증의정도를반영한다는보고가있는반면 [7, 9], Olafsdottir 등 [8] 은 hs-crp 농도가증가하지않았다고하였다. 국내에는알레르기질환에서혈청 ECP와 hs-crp의연관성에대한보고가없다. 본연구에서는알레르기및염증질환에서 ECP와 hs-crp의의의를알아보기위하여혈
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1 원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 2, No. 1: 20-27, January 임상화학 알레르기및염증성질환에서호산구양이온단백과고감도 C- 반응성단백의의의 Significance of Serum Eosinophil Cationic Protein and High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Allergic and Non-Allergic Inflammatory Diseases 장우리 1 최종원 1 남정현 1 문연숙 1 김진주 1 김정희 2 임대현 2 Woo Ri Jang, M.D. 1, Jong Weon Choi, M.D. 1, Chung Hyun Nahm, M.D. 1, Yeon Sook Moon, M.D. 1, Jin Ju Kim, M.D. 1, Jeong Hee Kim, M.D. 2, Dae Hyun Lim, M.D. 2 인하대학교의과대학진단검사의학교실 1, 소아청소년과학교실 2 Departments of Laboratory Medicine 1 and Pediatrics 2, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the significance of serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-crp) levels in children with allergic diseases and non-allergic inflammatory diseases, and to assess the relationships between serum ECP levels and inflammatory parameters. Methods: In this study, we included 146 children with allergic diseases, 76 children with non-allergic inflammatory diseases, and 25 control subjects. Serum concentrations of ECP, hs-crp, total IgE, and allergen-specific IgE were measured. Results: Serum ECP levels (77.5±88.2 μg/l) of patients with allergic diseases were significantly higher than those of the patients with non-allergic inflammatory diseases (42.2±58.8 μg/l) and control subjects (12.7±4.2 μg/l) (P <0.001, respectively). The serum ECP levels in patients with non-allergic inflammatory diseases were also significantly higher than those in the controls (42.2±58.8 vs. 12.7±4.2 μg/l; P <0.001). The hs-crp levels were significantly higher in patients with allergic diseases than in the controls (0.4±0.9 vs. 0.1±0.2 mg/dl; P <0.05). No significant relationship was observed between serum ECP and hs-crp levels in the allergic patients (r=0.09, P >0.05). Conclusions: Measurement of serum ECP and hs-crp concentrations can be helpful in the clinical evaluation and monitoring of patients with allergic diseases. No significant correlation was observed between serum ECP and hs-crp levels