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1 Week 01 Introduction to HCI / History of HCI HCI 2016 Spring Human-Computer Interaction+Design Lab _ Joonhwan Lee

2 Course Information Introduction to HCI History of HCI

3 Course Introduction

4 TA : joonhwan@snu.ac.kr office: phone: / TA: ( yoon925@gmail.com ) m /home 4

5 - (HCI:Human-ComputerInteraction),,,,., HCI. HCI, HCI HCI. 5

6 Research-Methods-2016.pdf 6

7 T1 T2 Jenny Preece, Helen Sharp, Yvonne Rogers, Interaction Design, beyond human-computer interaction, 4rd Edition, Wiley I. Scott MacKenzie, Human-Computer Interaction, An Empirical Research Perspective, MK 7

8 Introduction to HCI

9 Herbert A. Simon (June 15, 1916 February 9, 2001) Carnegie Mellon University Nobel Memorial Prize laureates Turing Award laureates

10 HCI? HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) (ACM, 1992) (Human) (Computer) (Interaction), (Nickerson and Landauer, 1997) 10

11 HCI? HCI : human, computer, interaction human interaction computer system,,. eg. PC,, PDA, 11

12 HCI HCI task HCI UI(User Interface),, HCI UI, HCI user s thinking process, workflow, computer mediated communication, social computing etc. 12

13 HCI HCI,, : problem finding methods, interaction design : evaluation methods : implementation methods 13

14 HCI HCI HCI (ACM SIGCHI) 1982 HCI 1960,,, 14

15 HCI.. HCI : : SNS social computing. 15

18 HCI

19 17

20 HCI HCI ( ), breakdown Wii Remote Controller ( : ) more...? 18

21 HCI (, 2005) (usefulness) (usability) (affect) 19

22 HCI (usefulness) task (effective) / 20

23 HCI (Usability) (effective) : (low cost)! cargo /, 21

24 HCI (affect) : :.. (Norman, 2004) 22

25 HCI (Human). HCI. HCI (Carroll, 1997), interaction., engagement. 23

26 HCI (Computer System) HCI HCI (input device), ( pervasive computing) 24

27 HCI (Interaction) HCI (interaction) HCI interaction design. (Preece, Rogers and Sharp, 2002), Palm device user interface twitter, iphone. 25

28 HCI (task) HCI. : (context) : vs. (?) : vs.. 26

29 HCI HCI : human, computer, interaction human interaction computer system 27

30 HCI HCI : human, computer, interaction + task( ), context( ) human task interaction computer system context 27

31 HCI HCI,,,,, HCI 28

32 HCI,,, HCI HCI / :,, : ( :, ) 29

33 HCI,, HCI / ( :,, ) pervasive computing HCI, HCI 30

34 HCI,, :, HCI. HCI ( / ), : (, ), 31

35 HCI, usability framework 32

36 HCI,, : : :,., HCI 33

37 HCI is NOT UX CogPsy Behavioral Science Comp. Science HCI Interaction Design 34

38 HCI is NOT UX CogPsy Behavioral Science Comp. Science HCI Interaction Design UX Methods 34

39 HCI Applied Perception HCI History Understanding Interaction Motor Behavior The Human Factor Cognitive Aspect Information Processing Interaction Elements Social/Emotional Interaction Notational Systems Scientific Foundations Interfaces Mental Models Designing HCI Experiments Data Gathering/Analysis Exploring and Finding Information Hypothesis Testing Interaction Design Process Distributed Cognition Modeling Interaction User Requirements Finding Cognitive Work Analysis Writing and Publishing a Design/Prototype Common Ground Theory Activity Theory Algorithm Design Rationale as Theory Research Paper Evaluation Field Studies Usability Testing 35

40 HCI Applied Perception Motor Behavior Information Processing Notational Systems Mental Models CogPsy Exploring and Finding Information Distributed Cognition Cognitive Work Analysis Common Ground Theory Activity Theory Algorithm Design Rationale as Theory HCI History The Human Factor Interaction Elements Scientific Foundations Designing HCI Experiments Hypothesis Testing Modeling Interaction Writing and Publishing a Research Paper Understanding Interaction Cognitive Aspect Social/Emotional Interaction Interfaces Data Gathering/Analysis UXD Interaction Design Process User Requirements Finding Design/Prototype Evaluation Field Studies Usability Testing 35

vs Applied Perception HCI History Motor Behavior The Human Factor Information Processing Interaction Elements

Cognition Research Designing HCI Experiments Hypothesis Testing Modeling Interaction Cognitive Work Analysis

Theory Understanding Interaction Cognitive Aspect Social/Emotional Interaction Interfaces Data

41 vs Applied Perception HCI History Motor Behavior The Human Factor Information Processing Interaction Elements Notational Systems Scientific Foundations Mental Models Exploring and Finding Information Distributed Cognition Research Designing HCI Experiments Hypothesis Testing Modeling Interaction Cognitive Work Analysis Writing and Publishing a Common Ground Theory Research Paper Activity Theory Algorithm Design Rationale as Theory Understanding Interaction Cognitive Aspect Social/Emotional Interaction Interfaces Data Gathering/Analysis Field Interaction Design Process User Requirements Finding Design/Prototype Evaluation Field Studies Usability Testing 36

