대한물리의학회지제 권제 호 통, 현기증, 피곤함, 신경과민등이동반된다 ( 대한산부인과학회, 1997; Romans, 2000). 월경전증후군은월경 7~10일전부터월경이시작되기까지의황체기에나타나는신체적, 행동적, 정서적증상들의복합체가월경주기에따라반복적, 주기적으로나타나는
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1 대한물리의학회지제 권제 호 년 월 1) 요골반부안정화운동이여대생의월경통증및월경전증후군에미치는영향 김진희 김난수 부산가톨릭대학교일반대학원물리치료학과, 1 부산가톨릭대학교물리치료학과 The Effect of Lumbo-Pelvic Stabilization Exercise on Menstrual Pain and Premenstrual Syndrome Jin-Hee Kim, PT, BS, Nan-Soo Kim, PT, PhD 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Catholic University of Pusan <Abstract> Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of the lumbo-pelvic stabilization exercise on relief of menstrual pain and premenstrual syndrome of the female university students. Methods Thirty female students with dysmenorrhea were participated in this study. Subjects divided into experimental group(n=15) and control group(n=15). Experimental group were given lumbo-pelvic stabilization exercise and control group didn't have any application to exercise. Menstrual pain measured by VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and premenstrual syndrome measured by MDQ(Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire) scale. Results The experimental group were significantly improved menstrual pain and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, but negligible changes were found in the control group. Conclusion This study show that lumbo-pelvic stabilization exercise is beneficial intervention for decrease menstrual pain and premenstrual syndrome. Key Words Lumbo-pelvic stabilization exercise, Menstrual pain, Premenstrual syndrome Ⅰ. 서론 월경은매달마다주기적으로가임기여성의자 궁내막이탈락되는현상을말한다. 월경기간동안 여성중일부는월경통증을겪게되는데이는부인과질환가운데가장흔한증상의하나이다 ( 진영길과이재현, 1989). 통증의주요증상으로는경련성하복부통증과요통, 오심, 구토, 식욕감퇴, 설사, 두 교신저자 김남수, hnskim@cup.ac.kr 논문접수일 2012 년 01 월 17 일 / 수정접수일 2012 년 01 월 25 일 / 게재승인일 2012 년 02 월 20 일 29