in allergic patients, thereby suggesting that elevated levels of ECP do not necessarily reflect the degree of systemic inflammation in allergic diseases. Key Words: Eosinophil cationic protein, High sensitivity C-reactive protein, Eosinophil, Immunoglobulin E, Allergic disease 서론 호산구는알레르기천식, 위장관염, 심근질환, 종양, 기생충감 염, 세균감염, 바이러스감염등에서염증반응에관여하는세포로 [1, 2], 표적세포에부착한후활성화되어과립내용물과산화물을 Corresponding author: Jong Weon Choi, M.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Shinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon , Korea TEL: , FAX: , jwchoi@inha.ac.kr Received: May 2, 2011 Revision received: September 21, 2011 Accepted: September 29, 2011 This article is available from , Laboratory Medicine Online This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 분비하여조직을손상시키고세포기능의장애를일으킨다. 호산구양이온단백 (eosinophil cationic protein, ECP) 은활성화된호산구의과립에서분비되는단백중한종류로호산구매개염증질환에서호산구의활성도를간접적으로측정할수있는생물학적지표로이용되고있다 [1]. ECP는세균, 바이러스등의용해와신경독성, 심혈관독성, 호흡기상피세포독성을나타내며혈청, 혈장, 기관지폐포세척액, 가래, 비강세척액, 타액, 대변, 소변등에서측정이가능하다 [3, 4]. 특히혈청 ECP는쉽게측정할수있어호산구성염증에의한질병에서진단과치료효과를평가하고질병의악화를예측하는데유용한것으로밝혀지고있다 [5, 6]. 최근에급성기반응물질인고감도 C-반응단백 (hs-crp) 농도를알레르기질환의염증반응평가에활용하려는연구들이이루어지고있다 [7, 8]. Hs-CRP는염증질환의감별, 경과관찰및예후판정에유용하게사용되고있지만알레르기성염증질환에서는연구가드물다. 알레르기천식환자에서혈청 hs-crp 농도가호산구성염 20 eissn
2 증의정도를반영한다는보고가있는반면 [7, 9], Olafsdottir 등 [8] 은 hs-crp 농도가증가하지않았다고하였다. 국내에는알레르기질환에서혈청 ECP와 hs-crp의연관성에대한보고가없다. 본연구에서는알레르기및염증질환에서 ECP와 hs-crp의의의를알아보기위하여혈청 ECP와말초혈액호산구수, 총 IgE 농도를조사하였고, 호산구로부터혈중으로유리된고농도 ECP 화학물질과생체내염증지표인 hs-crp 농도가상관성이있는지조사하였다. 또한알레르기감작이없는순수한염증성환자에서도알레르기지표인 ECP 농도가상승하는지를알아보았다. 대상및방법 1. 대상 Table 1. Characteristics of the study population 알레르기성소아환자 146명, 비알레르기성염증질환을가진소아환자 76명과대조군으로정상소아 25명을대상으로하였다. 알레르기환자군은 4개월부터 14세까지의소아 146명으로성별분포는남아 98명, 여아 48명이었고중간연령은 5.0세이었다. 알레르기환자군의선별은알레르기임상증상이있고혈청총 IgE 농도가증가했으며계란흰자, 우유, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae 항원에대한혈청특이 IgE 검사에서한종류이상의알레르겐에양성반응을보인경우로하였다. 내원시감염성질환이있거나 38.3 이상의발열이있는환자는알레르기환자군에서제외하였다 [10]. 알레르기환자군의진단은알레르기비염 (53명), 알레르기천식 (46명), 아토피피부염 (38명), 음식알레르기 (5명), 두드러기 (4명 ) 로구성되어있었다. 염증성환자군은남아 41명, 여아 35명으로연령분포는 3개월부터 12세까지 ( 중간연령 : 3.0세 ) 였으며, 폐렴 (30명), 부비동염 (20명), 급성중이염 (9명), 기관지염 (8명), 세기관지염 (4명 ), 비염 (1명 ), 기타감염 (4명 ) 환자들이었다. 염증성환자군의선별은 4가지알레르겐에대한특이 IgE 검사가모두음성이고, 총 IgE 농도가정상이며, 염증반응에의한임상증상이있고, hs-crp 농도가증가된환자로하였다. 