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1 Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 스마트철조망장력센서를위한유무선이중화알고리즘 김장영 * Wired and Wileless Dualization Algorithm for Tension Sensing Smart Fence System Jang-Young Kim * Department of Computer Science, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong , Korea 요약 본논문은장력센서시스템으로구성된장력펜스에무선모듈을설치하고, 경보발생시데이터를무선으로전송하는알고리즘을연구한다. 유선통신시스템은높은정확성과응답속도를가지지만초기설치비용이비싸고연결이복잡하며연결선이유실되는문제가발생할수있다. 이러한이유로 Zigbee 무선통신기술을이용하여유선통신시스템의문제점을보완하고무선통신이가지는응답속도지연및배터리문제에관해연구하여이를적용하고자한다. ABSTRACT This paper proposed an efficient algorithm for tension sensing smart fence system with wireless sensor transmission module installation and alarming services. The wired transmission system demonstrates high accuracy and low latency, but the cost is expensive and transmission error may occur. For these reasons, this paper presented to use wireless transmission communication using Zigbee module technology in order to decrease and latency and solve the battery issues. 키워드 : 지그비모듈, 유무선이중화, 보안시스템, 스마트철조망장력센서 Key word : Zigbee module, Wired and wireless dualization, Security system, Tension sensing smart fence system Received 23 March 2015, Revised 08 April 2015, Accepted 23 April 2015 * Corresponding Author Jang-Young Kim ( jykim77@suwon.ac.kr, Tel: ) Department of Computer Science, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong , Korea Open Access print ISSN: online ISSN: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License( by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright C The Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering.
2 Ⅰ. 서론보안펜스사업은 [1-3] 투자가치가계속상승되고있다. 국제정세에있어서, 자신의영토를보호하고외부의침입자를경계하는시스템은가장기본적이면서도중요한보안요소중하나이다 ( 그림 1). 따라서본연구는보안시스템사업중하나인보안펜스분야에대해서보안성향상을위한방안을제시하고, 그에맞는알고리즘에따른결과를분석하여적용하는것을목적으로한다. 무선데이터전송방법은 [4] 유선신호에비해불안정하고응답시간이느리다는문제점을내포하고있다. 특히, 환경적요인에따른변수가많다. 무선신호도달범위에닿지않거나데이터손실및응답시간지연등의문제점을가지고있다. 따라서본연구를통해각종환경에대한알고리즘평가및실험을실시하여가장이상적인평균값을도출하여적용하려고한다. 본논문은펜스의경보신호를무선으로처리할수있는부분에있어, 신뢰성과응답시간을개선하기위한알고리즘인 Bomb Passing Algorithm 및 Jump Passing Algorithm을이용한다. 모드를가지고있다. 또한비용이저렴하며안전성과신뢰성에서인정을받고있는모듈중하나이다. 본연구에서 Zigbee 모듈은 Zigbee사이에있어목적지로안전하고신뢰성있는데이터송 / 수신을하며기존의유선망이데이터를전송할수있게해준다. 사용하는 Zigbee모듈은 Xbee pro S2B로써단거리통신모듈을위한목적으로사용한다 SIU(Sensor Interface Unit) 125 x 160mm의보드로되어있으며 DC-DC전원장치, 표시부및제어 Switch로구성되어있으며단자부에는감지기연결단자, DTU 통신단자, 함체 Door 개폐감시용단자를가지고있다. 본장치는펜스와이어의변화를감지하는감지기가연결되는장치로서동작운영에필요한요소를설정하고감지신호를분석하여경보발생유무를결정하여 DTU (Data Transfer Unit) 에수집자료를제공하는기능을제공한다. 