동기능에만손상을가진환자는 6명이었다. 전체대상자의평균연령은 50.73세, 평균신장은 162.2cm, 평균체중은 60.75kg, 평균유병기간은 10.46개월이었으며환자의마비측은오른쪽편마비가 8명, 왼쪽편마비가 18명이었다. 뇌졸중의유형으로는뇌경색이 12명, 뇌출혈이 12명, 기타뇌종양이 2명이었다. 각치료군의특성으로편측무시군의성별은남자 3명, 여자 6명으로평균연령은 56.89세, 평균신장은 161.2cm, 평균체중은 62.04kg, 평균유병기간은 10.67개월이었다. 환자의마비측은 9명의환자모두가왼쪽편마비이었다. 뇌졸중의유형으로는뇌경색이 5명, 뇌출혈이 4명이었다. 감각운동손상군은남자 4명, 여자 7명으로평균연령은 45.18세, 평균신장은 cm, 평균체중은 60.51kg, 평균유병기간은 10개월이었다. 환자의마비측은오른쪽편마비가 5명, 왼쪽편마비가 6명이었다. 뇌졸중의유형으로는뇌경색이 4명, 뇌출혈이 5명, 뇌종양이 2명 이었다. 그리고운동손상군은남자 3명, 여자 3명으로평균연령은 51.67세, 평균신장은 cm, 평균체중은 59.1kg, 평균유병기간은 11개월이었다. 환자의마비측은오른쪽편마비가 3명, 왼쪽편마비가 3명이었으며뇌졸중의유형은뇌경색이 4명, 뇌출혈이 2명이었다 (Table 1). 2. 치료전, 후세치료군의두점구별의변화표 2와같이편측무시군은마비측두점구별은치료전, 후의전완부, 무지구, 소지구, 엄지손가락끝및검지손가락끝의구별간격이감소하였고전완부에서통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<.05). 비마비측두점구별은치료전후에변화를보였으며엄지손가락을제외한부위에서통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<.05). 감각운동손상군은마비측및비마비측에서치료전후에변화를보였고비마비측엄지, 검지손가락끝을제외한모든부위에서통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<.05). 운동손상군도마비측및비마비측에서치료전, 후에변화를보였고비마비측의소지구및엄지손가락끝을제외하고통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<.05)(table 2). Table 1. General characteristics of the subjects Variable Neglect group (n=9) Sensorimotor deficit group (n=11) Motor deficit group (n=6) Age(year) 56.89± ± ±19.01 Height(cm) ± ± ±6.86 Weight(kg) 62.04± ± ±8.39 Duration(month) 10.67± ± ±2.45 Infarction Type Hemorrhage Tumor Paretic side Right Left Gender Male Female M±SD: Mean±standard deviation

5 뇌졸중환자의장애특성에따른접촉감각자극이두점구별, 손기능및일상생활수행력에미치는효과 치료전, 후세치료군의손기능및일상생활수행력의변화표 3과같이편측무시군의마비측및비마비측의 MFT와 K-MBI는치료전, 후에서향상되었고통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<.05). 감각운동손상군의마비측및비마비측의 MFT와 K-MBI는치료전, 후에변화하였고통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<.05). 운동손상군의마비측및비마비측의 MFT와 K-MBI가치료전, 후에변화를보였으나 MFT은마비측과비마비측모두에서통계적으로유의하지않았고 (p>.05) K-MBI은통계적으로유의하였다 (p<.05)(table 3). 4. 접촉자극을통한세치료군간의두점구별, MFT 및 K-MBI 차이비교접촉자극을통한세치료군간의마비측의두점구별은무지구를제외한모든신체부위검사에서통계적으로유의한차이를보였고 (p<.05) 비마비측은무지구를제외한모든부위에서유의한차이를보였다 (p<.05). 세치료군간의마비측과비마비측의 MFT는양쪽모두통계적으로유의한차이를보였고 (p<.05) K-MBI는통계학적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다 (p>.05)(table 4, 5). Table 2. Comparison of TPDas and TPDunas within NG, SMDG and MDG NG SMDG MDG Variable Before test After test t p TPDas TPDus TPDas TPDus TPDas F 17.33± ± ** T 14.78± ± HT 14.33± ± TH-T 13.56± ± IN-T 12.78± ± F 11.78± ± ** T 9.56± ± * HT 10.00± ± * TH-T 5.00± ± IN-T 3.56± ± *** F 17.09± ± * T 14.00± ± * HT 13.18± ± * TH-t 10.36± ± ** IN-t 8.82± ± ** F 11.55± ± *** T 7.27± ± * HT 8.09± ± ** TH-t 3.91± ± IN-t 3.82± ± F 10.83± ± ** T 10.00± ± *** HT 9.00± ± ** TH-t 8.33± ± * IN-t 7.17± ± **