대조군은알레르기질환의과거력이나현증이없는소아 25명으로연령분포는 1세부터 14세, 중간연령은 7.0 세로, 남아 17명, 여아 8명이었다 (Table 1). 총 IgE, 특이 IgE, ECP, hs-crp 검사는환자가처음외래방문시채혈하여얻은검체로시행하였으며, 즉시검사를시행하지못한일부의 ECP와 hs-crp 측정은 -70 냉동고에보관하였던혈청을이용하였다. 본연구는인하대학병원임상연구심의위원회 (IRB) 의심의를통과하였다. 1) 혈청 ECP 농도혈액을혈청분리관 (serum separating tube; SST, Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) 에채혈하고실온에서 1-2 시간동안 응고유도후 2,200 g 에서 10 분간원심분리하여혈청을분리하 였다. ECP 농도는 Immulite 2000 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA) 을사용하여화학발광면역측정법 (chemiluminescent immunoassay) 으로측정하였다. 혈청 ECP 농도의 증가는 19 ng/ml 이상으로하였다 [11]. 2) Hs-CRP 농도 Hs-CRP 농도측정은 Hitachi 7180 autoanalyzer (Hitachi High- Technologies Corp., Tokyo, Japan) 장비및 Pureauto-S CRP latex (DAIICHI, Tokyo, Japan) 시약을사용하여라텍스응집비탁법으로 분석하였고측정범위는 mg/dl 이었다. 3) 전체혈구계산 자동혈구수검사기기인 ADVIA 2120 (Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA) 를이용하여말초혈액전체혈구계산과백혈구감 별계산을시행하였다. Allergy Patients Non-allergic inflammation 4) 혈청총 IgE 농도와 UniCAP 특이 IgE 농도 Controls Number of patients Median age (range) 5.0 (0.3-14) 3.0 (0.2-12) 7.0 (1-14) Gender (female/male) 48/98 35/41 8/17 Diagnosis (number of patients) Allergic rhinitis (53) Pneumonia (30) Asthma (46) Sinusitis (20) Atopic dermatitis (38) Acute otitis media (9) Food allergy (5) Bronchitis (8) Urticaria (4) Bronchiolitis (4) Rhinitis (1) Other inflammations* (4) *Other inflammations: fever (1), enteritis (2), and chronic cough (1). 혈청내총 IgE 농도는 Coat-A Count Total IgE IRMA (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA) 로측정하였다. 연령 별 IgE 의참고치는 1 세미만은 15 IU/mL 이하, 1 세부터 2 세미만은 IU/mL, 2 세부터 3 세미만은 32 IU/mL 이하, 3 세부터 9 세미만 은 101 IU/mL 이하, 9 세부터 15 세미만은 IU/mL 로하였다 [12]. 특이 IgE 검사는 UniCAP100E (Phadia AB, Uppsala, Sweden) 을이용하여계란흰자 (f1), 우유 (f2), D. pteronyssinus (d1), D. farinae (d2) 의네가지항원에대하여검사를시행하였으며 class 0-6 의일곱단계로판독하였고 class 1 이상을양성으로판정하였다 [13]
3 2. 통계분석 결과는평균값 ± 표준편차값 ( 중앙값 : 범위 ) 으로표시하였다. 통 계분석은 SPSS v12.0k 프로그램 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 을사 용하였으며 P 값이 0.05 미만인경우유의하다고판단하였다. 두집 단간의지표비교는 Mann-Whitney s U test 를이용하였다. 혈청 ECP 농도와여러지표들사이의상관관계는 Pearson s correlation coefficient 를이용하여분석하였다. 1. 환자군과대조군의비교 결과 알레르기환자군의혈청 ECP 농도는 77.5±88.2 μg/l 로대조군 의 12.7±4.2 μg/l 보다유의하게증가하였다 (P <0.001). Hs-CRP 농도도알레르기환자군에서 0.4±0.9 mg/dl 로대조군의 0.1±0.2 mg/dl 보다증가하였다 (P = 0.004). 