2 대한물리의학회지제 권제 호 통, 현기증, 피곤함, 신경과민등이동반된다 ( 대한산부인과학회, 1997; Romans, 2000). 월경전증후군은월경 7~10일전부터월경이시작되기까지의황체기에나타나는신체적, 행동적, 정서적증상들의복합체가월경주기에따라반복적, 주기적으로나타나는현상으로정의된다. 심리적증상으로는불안, 우울, 불안정, 기분변화, 식욕의변화, 주의집중력저하, 무기력, 긴장, 수면장애등을, 신체적증상으로는부종, 체중변화, 상열감, 여드름, 비염, 두통, 변비, 복부팽만감, 요통, 유방통, 활동수준의변화등상당히다양한증상을나타낸다 ( 박영주, 1999). 월경통의정확한원인이나병태생리학적인기전은아직알려져있지않지만 Pickles(1957) 가프로스타글란딘이월경통을일으키는원인이라고발표한이후이에관한많은연구가이루어졌으며, 현재는프로스타글란딘의과다생성으로인한자궁근육수축의증가로월경통증이발생한다는이론이가장유력하다 (Coco, 1999; Deligeoroglou, 2000). 프로스타글란딘이증가하면자궁수축과자궁내압이증가하게되며, 일반적으로여성들은방광위쪽부위를중심으로날카롭고간헐적인통증을겪게되고통증은다리뒤쪽이나요추하부위로방사될수있다 (Coco, 1999; Jialin 등, 2009). 또한월경이시작되기 7일에서 10일전에분비되는 relaxin은임신하였을때와유사하게인대의탄력성을늘려유연해지게하고월경시개폐운동과함께관절의움직임이많아져골반의안정성이떨어지게된다 (Richard L, 1985). 골반의불안정성은골반통을유발하고이에대한전형적인치료방법으로안정화운동을시행한다 (Vaughn 등, 2008; David, 2009). 또한 Denise 등 (2008) 은천골과자궁이역학적으로인대를통해지지되며자궁기능과천골신경총은신경학적으로연결되어있다고하였다. Elia 등 (1996) 은요골반부안정화운동이척추구조에가해지는스트레스를최대한줄여주기위한것이라고하였으며, 척추에가해지는부하에가장잘적응할수있게끔척추뼈들이배열된자세를의미하는중립자세를만들기위한요골반부의조직훈련은요추에가해지는외력을적절하게조절해주 며, 배근, 복근, 둔근, 하지근, 골반저근의조절능력강화로월경통증관리에도움이될것이다 ( 김선엽, 1998; Hides 등, 1996). 한동길 (2009) 은 4주간의운동치료가월경통으로인한허리통증을감소시킬수있다고하였고, 강경화등 (2004) 은요부안정화운동이급성기요통에유의한통증감소를일으킨다고하였다. 박영주 (1999) 는 20대여성이다른연령층에비해전반적으로월경증상호소가많고정도도더심한것으로나타난다고하였으며대부분의연령층에서특히월경시작첫날에요통을가장많이경험한다고하였다. 여성들은이러한불편한감각으로인해월경동안일상생활에심각한지장을겪고있음에도불구하고치료를위한적극적인태도가부족하며의료기관이용률이매우저조하다 (Deuster 등, 1999). 월경증상의완화를위해진통제와같은약물의존도가높다는보고가있었으나 ( 박혜은등, 2005; 한선희와허명행, 1999), 진통제복용은소화불량, 오심, 구토, 변비, 설사, 두통, 어지러움증, 시각혹은청각장애등의부작용을유발할수있으며부적절한약물사용즉, 약물과량복용과약물오용등이우려되고있다 ( 권혜연과이인선, 2000). 따라서비약물적이며간편하게스스로월경통증을관리할수있는다양한대처방안의모색이필요하다. 월경통증감소를위한치료방법으로는더운물주머니 ( 이은옥과최명애, 1993), 점진적근육이완요법 ( 나숙자, 1992), 자장적용 ( 이윤정, 1993), 발반사마사지 ( 백환금, 1998), 아로마테라피 ( 한선희등, 2001) 등이연구되었으나화상의위험성, 경제적및시간적제약과스스로할수없다는제한점등이있다. 요골반부안정화운동프로그램은월경통증으로육체적, 정신적고통을겪고있는여성들에게, 반복되는통증과생활의불편감에스스로대처할수있는효과적인방법으로서삶의질을높일수있고, 약물의오남용을방지하는데도움이될수있을것으로사료된다. 따라서본연구의목적은요골반부안정화운동이여대생의월경통증및월경전증후군에미치는영향을살펴보고자하는것이다. 30