6 486 대한물리의학회지제 7 권제 4 호 MDG TPDus F 6.83± ± *** T 6.33± ± * HT 5.67± ± TH-t 3.67± ± IN-t 3.33± ± *** M±SD * p<.05 **p<.01 ***p<.00 NG: neglect group SMDG: sensorimotor deficit group MDG: motor deficit group TPDas: two point discrimination with affected side TPDus: two point discrimination with unaffected side F: forearm T: thenar HT: hypothenar TH-T: thumb tip IN-T: index finger tip Table 3. Comparison of MFTas, MFTus and K-MBI within NG, SMDG and MDG NG SMDG Variable Before test After test t p MFTas(point) 7.11± ± * MFTus(point) 28.77± ± ** K-MBI(point) 60.89± ± *** MFTas(point) 11.36± ± *** MFTus(point) 30.82± ± * K-MBI(point) 62.64± ± *** MFTas(point) 18.67± ± MDG MFTus(point) 30.50± ± K-MBI(point) 66.50± ± *** M±SD * p<.05 ** p<.01 *** p<.00 NG: neglect group SMDG: sensorimotor deficit group MDG: motor deficit group MFTas: manual function test in affected side MFTus: manual function test in unaffected side K-MBI: Korean version Modified Barthel index Table 4. Comparison of TPDas and TPDus among three groups TPDas Variable F p NG 17.00± ± ± ±3.25 F SMDG 17.09± ± ± ± ** MDG 10.33± ± ± ±2.04 NG 14.88± ± ± ±3.96 T SMDG 14.00± ± ± ± MDG 10.00± ± ± ±1.86 NG 14.50± ± ± ±3.11 HT SMDG 13.18± ± ± ± * MDG 9.00± ± ± ±1.33 NG 13.50± ± ± ±3.46 TH-T SMDG 10.36± ± ± ± * MDG 8.33± ± ± ±2.71 NG 12.63± ± ± ±3.62 IN-T SMDG 8.82± ± ± ± *** MDG 7.17± ± ± ±2.86

7 뇌졸중환자의장애특성에따른접촉감각자극이두점구별, 손기능및일상생활수행력에미치는효과 487 TPDas F T HT TH-T NG 11.63± ± ± ±1.60 SMDG 11.55± ± ± ±4.52 MDG 6.83± ± ± ±2.26 NG 9.25± ± ± ±1.06 SMDG 7.27± ± ± ±2.80 MDG 6.33± ± ± ±2.59 NG 9.88± ± ± ±1.46 SMDG 8.09± ± ± ±2.80 MDG 5.67± ± ± ±1.47 NG 4.75± ± ± ±1.06 SMDG 3.91± ± ± ±1.04 MDG 3.67± ± ± ±.52 NG 3.50± ± ± ± * * * IN-T SMDG 3.82± ± ± ± MDG 3.33± ± ± ±.00 M±SD * p<.05 **p<.01 ***p<.00 NG: neglect group SMDG: sensorimotor deficit group MDG: motor deficit group F: forearm T: thenar HT: hypothenar TH-T: thumb tip IN-T: index finger tip Table 5. Comparison of MFTas, MFTus and K-MBI among three groups MFTas (point) MFTus (point) K-MBI (point) Variable F p NG 7.50± ± ± ±8.89 SMDG 11.36± ± ± ±7.87 MDG 18.67± ± ± ±11.11 NG 28.88± ± ± ±1.41 SMDG 30.82± ± ± ±.92 MDG 30.50± ± ± ±1.10 NG 60.89± ± ± ±11.79 SMDG 62.64± ± ± ±7.78 MDG 66.50± ± ± ± * * M±SD * p<.05 NG: neglect group SMDG: sensorimotor deficit group MDG: motor deficit group MFTas: manual function test in affected side MFTus: manual function test in unaffected side, K-MBI: Korean version Modified Barthel Index 35 MF T * * * * Negl ect Sensor y-mot or def i ci t Mot or def i ci t Figure 1. Comparison of the MFT at 6 weeks follow-up test among three groups