염증환자에서도 ECP 와 hs-crp 가각각 42.2±58.8 μg/l, 2.2±2.2 mg/dl 로대조군에비해유의 하게증가하였다 (P <0.001). 말초혈액백혈구수, 호중구수, 단핵구 수도두환자군모두에서대조군보다증가되었다 (P <0.05). 말초혈 Table 2. ECP, WBC, hs-crp, and total IgE levels in the patient and control s Allergy (N=146) Patients (N=222) Non-allergic inflammation (N=76) Controls (N=25) ECP (μg/l) 77.5±88.2* 42.2± ±4.2 (49.9: ) (24.2: ) (14.5: ) WBCs ( 10 3 /μl) 9.9±3.3* 10.2± ±1.8 WBC differential counts ( 10 3 /μl) (9.4: ) (9.3: ) (6.9: ) Neutrophils 4.6±2.8* 5.3± ±1.3 (3.8: ) (4.6: ) (3.0: ) Lymphocytes 3.9± ± ±0.7 (3.3: ) (3.0: ) (2.8: ) Monocytes 0.4±0.2* 0.6± ±0.1 (0.4: ) (0.6: ) (0.3: ) Eosinophils 0.6±0.5* 0.2± ±0.1 (0.4: ) (0.1: ) (0.2: ) Basophils 0.07± ± ±0.07 (0.05: ) (0.1: ) (0.05: ) hs-crp (mg/dl) 0.4±0.9* 2.2± ±0.2 (0.08: ) (1.1: ) (0.04: ) Total IgE (IU/mL) 450.8± ±23.0 NA (352.2: ,000) (11.9: ) Data are expressed as mean±sd (median: range). *P <0.05, allergy vs. control; P <0.05, non-allergic inflammation vs. control; P <0.05, allergy vs. non-allergic inflammation. Abbreviations: ECP, eosinophil cationic protein; WBC, white blood cell; hs-crp, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; NA, not applicable. 액호산구수는알레르기환자 (0.6± /μl) 에서는대조군 (0.2 ± /μl) 보다유의하게증가하였지만 (P <0.001), 염증환자 (0.2± /μl) 에서는대조군과차이를보이지않았다. 말초혈 액림프구수와호염기구수는환자군과대조군간에유의한차이 가없었다 (Table 2). 2. 알레르기환자군과염증환자군의비교 알레르기환자는염증환자보다혈청 ECP, 말초혈액호산구수가 현저히증가하였다 (P <0.001). 알레르기환자군은혈청총 IgE 가 증가한개체에서선별하였는데, IgE 농도는알레르기에서 450.8± IU/mL 였고, 염증환자군에서 21.8±23.0 IU/mL 이었다. 염증 환자군은 hs-crp 가증가한환자를대상으로하였고, hs-crp 와말 초혈액단핵구수는염증환자에서알레르기환자보다유의하게증 가되었다 (P <0.001) (Table 2). 3. 혈청 ECP, hs-crp 농도와염증지표들간의상관관계 혈청 ECP 와 hs-crp 농도, 말초혈액의백혈구수, 호중구수, 단핵 구수, 호산구수, 혈청총 IgE 결과의상관성은 Table 3 에요약하였 다. 알레르기환자군에서 ECP 는말초혈액호산구수와가장뚜렷한 상관관계를보였으며 (r = 0.44, P <0.001) 말초혈액의백혈구수 (r = 0.39, P <0.001), 단핵구수 (r = 0.27, P = 0.001), 호중구수 (r = 0.22, P = 0.008) 순으로 ECP 와상관관계가있었다. 염증환자군에서도 ECP 와관계는말초혈액호산구수 (r = 0.52, P <0.001), 단핵구수 (r = 0.34, P = 0.003), 백혈구수 (r = 0.32, P = 0.005) 순으로유의한상 관성을보였다. Hs-CRP 는알레르기질환, 염증질환군모두에서말 초혈액호중구수와가장높은상관관계를보였다 ( 알레르기질환 : r = 0.44, P <0.001; 염증질환 : r = 0.45, P <0.001). 