감지기는 2개의입출력접점신호를운영할수있으며감지신호를처리하여 DTU의통신선로로전송하며원격제어신호를처리한다. 본연구에서이장치는 Xbee PRO S2B 무선모듈을장착해서센서에경보신호가들어올시, 유선데이터전송기능에문제가있으면데이터를무선으로전송하는기능을하게된다. 또한기존의 SIU가무선으로스위칭되었을때전원은베터리를통해공급받아서동작하게한다. SIU와의무선데이터전송에서데이터가최종적으로 DTU로송신되었을때를응답시간으로보고이시간및신뢰성을판단하는것을본연구의목적으로한다. 그림 1. 철조망시스템 Fig. 1 Fence System Ⅱ. 본론 2.1. Zigbee 모듈 Zigbee는 [5-7] 낮은데이터를안정성있게전송하기에적합한제품이다. Zigbee의프로토콜은확장에용이성을가지고있으며, 저전력소모와송수신모드, 슬립 2.3. 장력센서시스템장력센서시스템은압전세라믹소자를이용한센서를통해울타리에걸리는장력의변화율을감지하고이를전기적인신호로변환, 중앙통제소에전송하여외부침입사실을인지하도록응용한최신보안시스템이다. 특히장력감지시스템은장력선자체가울타리역할을하기때문에 1조의울타리로도 2중울타리의기능이있어경비절감은물론가시적인보안효과도극대화할수있다. 본연구에서는이장력센서시스템으로구성된장력펜스를통해장력의변화율에따라발생하는경보를 1072
3 스마트철조망장력센서를위한유무선이중화알고리즘 SIU가감지하고, 관련경보에관한데이터를무선으로전달한다 ( 그림 2). 그림 4. Bomb Passing 순서도 Fig. 4 Bomb Passing Flowchart 그림 2. 무선이중화전체도 Fig. 2 Wireless Dualization Overview Ⅲ. 구현알고리즘 3.1. Bomb Passing Algorithm 다수의노드가 Bus 형태로유선으로연결되어있을경우를가정한다. n번노드의유선연결이차단된경우 n-1번노드를포함한이후의모든노드가자동으로무선모드로자동스위칭되도록한다. 이후무선으로스위칭된각노드는바로전노드에게데이터를전송하여데이터를처리하게한다. 데이터를수신한 n-1번노드는연결된유선망을이용해수신한데이터를전달한다 ( 그림 3, 4) Jump Passing Algorithm 위의 Bomb Passing Algorithm의가정과조건을동일하다고보았을때 Bomb Passing Algorithm의방법은바로전노드에게데이터를송신하는방법이었다. 하지만응답시간을줄이기위해서바로앞노드가아닌무선모듈이지원하는최대거리에있는노드에게데이터를전송한다. 이에따라한번에전송할수있는거리를늘려서 n-1번노드에빠르게데이터를전송할수있게한다 ( 그림 5). 그림 3. 센서테이터무선전송 Fig. 3 Sensor Data Wireless Transmission 그림 5. Jump Passing 순서도 Fig. 5 Jump Passing Flowchart 1073
4 Ⅳ. 실험환경및결과 4.2. 실험결과 4.1. 실험환경본시스템의동작상태를검증하기위해 [ 그림 6] 과같이 Zigbee 모듈을이용하여통신환경을테스트한다. 추가적으로. Xbee PRO S2B 모듈의통신거리를넓히기위해서 Xbee S2B RA-SMA 안테나를사용한다. 표 1. Bomb Passing 알고리즘실험결과 Table. 1 Bomb Passing Algorithm Results Status Node #0 Node #1 Node #2 Wired Node #2 idle Node #1, 2 idle Node #0, 1, 2 idle 표 2. Jump Passing 알고리즘실험결과 Table. 2 Jump Passing Algorithm Results 그림 6. Xbee PRO S2B 무선모듈 Fig. 6 Xbee PRO S2B module Status Node #0 Node #1 Node #0 Wired Node #2 idle Node #1, 2 idle Node #0, 1, 2 idle Xbee PRO S2B를테스트하기위해 SIU를대신하여 3대의 PC를가시거리 500m 지점에배치하여통신여부를확인한다. 또한베터리운용테스트를위해라즈베리파이B+ 보드와 Xbee PRO S2B를사용해서배터리실험은진행한다 ( 그림 7). 그림 7. 배터리테스트환경 Fig. 7 Battery Test 위의 [ 표 1],[ 표 2] 에서유무선상태는각노드의유선연결상태를말한다. 노드가 idle되었다는것은유선이차단되어무선으로스위칭되었다는것을의미한다. 응답시간은패킷사이즈를속도로나눈값을의미한다. 가시거리 500m안에 3개의노드가있을때 Bomb Passing과 Jump Passing 방법은노드가모두 idle되었을때 4초이상의응답시간을가졌다. 또한한개의노드가 idle되었을때 (2번노드죽음 ) 2번의응답시간이 4초이상인것을보면한개의여러개의노드가동시에 idle되었을때와한개가 idle되었을때가많은차이는없어보인다. [ 표 3] 에서다음날은미충전상태로이어서시작한다. 5차중단후전압하락 (3.1V) 으로실험을중단했다. 패킷턴은회당 1000바이트전송, 수신을말한다. 5차중단까지운용시간은약 90분가동됨을확인할수있었다. [ 그림 8] 에서보이는지도는수원대학교내에센서노드를배정하고무선통신을실험하는지도를구현한프로그램이다. 1074