8 488 대한물리의학회지제 7 권제 4 호 Table 6. Correlation of TPD, MFT and K-MBI at 6-weeks follow up test Variable TPD MFT K-MBI F T HT TH-T IN-T F 1 T.75 *** 1 TPD HT.71 ***.78 *** 1 TH-T.67 ***.84 ***.76 *** 1 IN-T.60 ***.74 ***.69 ***.92 *** 1 MFT -.38 *** -.46 *** -.36 *** -.48 *** -.55 *** 1 K-MBI -.27 ** -.37 ***.42 *** -.56 ***.32 ***.34 *** 1 **p<.01 ***p<.00 TPD: two point discrimination F: forearm T: thenar HT: hypothenar TH-T: thumb tip IN-T: index finger tip MFT: Manual Function Test K-MBI: Korean version Modified Barthel Index 5. 접촉자극에대한두점구별, 손기능및일상생활수행능력의상관관계비교접촉자극에대한세치료군의두점구별은전완부, 무지구, 소지구엄지손가락및검지손가락끝에서상관성을보였으며 MFT와두점구별은음의상관성을, K-MBI는양의상관성을보였고 MFT와 K-MBI도상관을보였다 (Table 6). Ⅳ. 고찰본연구는뇌졸중으로인한편측무시, 체감각손상및근약화등의여러가지장애특성을가진 26명의뇌졸중환자를대상으로 6주간손의접촉, 고유감각등의감각자극을통하여두점구별, 손기능및일상생활수행능력에미치는영향을알아보고자하였다. 본연구의 Smania 등 (2003) 이제안하여수정한 6주간의접촉자극은세치료군의두점구별에서유의한결과를나타내었다. Julkuken 등 (2005) 은뇌손상후접촉감지의회복은 3개월부터, 두점구별은 3개월에서 12개월사이에감각회복변화가일어났다고보고하였다. 하지만 Yekutiel과 Guttman(1993) 은손감각손상을동반한만성편마비환자를대상으로주 3회 6주간의체계적인감각자극훈련을시행하였는데촉각, 팔꿈치동작인식, 두점구별인식및입체인식등의감각기능에 유의한차이가있다고보고하였다. 즉, 감각손상으로인한회복은연령, 손상부위및발병후기간이회복기간에중요한변수로작용하지만 (Kotila 등, 1984) 체계적인감각훈련도감각기능회복에중요한요소라여겨진다. 따라서본연구에서진행된 6주간손의접촉자극은구점구별과같은감각기능향상에기여하였다고여겨진다. 본연구에서는뇌졸중환자의특성을따라크게편측무시군, 감각운동손상및운동손상군으로분류하여감각기능과손기능에어떠한효과를주는지알아보았다. 상지와손기능은손뻗기요소와물건조작에필요한손의쥐기, 조작요소로설명할수있다. 이러한기능은우선적으로시각정보와체감각정보의처리능력이필요한데특히공간내물체의위치와물체의특성의구별하는시각정보와손의접촉인식, 두점구별및입체인식은정확한과제를수행하는데필수적인요소로설명할수있다 (Shumway-Cook와 Woollacott, 2007). 또한손동작에관여하는대뇌피질척수로는대뇌피질의 6개부위와연관되어있는데전두엽의 1차운동영역 31%, 전운동영역과보완운동영역 29% 로전체의 60%, 두정엽과 1차체감각영역에서 40% 로감각영역이큰역할을담당한다 (Haines와 Duane, 2006). 이러한내용을토대로손기능은감각기능과강한상관성을갖는다고생각된다. 본연구의접촉자극은접촉, 감지구별을증진시키고손의외, 내재근의근활성도를증가시켰다. 이러한훈련과정은 1차적으로접촉

9 뇌졸중환자의장애특성에따른접촉감각자극이두점구별, 손기능및일상생활수행력에미치는효과 489 감지, 두점구별향상, 물체인식등의감각기능과 2차적으로손기능을향상에도움을주었을것으로사료된다. Pastor 등 (2006) 은시간과거리의변화에따라두점을구별할때전보조운동영역과앞쪽띠이랑피질영역의뇌활성도가증가한다고보고하였는데이러한연구결과는구점구별향상은대뇌피질척수로의기능향상에도움이되는것으로해석된다. 또한 Olson 등 (2003) 의연구에서하두정엽손상환자를대상으로실시한연구에서시각이나고유감각을제외한접촉자극이환자집중력및구별력을증가시켰다고보고하였다는데이는편측무시를발생시키는하두정엽손상환자의감각기능향상은집중력및구별력증가로과제수행시간및손의사용에많은시간을참여할수있으리라사료된다. 본연구의 MFT 검사는모든치료군에서향상을보였고세치료군사이에서도통계적으로유의한차이를보였다. 이는세치료군에게동일하게시행된접촉자극과정이접촉감지, 두점구별및물체인식력및손기능에영향을주었을것으로사료된다. 또한세치료군의마비측과비마비측손기능의향상은일상생활수행능력에도도움을주었을것으로생각된다. 이는 Lee과 Kim(2001) 의뇌졸중환자의일상생활활동에영향을미치는요소로입원시건측상지및손기능과일상생활동작수행간에상관성이있다는연구와유사한결과를보였다. 본연구는접촉자극이일상생활수행능력에어떠한변화를주는지알아보고자 K-MBI 검사를실시하였는데세치료군내에서유의한차이를보였으나세치료군사이에서는통계학적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다. 이는신체기능중에서상지및손은일상생활활동수행과작업능력을위해가장중요한부분이며뇌손상으로인하여체간및상지기능에감각손상및근약화가발생되면자세유지및손기능저하로일상생활동작을어렵게만들어독립적인수행에어려움을준다 (Cirstea와 Levin, 2000). 본연구에서마비측및비마비측의손기능의향상은일상생활수행력에도움을주었지만뇌졸중환자의일상생활활동을수행하는데있어보상기술의습득과지각, 인지의손상및회복상태, 잘계획된반복훈련등이큰영향을미치며일상생활활동의수행능력향상에는감각기능, 운동기능뿐만아니라지각기능, 인지기능및체계적인운동학습과정이필요하다고여겨진다 (Filiatrault 등, 1991). 