그러나 hs-crp 와 Table 3. Correlation coefficients of serum ECP and hs-crp levels versus other variables in allergy, non-allergic inflammation, and control s Serum ECP concentration Allergy Non-allergic inflammation Correlation coefficients (r) Control Serum hs-crp concentration Allergy Non-allergic inflammation Control Hs-CRP NA NA NA WBCs 0.39* 0.32* * 0.41* 0.21 WBC differential counts Neutrophils 0.22* * 0.45* 0.12 Monocytes 0.27* 0.34* * Eosinophils 0.44* 0.52* Total IgE NA NA *Statistically significant (P <0.05). Abbreviations: ECP, eosinophil cationic protein; WBC, white blood cell; hs-crp, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; NA, not applicable
4 혈청총 IgE는두환자군모두에서혈청 ECP와상관관계가없었다. 대조군에서는분석한모든지표가 ECP와상관성이없었다. 혈청 ECP 농도가상위 10% 이내, 하위 10% 이내인환자들의 hs- CRP 농도를비교분석하였다. 알레르기환자에서 ECP 농도가상위 10% 이었던 15명과하위 10% 이었던 15명의 hs-crp 농도는각각 0.50±0.94 mg/dl와 0.22±0.46 mg/dl로유의한차이가없었다. 염증환자군에서도 ECP가상위 10% 와하위 10% 인환자들의 hs- CRP 농도 (1.97±1.14 vs 1.25±0.80 mg/dl) 는유의한차이를보이지않았다 (Table 4). 두환자군을말초혈액호산구수 /L 이상인군과 /L 미만인군으로분류하여혈청 ECP 농도와비교하였다. 알레르기환자의호산구수증가군과미만군의 ECP 농도는각각 93.1 ±81.4 μg/l, 47.7±96.6 μg/l로두군간의유의한차이를보였다 (P <0.001). 염증환자군에서도호산구수가증가한환자에서혈청 ECP 농도가 98.3±105.7 μg/l로호산구수가정상인환자의 29.5± 31.4 μg/l보다유의하게증가하였다 (P = 0.001). 특히, 호산구수가 /L 미만일때두환자군의혈청 ECP 농도를비교한결과, 알레르기환자에서염증성환자보다유의하게증가하는것으로나타났다 (P = 0.043). 대조군에서는말초혈액호산구수가증가한군과정상인군사이에 ECP 농도의차이가관찰되지않았다 (P = 0.216) (Table 5). 4. 음식항원과흡입성항원알레르기환자의비교알레르기환자군에서계란흰자, 우유, D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae의네가지항원에대한특이 IgE 검사결과를음식항원에양성인군과흡입성항원에양성인군으로분류하여혈청 ECP, WBC, hs-crp 농도, 총 IgE 농도를비교하였다. 음식항원에양성인환자들의혈청 ECP 농도는 81.4±86.6 μg/l이었고흡입성항원에양성인경우는 81.3±98.9 μg/l으로대조군의 12.7±4.2 μg/l보다 ECP 농도가증가하였다. 그러나, 알레르겐유형에따라혈청 ECP 농도가차이를보이지는않았다 (P = 0.972). 말초혈액호산구수도알레르겐유형에따른차이는없었으나 (P = 0.896), hs-crp와총 IgE 농도는흡입성항원에양성인환자에서음식항원에양성인환자보다 증가하는것으로나타났다 (P <0.05) (Table 6). 고찰 혈청 ECP 는호산구활성을반영하는지표이고알레르기질환과 천식에서호산구성염증반응을평가하는물질로임상적으로유용 하게사용되고있다 [3]. 또다른염증지표인 hs-crp 는간세포에서 분비되는급성기반응단백으로감염, 자가면역질환, 심근경색증, 당 뇨등의염증질환의감별, 경과관찰및예후판정에사용된다. 본 연구에서는혈청 ECP 와 hs-crp 농도가알레르기및염증질환의 평가에도움이되는지를조사하였다. ECP 농도측정은다양한검체에서가능하지만혈청검사가임상 적으로가장흔히사용되고있다. 본연구에서도혈청검사를시행 하였으며대조군의평균값이 12.7 μg/l 이었다. 다수의연구에서정 상인의혈청 ECP 농도를보고하였는데, 1 개월부터 12 세까지소아 51 명을대상으로한연구에서는평균농도가 μg/l 이었고 [14], 9-16 세의소아 16 명에서는 12 μg/l 으로 [15] 본연구의결과와크게 차이를보이지않았다. 