42 History of HCI

43 Significant Event Timeline SIGCHI 2015, SEOUL 38

44 As We May Think (1945) Vannevar Bush Memex 39

45 As We May Think (1945) ( ) ( ) ( ) (micro film):,. 40

46 As We May Think (1945) id= &coll=dl&dl=guide&cfid= &cftoken=

47 Sketchpad (1962) Ivan Sutherland MIT Sketchpad 42

48 Sketchpad (1962) Ivan Sutherland Sketchpad memex, geometry shape line graphical user interface,,,, direct manipulation interface (B. Shneiderman, 1983) 43

49 Sketchpad (1962) Direct Manipulation Direct manipulation features: Visibility of objects Incremental action and rapid feedback Reversibility (e.g. undo) Exploration Syntactic correctness of all actions : Only legal actions are permitted by the UI Replacing language with action : No arcane command syntax to memorize (supports recognition over recall) Term coined by Ben Shneiderman Shneiderman, B., Direct manipulation: A step beyond programming languages, in IEEE Computer, 1983, August,

Sketchpad (1962) https://www.youtube.com/watch?

50 Sketchpad (1962)

51 Invention of the Mouse (1963) Douglas Engelbart 46

52 Invention of the Mouse (1963) Douglas Engelbart Stanford Research Institute 2 wheel x, y (ball) wheel 47

53 HCI s First User Study A comparative evaluation of English, W. K., Engelbart, D. C., & Berman, M. L. (1967). Display selection techniques for text manipulation. IEEE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, HFE-8(1),

54 HCI s First User Study Experiment Design Participants: 13 Independent variable Input method with six levels: mouse, light pen, Grafacon, joystick (position-control), joystick (rate-control), knee-controlled lever Dependent variables Task completion time, error rate Note: task completion time = access time + motion time Within-subjects, counterbalanced Task: Press spacebar, acquire device, position cursor on target, select target 49

55 HCI s First User Study Results (1) Notes: 1 Access time with the knee-controlled lever was zero (since the device is always acquired ). 2 Light pen use is fatiguing, since the user s arm is held in the air in front of the display. 50

56 HCI s First User Study Results (2) 51

57 Xerox Star (1981) 52

58 Xerox Star (1981) 70 Engelbart Desktop metaphor icon, folder, file, desktop GUI & Point-selection system direct manipulation system ethernet networking, file server, print server, 53

59 Xerox Star (1981) 54

60 Birth of HCI (1983) Notable Events First ACM SIGCHI Conference (1983) Publication of The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction by Card, Moran, and Newell (1983) Apple Macintosh announced via brochures (December, 1983) and launched (January, 1984) 55

61 Birth of HCI (1983) First ACM SIGCHI Conference (1983) HCI 1969, SIGSOC(SIG on Social and Behavioral computing) SIGSOC social science 1978 SIGSOC 1982 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems SIG on Computer Human Interaction (SIGCHI) 56

62 Birth of HCI (1983) ACM SIGCHI Mission The ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction is the world s largest association of professionals who work in the research and practice of computer-human interaction. This interdisciplinary group is composed of computer scientists, software engineers, psychologists, interaction designers, graphic designers, sociologists, and anthropologists, just to name some of the domains whose special expertise come to bear in this area. They are brought together by a shared understanding that designing useful and usable technology is an interdisciplinary process, and believe that when done properly it has the power to transform persons lives. 57

63 Birth of HCI (1983) ACM SIGCHI website 58

64 Birth of HCI (1983) SIGCHI Conference Publications 59

65 Birth of HCI (1983) The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction Card, Moran, and Newell (1983) 60

66 Birth of HCI (1983) The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction Card, Moran, and Newell (1983) HCI human sensory, cognition, motor system HCI Graphical User Interface MHP (Model Human Processor) 61

67 Birth of HCI (1983) The objective of the book (by Allen Newell) We had in mind the need for a theory for designers of interfaces. The design of the interface is the leverage point in human-computer interaction. The classical emphasis of human factors and man-machine psychology on experimental analysis requires that the system or a suitable mock-up be available for experiment, but by the time such a concrete system exists, most of the important degrees of freedom in the interface have been bound. What is needed are tools for thought for the designer so at design time the properties and constraints of the user can be brought to bear in making the important choices. Our objective was to develop an engineering-style theory of the user that permitted approximate, back-of-theenvelop calculations of how the user would interact with the computer when operating at a terminal. 62

68 Birth of HCI (1983) The Model Human Processor 63

69 Birth of HCI (1983) The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction Card, Moran, and Newell (1983) GOMS (Goals, operators, methods, and selections rules model) KLM (Key-stroke model) prediction model! 64

70 Apple Macintosh (1984) 65

71 Apple Macintosh (1984) 65

72 Apple Macintosh Timeline 66

73 Early HCI Research Effective menu design breadth vs depth in menu design (one example) 67

74 HCI Research Now New interaction technologies Two-finger gestures (Apple iphone, 2007) Acceleration-sensing (Nintendo Wiimote, 2005) Wheel mouse (Microsoft Intellimouse, 1996) Single-stroke text input (Palm s Graffiti, 1995) Social computing human computation crowdsourcing computational journalism User experience interaction design service design and more 68

75 HCI Research Products 69

76 Reading Assignment T2: Chapter 1 T1: Chapter 1, 2

77 Questions?

Microsoft Word - 1-차우창.doc

Microsoft Word - 1-차우창.doc Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea Vol. 28, No. 2 pp.1-8, May 2009 1 하이브리드 환경하의 인간기계시스템 제어실 평가에 관한 연구 차 우 창 김 남 철 금오공과대학교 산업시스템공학과 A Study of the Evaluation for the Control Room in Human Machine