마지막으로본연구는접촉자극에따른세치료군의두점구별, 손기능및일상생활수행능력의상관성을알아보기위하여상관분석을진행하였는데두점구별과손기능에서상관성을보였고일상생활수행능력은모든요소와상관성을보였다. 이러한결과는뇌졸중환자의손의체감각을이용한치료접근이손기능뿐만아니라자세조절및일상생활수행능력증진에상관요소로작용할수있음을시사한다. 따라서임상에서뇌졸중환자의접촉및고육감각증진은감각기능의증진, 손기능및자세조절과같은신체기능뿐만아니라일상생활수행능력과같은활동기능에도중요한변수로작용할수있다고하겠다. 본연구의제한점은접촉자극을실시한시간이외의환경을통제하기어려웠으며장애특성에따라환자를분류하였기에모든뇌졸중환자에게일반화하여해석하는데어려움이있을것으로사료된다. Ⅴ. 결론본연구는편측무시, 감각및운동손상의특성을가진뇌졸중환자 26명을대상으로편측무시군 9명, 감각운동손상군 11명, 운동손상군 6명으로구성하여 6주간주5회의물리, 작업치료와별도의주3회접촉감지, 접촉구별자극을통하여두점구별, 손기능및일상생활수행능력의효과를알아보았고다음과같은결과를얻었다. 편측무시군마비측부위의전완부, 검지손가락끝과감각운동손상군및운동손상군마비측부위의두점구별에서통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<.05). 편측무시군과감각운동손상군의마비측과비마비측부위의 MFT에서통계적으로유의한차이를보였고 (p<.05) 운동손상군의 K-MBI에서통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<.05). 세치료군간의마비측부위는무지구를제외한모든부위에서, 비마비측부위는전완부, 무지구, 소지구에서두점구별이통계적으로유의한차이를

10 490 대한물리의학회지제 7 권제 4 호 보였다 (p<.05). 세치료군간의마비측및비마비측 MFT는통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<.05) 세치료군간의일상생활수행능력은통계적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다 (p>.05). 두점구별, MFT 및 K-MBI 간의상관분석에서두점구별과 MFT는음의상관성을, K-MBI에서양의상관성을보였고 MFT와 K-MBI에서도상관성을보였다. 이상의결과로볼때 6주동안의접촉자극은뇌졸중환자의감각기능, 손기능, 일상생활수행능력증진에효과적이었다. 참고문헌 Alain L, Helene P & Sylvie N. Task-oriented intervention in chronic stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006; 85(10): Boggio PS, Nunes A, Rigonatti SP et al. Repeated sessions of noninvasive brain DC stimulation is associated with motor function improvement in stroke patients. Restor Neurol Neurosci.2007;25(2): Cirstea MC & Levin MF. Compensatory strategies for reaching in stroke. Brain. 2000;123(5): Dombovy ML, Sandok BA & Basford JR. Rehabilitation for stroke: a review. Stroke. 1986;17(3): Filiatrault J, Arsenault AB, Dutil E et al. Motor function and activities of daily living assessments: a study of three tests for persons with hemiplegia. Am J Occup Ther. 1991;.45(9): Haines I & Duane E. Fundamental neuroscience for basic and clinical applications. 3rd ed. Philadelpia. Churchill Livingstone Johannsen L, Broetz D & Karnath HO. Leg orientation as a clinical sign for pusher syndrome. BMC Neurol. 2006;6(1):30. Julkuken L, Tenvno O, Jaaskelainen SK et al. Recovery of somatosensory deficits in acute stroke. Acta Neurol Scand. 2005;111(6): Jung HY, Park BK, Shin HS et al. Development of the korean version of modified barthel index (K-MBI): multicenter study for subjects with stroke. J Korean Acad Rehabil Med. 2007;31(3): Kim MY. A study of manual functional test for C.V.A. The Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy. 1994;2(1): Kotila M, Waltimo O, Niemi M et al. The profile of recovery from stroke and factors influencing outcome. Stroke. 