그러나, 여러연구들에서중앙값이 7.1 에서 19.7 μg/l 로차이를보였는데 [3] 이렇게다양한결과를보이는이 Table 5. Mean values of serum ECP concentrations in relation to blood eosinophil counts in allergy, non-allergic inflammation, and control s ECP concentrations (μg/l) Eosinophils < /L Eosinophils /L * P value Allergy (N=143) 47.7± ±81.4 <0.001 (27.6: ) (63.3: ) Non-allergic Inflammation 29.5± ± (N=76) (21.9: ) (64.5: ) Control (N=22) 12.9± ± (15.5: ) (8.5: ) *Cut-off point for eosinophil count ( /L); Number of subjects with eosinophil count /L (N=2); Statistically significant (P =0.043); allergy with eosinophil count < /L vs. inflammation with eosinophil count < /L. Abbreviation: ECP, eosinophil cationic protein. Table 4. hs-crp concentrations on the basis of upper and lower 10 percentile of ECP levels in allergy and non-allergic inflammation Allergy (N=30) Non-allergic inflammation (N=16) Upper 10 percentile of ECP Lower 10 percentile of ECP Upper 10 percentile of ECP Lower 10 percentile of ECP ECP (μg/l) 284.1± ± ± ±2.1 (267.0: ) (11.9: ) (149.0: ) (6.1: ) hs-crp (mg/dl) 0.50±0.94* 0.22± ±1.14* 1.25±0.80 (0.10: ) (0.05: ) (1.94: ) (0.92: ) *P >0.05, upper 10 percentile of ECP vs. lower 10 percentile of ECP. Data are expressed as mean±sd (median: range). Abbreviations: ECP, eosinophil cationic protein; hs-crp, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
5 Table 6. ECP, WBC, hs-crp, and total IgE levels between food allergy and inhalant allergy in allergy patients 유는혈청호산구과립단백농도가계절과시간, 채혈방법등에따 라변하고, 특히 ECP 농도는채혈후검체보관시간과온도, 원심 분리, 보관상태에의해큰영향을받기때문으로생각된다 [3, 6]. 따라서, 검사결과에영향을미치는요인들의영향을최소화하기 위하여일정한시간에채혈하고검사방법의표준화가필요할것으 로생각된다. Food allergy Inhalant allergy (Egg or White milk, N=44) (D.P. or D.F., N=76) 혈청 ECP 농도는천식, 알레르기비염, 두드러기, 아토피피부염 등에서증가하는것으로보고 [16-19] 되었는데, 본연구에서도알레 르기환자군에서혈청 ECP 농도가증가하였다. 알레르기질환이 두가지이상중복되어있는경우가많아질병별로세부적으로분 류하여비교하기는어려웠지만, 이들질환들이호산구활성화와 연관되어있음을추정할수있었다. P value ECP (μg/l) 81.4± ± (47.9: ) (51.3: ) WBCs ( 10 3 /μl) 10.8± ± WBC differential counts ( 10 3 /μl) (10.3: ) (8.4: ) Neutrophils 3.2± ±3.2 <0.001 (3.0: ) (4.0: ) Lymphocytes 5.8± ±1.0 <0.001 (5.3: ) (2.9: ) Monocytes 0.5± ± (0.4: ) (0.4: ) Eosinophils 0.7± ± (0.4: ) (0.5: ) Basophils 0.09± ± (0.07: ) (0.05: ) hs-crp (mg/dl) 0.2± ± (0.06: ) (0.09: ) Total IgE (IU/mL) 195.7± ±289.4 <0.001 (121.0:21.5-1,000) (532.2: ,000) Abbreviations: D.P., Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; D.F., D. farinae; ECP, eosinophil cationic protein; WBC, white blood cell; hs-crp, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. 