5 스마트철조망장력센서를위한유무선이중화알고리즘 표 3. 배터리테스트결과 Table. 3 Battery Testing Results # Trial Start time End time Packet turn During time 1 st stop 9:23:30 9:59: m34s 2 nd stop 10:04:48 10:16: m52s 3 rd stop 10:17:58 10:22: m42s 4 th stop 10:24:20 10:47: m35s Next day th stop 11:47:19 12:07: m25s Ⅴ. 결론배터리운용면에서 90분은무선으로스위칭되고다른보안시스템을운용하기에충분한시간으로판단된다. 하지만무선모듈자체가베터리소모가크므로어떤변수가일어날수도있다. 또한현장에서수 km로연결된장력센서시스템에서무선데이터전송은실험결과의 0,1,2번노드가 idle되었을때보다응답시간이더길어질것이다. 실험에서가시거리 500m는현장에서겪는다른환경을고려하지않은거리기때문이고 SIU사이의거리도가깝게설정했기때문에응답시간에영향을미칠것이다. 향후연구에서는직접장력센서시스템에설비되어있는 SIU에무선모듈을직접설치해서응답시간을고려하고배터리성능을확인할것이다. 추가적으로효율적인프로토콜을이용하여데이터의안정성및신뢰성을높일것이다 [8]. 또한에너지를절약할수있는추가프로토콜도적용할예정이다. 감사의글 그림 8. GUI 프로그램 Fig. 8 GUI Program 4.3. 추후실험계획배터리운용시간을늘리기위한모듈변경및배터리운용방법을다시설정한다. 또한무선으로데이터가전송될때 SIU모듈이다른여러대의 SIU모듈의데이터를모두가지기위해선메모리문제가발생할수있으므로메모리를확장하거나패킷의크기를조절하는방법을고려해야한다. 패킷을종합하는노드를중간에하나두어 SIU가부담하는메모리의부담을줄이고데이터를종합한다. 이역할을수행하는노드끼리데이터를전송함으로써응답시간을줄이고전송에있어안정성을확보할수있을것이라보고연구를더진행한다. 본연구는 2015년도수원대학교경기도지역협력연구센터 (GRRC) 의지원에의하여이루어진연구로서, 관계부처및연구원들에게감사드림. 또한본연구는경기도의경기도지역협력연구센터 (GRRC) 사업의일환으로수행. [(GRRC 수원2015-B1), 장력기반협동적상황인지및대응시스템 ] REFERENCES [1] J Ciordinik, F Ciordinik, A Penzo, Intrusion Warning Wire Fence, US Patent, [2] DW Poole, G Western, IG McKillop, The effects of fence voltage and the type of conducting wire on the efficacy of an electric fence to exclude badgers (Meles meles), Crop protection, Elsevier, [3] IW Couch, BM Hammer, K Couch, Tension sensing security apparatus and method for fencing, US Patent,
6 [4] HW Oh, IT Han, KR Park, SH Kim, An enhanced multi-path scheme for QoS guarantee in wireless sensor network, Consumer Electronics, [5] P Baronti, P Pillai, VWC Chook, S Chessa, Wireless sensor networks: A survey on the state of the art and the and ZigBee standards, Elsevier, [6] JS Lee, YW Su, CC Shen, A comparative study of wireless protocols: Bluetooth, UWB, ZigBee, and Wi-Fi, Industrial Electronics Society, [7] Zigbee module, [8] J. Kim, Performance Improvement of Efficient Routing Protocol Based on Small End-to-End Sequence Numbers, Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering(KIICE), July 김장영 (Jang-Young Kim) 2005 년 2 월 : 연세대학교컴퓨터과학공학사 2010 년 5 월 : Pennsylvania State Univ. 공학석사 2013 년 7 월 : State University of New York 공학박사 2013 년 8 월 : University of South Carolina 조교수 2014 년 3 월 : 수원대학교컴퓨터학과조교수 관심분야 : Big data, Cloud computing, Networks 1076
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