1984;15(6): Lee TY & Kim JW. Factor analysis of elemets affecting activities of daily living in stroke patients. The Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy. 1994;2(1): Lin JH, Hsueh IP, Sheu CF et al. Psychometric properties of the sensory scale of the fugl-meyer assessment in stroke patients. Clin Rehabil. 2004;18(4): Matjacic Z, Hesse S & Sinkjaer T. Balance retrainer: a new standing-balance training apparatus and methods applied to a chronic hemiparetic subject with a neglect syndrom. Neuro Rehabilitation. 2003;18(3): Miyamoto S, Kondo T, Suzukamo Y et al. Reliability and validity of the manual function test in patients with stroke. Am J Phys Med. 2009;88(3): Nakamara H, Jorgenson HS, Raaschou HO et al. Compensation in recovery of upper extremity function after stroke: the copenhagen study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75(10): Olson E, Stark M & Chatterjee A. Evidence for a unimodal somatosensory attention system. Exp Brai Res. 2003; 151(1): Pastor MA, Macaluso E, Day BL et al. The neural basis of temporal auditory discrimination. Neuroimage. 2006; 30(2): Pedretti LW & Early MB. Occupational therapy practice skills for physical dysfunction 5th ed. St Louis Mosby Shah S & Muncer S. Sensitivity of shah, vanclay and cooper s modified barthel index. Clin Rehabil. 2000;14(5):

11 뇌졸중환자의장애특성에따른접촉감각자극이두점구별, 손기능및일상생활수행력에미치는효과 491 Shah S, Vanclay F & Cooper B. Improving the sensitivity of the barthel index for stroke rehabilitation. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42(8): Shumway-Cook A & Woollacott MH. Motor control translating research into clinical practice. 3rd ed. Baltimore. Lippincott William & Wilkins Sim HS. One year follow up study of the MMSE-K in the elderly. Korea Univeristy Graduate School. Master s thesis Smania N, Montagnana B, Faccioli S et al. Rehabilitation of somatic sensation and related deficit of motor control in patients with pure sensory stoke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(11): Smith A. Beware of the barthel. Physiotherapy. 1993;79(12): Tamura Y, Hoshiyama M, Inui K et al. Central mechanisms for two-point discrimination in humans. Neurosci Lett. 2003;342(3): Winward CE, Halligan PW & Wade DT. The rivermead assessment of somatosensory performmance (RASP): standardization and reliability data. Clin Rehabil. 2002;16(5): Yekutiel M & Guttman E. A controlled trial of the retraining of the sensory function of the hand in stroke patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993;56(3):241-4.

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