3 요골반부안정화운동이여대생의월경통증및월경전증후군에미치는영향 Ⅱ. 연구방법 1. 연구대상 본연구의대상자는부산 C대학에재학중이며연구의목적을이해하고연구참여에동의한여대생으로선정하였다. 선정기준은월경주기가 25~35 일이며최소 3개월이상규칙적인여성, 피임약을복용하고있지않는여성, 과거골반염증성질환이나자궁내막증의진단을받지않았고분만경험이없는여성, 연구참여기간중약물복용이나온찜질등의대체요법을사용하지않는여성, 현재규칙적으로다른운동을하지않는여성으로선정하였다. 사전예비설문조사를통해월경중통증이가장심한시점을기준으로시각적상사척도 (VAS; visual analogue scale) 로측정한월경통증이 50mm이상이고, 월경전증후군척도점수 (MDQ; menstrual distress questionnaire) 가 70점이상인 30명을대상으로하였다. 대상자는두그룹으로나누어운동을시행하는실험군과중재를하지않는대조군에각 15명씩무작위로배치하였다. 모든실험절차에앞서전체피 험자의동의서를받았으며, 정확한측정을위한유의사항에적극적인협조를구하였다. 연구대상자의특성은 Table 1과같으며실험전두집단간의모든변수에서유의한차이는없었다. 2. 연구절차운동프로그램은부산 C대학의운동치료실습실에서시행되었고대상자들이정확한운동프로그램을수행할수있도록훈련동작에관한충분한교육을한후훈련동안에도지속적인피드백을통하여자세수정을요하였다. 실험군은월경전증후군이나타난다고알려져있는월경예정일일주일전부터월경이끝나는마지막날까지 1일, 1회, 각각의동작을 5회씩총 2세트실시하였고, 대조군은아무중재도하지않았다. 실험이끝날때까지중도포기나약물복용등의변수로인한도중탈락자는없었으며월경주기계산법에따라월경전증후군이시작되는월경예정일 7~10일전에훈련을시작하였으나대상자의신체상황에따라월경주기가맞지않을경우다음달로 Table 1. General characteristics of Subjects (N=30) Variable Exp. group(n=15) Cont. group(n=15) M±SD M±SD Age(years) 20.13± ± Height(cm) ± ± Weight(kg) 51.80± ± Duration of menstruation 5.73± ± Regularity of menstruation cycle 1.07± ± Peak time of menstrual pain 3.27± ± Drug frequency 2.20± ± Table 2. Exercise program Supine Bridge Quadriped Standing One arm elevation Bridge Quadriped find neutral Sissy squat Double arm elevation Marching Single arm elevation Partial lunges Single leg extension supported Single leg extension Single leg elevation Lunges Single leg extension unsupported Single leg abduction Opposite arm&leg Dead bug 90/90 31
4 대한물리의학회지제 권제 호 미루어시작하였다. 3. 운동프로그램본연구에서사용한요골반부안정화운동프로그램은선행연구들을토대로구성하였다 ( 김선엽, 1998; Kisner와 Colby, 2002; 배성수등, 1995). 대상자는편안한복장을갖춘후운동프로그램에대한설명을듣고시행하였으며운동전연구자의시범을통해동작에대한이해를높였다. 또한운동속도를일정하게유지시켜정확한동작수행이이루어지도록하였다. 운동프로그램은 Table 2와같다. 4. 측정방법실험전월경통증과월경전증후군을측정하고중재후월경마지막날에월경중통증이가장심한시점을기준으로통증과증상의변화를측정하였다. 1) 월경통증의측정월경통증은시각적상사척도 (VAS; visual analogue scale) 로측정하였다. 0(mm) 은전혀통증이없는상태, 100(mm) 은통증이가장심한상태로해당란에대상자가직접표시하였다. 2) 월경전증후군의측정월경전증후군은월경예정일일주일전부터나타나는신체적, 심리적불편감을말한다. 본연구에서는김정은 (1995) 이수정한월경전증후군측정도구인 MDQ(Menstrual Distress Questionnaire)(Moos, 1968) 를사용하였다. 척도는신체적통증, 집중력, 행동변화, 자율신경계반응, 수분축적, 부정적정서의총 35항목, 6개범주로구성되어있다. 각항목은 통증이 전혀없다 1점, 아주약하다 2점, 약하다 3점, 보통정도이다 4점, 심하다 5점, 아주심하다 6점척도로서최저 35점에서최고 210점으로점수가높을수록월경전증후군이심한것을의미한다. 5. 