지금까지알레르기질환에서혈청 ECP 와 hs-crp 농도의상관성 에대해서는천식환자에서상관관계가있는것으로보고되었다 [7, 9, 20]. 그러나, 본연구의알레르기환자군에서는혈청 ECP 와 hs- CRP 농도는서로상관관계가없었으며, 더욱이 ECP 농도가현저 히증가한군과증가하지않은군에서 hs-crp 농도의유의한차이 가없었다. 이것은 ECP 농도의증가가 hs-crp 농도에반드시영향 을미치지는않는것을의미하며, ECP 는전신염증의정도를반영 하지는않는것으로생각된다. 또한알레르기, 염증환자군모두에 서혈청 ECP 는말초혈액호산구수와가장상관관계가높았지만, hs-crp는말초혈액호산구수와유의한상관성이없었고말초혈액호중구수와상관관계가더큰결과도이러한결론을뒷받침한다. Hs-CRP 농도는알레르기질환에서의평가는드물었고, 대부분은천식환자를대상으로한연구였으며결과도보고자마다상이하였다. Zietkowski 등 [9, 20] 은천식환자에서혈청 hs-crp 농도가증가하며기관지수축이일어나면농도가더욱증가한다고하였지만, hs-crp 농도는알레르기천식과는연관성이없고비알레르기천식과연관성이있다는상반된연구결과도보고되었다 [8, 21]. 본연구에서는알레르기질환에서혈청 hs-crp 농도가증가하였지만염증환자에서보다는낮았다. 천식에서는활성화된호산구가기도내상피세포의손상을일으키고기관지과민반응을유도하는데, 이과정에서 IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α 등의사이토카인과대식세포, 상피세포, 림프구와단핵구등에의해 CRP 농도가증가한다 [20]. 따라서 ECP와 hs-crp의두가지지표를함께사용하면알레르기질환의진단과추적관찰에유용할것으로기대된다. 혈청 ECP 농도는감염질환에서도증가하는것으로알려져있는데, 바이러스에의한기관지염과 [22] 마이코플라즈마폐렴환아 [23] 에서혈청 ECP 농도가증가하였다는보고가있다. 바이러스에의해림프구수와호산구수가증가하여호산구성염증반응을유발하며, 활성화된호산구에서분비되는 ECP는세균과바이러스를용해시키고호흡기상피세포에독성효과가있고비만세포에서히스타민분비를자극하는역할을한다 [3]. 본연구에서도바이러스나세균감염에의한호흡기환자로구성된염증성환자군에서대조군보다 ECP 농도가증가하여기존의결과들과일치하였다. 따라서, 알레르기질환을가지고있는환자에서감염질환이동반된경우에는 ECP 농도로알레르기질환을평가하기는어려울것으로사료된다. 대부분의연구에서는혈청 ECP 농도가증가하면말초혈액호산구수도함께증가하는것으로관찰되었다 [18, 24]. 본연구의환자군에서는말초혈액호산구수가증가할수록 ECP 농도가증가하는것이관찰되었으나, 대조군에서는호산구수가증가한군과정상인군사이의 ECP 농도차이가관찰되지않았으며, 두지표사이의유의한상관관계도관찰되지않았다. 따라서혈청 ECP 농도의변화가단순히말초혈액호산구수의변화에의한것이아니라는것을생각해볼수있었다. 그러나, 대조군에서호산구증가증을보이는사람은 2명이고이들 ECP가각각 8.2와 8.9 μg/l로이는호산구증가증을보이는알레르기환자군의최소값 7.49 μg/l와유사한결과를보였다. 본연구에서는임상증상과과거력만을기준으로대조군을분류한점이한계점으로생각되며, 향후혈중 IgE를대조군선정의기준으로이용한다면보다정확한분석이가능할것으로생각된다. Lorenzo 등 [18] 은만성두드러기환자에서말초혈액의호산구수
6 는증가하지않았지만혈청 ECP 농도가증가하였으며, 이는호산구의생산과활성경로가서로차이가있기때문이라고보고하였다. 본연구에서도염증환자의 82% 는말초혈액호산구수가정상이었고, 호산구증가증인환자는 18% 로말초혈액호산구수의평균값은대조군과차이가없음에도불구하고염증성환자의혈청 ECP 농도는대조군에비해증가하였다. 또한, 호산구수가 /L 미만인알레르기환자와염증성환자를비교한결과, 혈청 ECP 농도는알레르기군에서유의하게높았다. 이러한결과로볼때혈청 ECP 농도는말초혈액호산구수보다는활성화된호산구수를반영하는것으로생각된다. 특히, 알레르기임상증상이있는경우말초혈액호산구수가정상이더라도혈청 ECP가증가해있으면알레르기질환을의심해볼수있을것으로사료된다. 또한 ECP가주로호산구에서분비되지만, 다른세포에서도분비될가능성을추측해볼수있다. 실제로, 일부연구에서는호산구에존재하는 ECP의 1-2% 정도가호중구에있고, 호염기구에도소량존재하며 [25], 알레르기환자에서 ECP가호중구에서도분비된다고하였다 [26]. 혈청총 IgE와 ECP 농도의상관관계에대한기존의연구는연구자마다상반된결과를보였다. Chen 등 [27] 은알레르기비염환자에서두지표사이의상관성이있다고보고하였으나, 아토피피부염환자에서통계적으로유의한상관관계가없다는보고도있었다 [19]. 본연구에서는알레르기와염증환자군모두에서두지표사이의상관관계가관찰되지않았다. 이는 IgE가알레르기반응을촉발시키지만, ECP와 IgE의생성기전이서로다르다는기존의연구 [28] 를뒷받침하는것으로생각된다. 기존의연구에서는대부분흡입성항원에감작된알레르기환자를대상으로혈청 ECP 농도에대한연구가많았고 [4, 7], 음식알레르기에서의연구는많지않았는데, 우유알레르기가있는소아에서혈청 ECP 농도가증가하였다는보고가있었다 [29]. 본연구에서는알레르기환자군에서원인알레르겐이흡입성인지음식인지에따라혈청 ECP 농도의차이가있는지를비교하였는데, 알레르겐의종류에상관없이 ECP가증가하였다. 소아는연령이증가할수록알레르기의원인으로흡입성항원이증가하며 3세이상의소아는주로호흡기증상을보이는반면, 3세미만에서는음식알레르기가흔하고증상도습진, 위장관증상, 만성중이염, 호흡기증상등으로다양하게나타난다 [30]. 따라서, 혈청 ECP 농도가어린소아에서다양한증상으로나타나는알레르기질환의진단에도움을줄수있을것으로기대된다. 그러나, 본연구에서는시행한검사의특이알레르겐의종류가적어서더많은항원에대한추가적인연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 결론적으로, 혈청 ECP와 hs-crp는알레르기질환에서말초혈액호산구수검사와함께호산구성염증의활성도평가에도움이될것으로판단된다. 그러나, 혈청 ECP는비알레르기염증질환이 있을경우에도증가하기때문에, 알레르기질환과감염이동반된경우에는알레르기질환을평가하는지표로사용하기어려울것으로보인다. 혈청 ECP와 hs-crp 농도는서로상관관계가없는것으로보아 ECP 농도가전신염증반응의정도를정확히반영하지는않는것으로생각된다. 요약 배경 : 본연구는소아알레르기질환과비알레르기성염증질환에서혈청호산구양이온단백 (eosinophil cationic protein, ECP) 과고감도C-반응단백 (high sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-crp) 농도의의의를평가하고혈청 ECP와염증지표들사이의상관관계에대해서분석하였다. 방법 : 알레르기질환의소아환아 146명과비알레르기염증환아 76 명, 대조군소아 25명을대상으로하였다. 혈청 ECP와 hs-crp, 혈청총 IgE와특이항원 IgE 농도를측정하였다. 결과 : 알레르기환자군에서혈청 ECP 농도 (77.5±88.2 μg/l) 는비알레르기염증성환자군 (42.2±58.8 μg/l) 과대조군 (12.7±4.2 μg/l) 보다높았다 (P <0.001, 각각 ). 비알레르기염증성환자군의혈청 ECP 농도역시대조군보다높았다 (42.2±58.8 vs. 12.7±4.2 μg/ L, P <0.001). 알레르기환자에서 hs-crp 농도는대조군에비해유의하게증가하였다 (0.4±0.9 vs. 0.1±0.2 mg/dl, P <0.05). 알레르기환자에서혈청 ECP와 hs-crp 농도사이에는유의한상관관계가관찰되지않았다 (r = 0.09, P >0.05). 결론 : 혈청 ECP와 hs-crp 농도측정은알레르기질환의임상적평가와경과관찰시도움이될것으로기대된다. 혈청 ECP와 hs- CRP 농도의상관관계가없는것으로보아알레르기질환에서혈청 ECP 농도의상승이반드시전신성염증의정도를반영하지는않는것으로생각된다. 감사의글 본논문은인하대학교의지원에의하여연구되었습니다. 참고문헌 1. Gleich GJ and Adolphson CR. The eosinophilic leukocyte: structure and function. Adv Immunol 1986;39: Hogan SP, Rosenberg HF, Moqbel R, Phipps S, Foster PS, Lacy P, et al. Eosinophils: biological properties and role in health and disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2008;38: Venge P, Byström J, Carlson M, Hâkansson L, Karawacjzyk M, Peterson
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