통계처리본실험에서수집된자료는 PASW statics for Windows(version 18.0) 를이용하여분석하였고, 유의수준 α는 0.05로하였다. 각집단내중재전후의차이는 paired t-test, 두집단간변화량의차이는 independent t-test로분석하였다. Ⅲ. 연구결과 1. 월경통증의변화 운동프로그램후에월경통증의변화는다음과같다 (Table 3). 실험군에서는실험전통증이 71.33±13.56 점에서실험후 34±18.44점으로통증이유의하게감소하였고 (p=.000), 대조군에서는실험전 78±16.1점에서실험후 72.7±17.1점으로유의한차이가없었다 (p=.072). 또한중재전후두집단간월경통증의변화량차이를비교한결과통제군보다실험군의통증이 37.33±21.54 점의차이로유의하게감소하였고통계적으로도유의하였다 (p=.000). 2. 월경전증후군의변화실험처치전후월경전증후군의변화는다음과같다 (Table 4). Table 3. Comparison of menstrual pain between the experimental and control group Pre-test Post-test Pre-Post differences M±SD M±SD M±SD Experimental group(n=15) 71.33± ± * 37.33±21.54 Control group(n=15) 78± ± ±10.6 *p<.05 (N=30) * 32
5 요골반부안정화운동이여대생의월경통증및월경전증후군에미치는영향 Table 4. Comparison of premenstrual syndrome between the experimental and control group (N=30) Pre-test Post-test Pre-Post differences M±SD M±SD M±SD Experimental group(n=15) 117± ± * 44.07±24.44 Control group(n=15) ± ± ± * *p<.05 실험군에서는실험전 117±30점에서실험후 72.93±18.26 점으로월경전증후군이유의하게감소하였고 (p=.000), 대조군에서는실험전 ±24.11 점에서실험후 126.6±21.97 점으로유의한차이가없었다 (p=.247). 또한, 중재전후두집단간월경전증후군의변화량차이를비교한결과통제군에비해운동프로그램을수행한실험군의월경전증후군이 44.07±24.44 점의차이로유의하게감소하였고, 통계적으로도유의하였다 (p=.000). Ⅳ. 고찰 본연구는여대생에게요골반부안정화운동을적용하여여성들의대표적인부인과질환인월경통증및월경전증후군에미치는효과를검증하였다. Zahra(2011) 는요부에가해지는부하를줄여주는세가지의요가동작을여성들에게적용하였을때중등도단계의통증에해당하는 2.54±0.50점에서운동중재후에저강도단계의통증에해당하는 1.50±0.78점으로감소하였다고보고하였다. 이는본연구에서요부의스트레스를감소시키는요골반부안정화운동을시행하여월경통증이감소한결과와유사하다. 또한, Denise 등 (2008) 월경곤란증을겪고있는여학생들에게요천추부의도수치료를적용한결과전반적인복부통증과요통이유의하게감소했다고하였다. 이는비정상적인관절의운동을바로잡아자궁수축과골반내혈류증가로인한결과로서, 본연구결과에서요골반부안정화운동이요골반부관절의안정성을강화시킴으로서월경통증감소에미친효과에대한검증이될수있다고유추할수있다. 강현정 (2008) 은근골격계의변화에대한적응을돕고골반및복부근육의유연성과근육강도를증 가시킬수있는요가운동프로그램을여대생에게적용하여월경곤란증및월경통증, 바소프레신에미치는영향을연구한결과, 실험군의월경전증후군이 ±21.61 점에서운동 4주후 91.29±29.89 점으로유의한감소가나타났다고하였다. 또한 Maxwell 등 (1999) 의선행연구에서는월경전증후군을겪고있는여성들에게카이로프락틱치료를시행한결과중재후월경전증후군의증상이유의하게완화되었으며이는척추운동분절의자극된연부조직구조들에서발생하는체성감각입력이월경통과같은내장기관활동의변화를일으키기때문이라고하였다. Browning(1989) 은척추의역학적이상이요통뿐만아니라골반통, 장기이상의원인이될수있다고하였고, 지속적인통증은척추주변근육이나조직, 관절에스트레스를증가시켜안정성및기능의저하가나타나게된다. Vaughn와 Nitsch(2008) 는골반의저가동성이고관절과요추부에힘의약화와역학적스트레스를증가시키는원인이된다고보고하였으며, Pamela(1999) 는천장관절의저가동성과같은기능이상이주변조직에스트레스를주어요통의원인이된다고하였다. 또한 Melzack(1989) 은월경중허리의통증과분만통이상당한상관관계가있으며이는등근육의긴장과같은공통된메커니즘을나타낸다고하였다. Elden과 Ladfors 등 (2005) 은골반통증이있는임신중인여성에게지압과안정화운동을병행하였을때골반통증이현저하게감소한다고하였으며, Stuge 등 (2004) 은임신후발생하는골반통증이있는대상자들에게특정안정화운동프로그램을적용한결과일반물리치료만적용하였을때보다골반통증이보다유의한감소를나타낸다고하였다. 이와같이월경통증과월경전증후군을겪고있는여성들의치료적중재를위한연구결과들이보고 33
6 대한물리의학회지제 권제 호 되었으나특히요골반부안정화운동은집중적으로요골반부의부하를줄여주며, 절차가간단하고비용이매우경제적이며스스로쉽게적용할수있는보다효과적인중재방법으로사용될수있을것이라사료된다. 본연구에서는요골반부안정화운동을적용하여단기간훈련한결과월경통증과월경전증후군을개선시키는데요골반부안정화운동훈련이효과적이라는것을알수있었다. 그러나본연구는운동의적용기간이짧고여대생이라는제한된조건이있었으므로이결과를일반화하기위해서는추후연구에서단기간의전후비교가아닌장기간운동적용을통한효과를규명할필요가있으며연구대상자를확대적용할필요가있다. 또한안정화운동이아닌다른요인의작용여부를확인하기위해요골반부안정화훈련시실제자궁수축과관련있는요골반부내의근육과골반저근등의활성도나혈액내호르몬의변화를측정하는것또한안정화훈련이월경통증및월경전증후군에미치는효과에대한확실한이론을제공할수있을것이다. Ⅴ. 결론 본연구는요골반부안정화운동이여대생의월경통증및월경전증후군에미치는영향을알아보고자수행하였다. 이상의연구결과를종합하면, 요골반부안정화운동을수행한실험군은중재를하지않은대조군에비해월경통증과월경전증후군이유의하게완화되어긍정적인효과를확인할수있었다. 따라서월경통으로생활에영향을받는여대생들에게요골반부안정화운동이간편하고적절한치료중재가될수있을것이라고사료된다. 참고문헌 강경화, 김동욱, 김미정, 문현주, 박영희, 박성덕, 김선엽. 요부안정화운동이급성기요통경감에미치는영향대한정형도수치료학회지. 2004;10(1): 강현정. 요가운동프로그램이여대생의월경곤란증, 월경통증및바소프레신농도에미치는영향. 숙명여자대학교교육대학원석사학위논문 권혜연, 이인선. 설문조사에의한고1 여학생의월경에관한조사분석. 동의한의연구. 2000;4: 김선엽. 요통의요골반부안정화 (lumbo-pelvic stabilization) 접근법. 대한정형물리치료학회지. 1998;4 (7):7-20. 김정은. Triangulation 방법을이용한월경전후기불편감에대한연구. 서울대학교대학원박사학위논문 나숙자. 이완요법이여학생의월경전증후군감소에미치는영향. 전남대학교대학원석사학위논문 대한산부인과학회. 산과학. 제3판. 서울도서출판칼빈서적 박영주. 여성의연령과월경전후기증상정도및유형에관한연구. 여성건강간호학회지. 1999;5(2): 박혜은, 지병철, 구승엽, 서창석, 김석현, 최영민, 김정구, 문신용. 월경전증후군에관한실태조사. 대한산부회지. 2005;48(2): 배성수, 구희서, 김상수, 김용천, 김태윤, 김희권, 안소윤, 윤창구, 장정훈, 전제균, 주민, 최재청, 홍완성. 운동치료학. 대학서림 백환금. 발반사마사지가월경불편감에미치는효과. 서울대학교대학원간호학과석사논문 이윤정. 자장적용이생리통경감에미치는효과. 서울대학교대학원석사학위논문 이은옥, 최명애. 통증. 서울. 신광출판사 진영길, 이재현. Piroxicam의월경통환자에서의진통효과에관한연구. 대한산부인과학회. 1989;32 (4): 한동길. 4주간의운동치료허리통증 : 골격과근육이틀어지면통증이생긴다!. 문학동네. 한국 한선희, 허명행. 일부여대생의생리통및월경곤란증과그관련요인에관한조사연구. 한국간호교육학회지. 1999;5(2): 한선희, 노유자, 허명행. 아로마테라피가여대생의생리통및월경곤란증에미치는효과. 성인간호학회지. 2001;13(3):
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