REVIEW ARTICLE 치의학분야에대한광간섭단층영상기기 (optical coherence tomography) 의적용가능성고찰 표세욱 1 임영준 1 이원진 2 이준재 1 * 1 서울대학교치

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "REVIEW ARTICLE 치의학분야에대한광간섭단층영상기기 (optical coherence tomography) 의적용가능성고찰 표세욱 1 임영준 1 이원진 2 이준재 1 * 1 서울대학교치"

Transcription

1 REVIEW ARTICLE 표세욱 1 임영준 1 이원진 2 이준재 1 * 1 서울대학교치의학대학원치과보철학교실, 2 서울대학교치과대학구강악안면방사선학교실 Study on application to the field of dentistry using optical coherence tomography (OCT) Se-Wook Pyo 1, Young-Joon Lim 1, Won-Jin Lee 2, Jun-Jae Lee 1 * 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Purpose: This paper describes the basic principles and the feasibility of the field of dental diagnosis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) used in diverse field of medical diagnosis. Materials and methods: In this review, the research data of OCT were searched from PubMed, medical journal and related papers. Results: Generally, OCT is noninvasive and is possible to secure an excellent spatial resolution and real-time images of biological microstructure. Conclusion: This review discusses not only the basic principles of operation, types, advantages, disadvantages of OCT but also the future applications of OCT technology and their potential in the field of dental diagnosis. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2017;55:100-10) Keywords: Optical coherence tomography (OCT); Oral diagnosis; Dental imaging 서론 1. 현재치의학관련진단방법및한계 현대치의학에서가장보편적인구강내검사법은시진및촉진등의방법이다. 비정상적인부분에대한능동적인관찰로정보를얻고, 임상검사정보를바탕으로환자의상태를진단하는것이다. 이러한시진, 촉진등의방법으로확인이불가능한영역에대해서는임상검사를보완하는방사선촬영검사를시행한다. 방사선검사는육안상으로알수없는치조골상태및개개치아의상세한정보를제공한다. 현재활용되고있 는영상치의학적접근법으로는파노라마방사선촬영및치근단방사선촬영, 3 차원적인정보를제공하는전산화단층촬영 (CT; computerized tomography), 그리고경조직을포함한연조직의상태까지알려주는자기공명영상 (MRI; magnetic resonance imaging) 검사법등이있다. 하지만현재영상학적검사법으로는마이크론단위의미세한부위를검사하기에많은한계가있다. 따라서증상이없는구강내초기질환은조기에발견이어렵고, 어느정도진행된질환만이나타나게된다. 이러한제약을극복하고자개발된방법이빛을이용한광학촬영법 (optical imaging) 이다. Table 1 에치과용광간섭단층영상기기와다른영상장치의장단점을비교하여나타내었다. *Corresponding Author: Jun-Jae Lee Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea +82 (0) : , jazzyguts@gmail.com Article history: Received July 11, 2016 / Last Revision September 7, 2016 / Accepted September 9, 2016 c cc 2017 The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (NRF-2015M3A9E ). 100 pissn , eissn

2 Table 1. Comparison of the dental OCT and other medical imaging equipment Type Advantage Weakness X-ray low cost radiation exposure wide measurement range low resolution only 2D image Dental CT wide measurement range no real-time image 3D image available radiation exposure low resolution Intraoral digital camera low cost surface observation only no radiation exposure Periodontal probe low cost low sensitivity wide measurement range no image invasive method OCT high resolution limited penetration depth and scan range real-time image acquisition 3D image available 2. 광단층영상법 (OCT) 도입및적용분야 광학촬영법은기존방사선촬영법에비해서우수한분해능을가진다는장점이있다. 그중에서도광간섭단층촬영법 (Optical Coherence Tomography, 이하 OCT) 은비침습적인방법으로조직의단층면정보를제공하는데이내용은 1991 년 Science 지에서처음으로소개되었다. 1 OCT 는빛의간섭현상을기초로하는광학적진단도구로서초기에는눈의망막이나혈관내동맥경화반과같은얇은생체조직의두께를보존적으로측정하기위해서개발되었다. 2 현재안과에서가장활발하게이용및개발되고있으며, 3 그밖에소화기내과, 4 피부과, 5 치과 6 를포함한임상에서다양하게사용되고있다. 치과분야에서의 OCT 사용은 1998 년돼지모델에서치아의 경조직과연조직에처음적용된후, 7 사람의전치부와구치부치아조직에서도기대했던결과가유사하게나타나면서 6 최근들어 OCT 를이용한치의학적진단이매우일반적이라고할수있을정도로많은사례들이보고되고있다. Table 2 는 OCT 가적용되고있는의료분야의종류와그내용에대해정리하였다 본논문의목적 본논문에서는 OCT 의기본적인원리와종류에대해자세히알아보고 OCT 가현재치의학적진단에어떻게사용되고있으며앞으로어떤분야에적용될수있는지에대해자세하게알아보고자한다. Table 2. Medical applications and contents of OCT Application fields Application contents Ophthalmology Retina (AMD (Age-Related Macular Degeneration), diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, retinal macular hole), anterior eye segment (LASIK surgery before/after flap thickness measurement, measuring intraocular lenses, glaucoma narrow iridocorneal angle measurements) Cardiovascular Risk thrombosis diagnosis, visualization stents, peripheral vascular disease diagnosis Dental X-ray equipment replacement (10-fold higher resolution) Dermatology Diagnosis and treatment of skin/scalp, non-invasive blood glucose measurement Cancer diagnosis Cancer diagnosis and treatment occurred in the bladder (usually diagnostic endoscopic type), stomach, lung, uterine, breast, skin etc. Urology Diagnosis and surgery for prostate, bladder and related diseases Non-medical fields Jewelry appraisal, fingerprint detection, medical equipment test, industrial measuring devices, measuring devices for MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) equipment, pharmaceuticals coating state analysis, polymer characterization, thin film thickness measurement, inspection wipers Data source: Optical Coherence Tomography 2010: Technology, Applications and Markets, Strategies Unlimited, 대한치과보철학회지 55 권 1 호, 2017 년 1 월 101

3 본론 1. OCT 의기본적인원리 OCT 의기본적인원리는현재의학적진단용으로활발하게사용되고있는초음파검사와비교하여설명할수있다. 초음파기술은생체조직에초음파를입사시키고조직내에서반사된신호를검출하여영상을처리하게된다. 같은원리로 OCT 의경우초음파대신적외선 (infrared light) 을생체조직내에입사시키고반사광을검출하게되는데, 빛은초음파와달리매질속에서의진행속도가빨라현존하는전자회로로는검출이쉽지않기때문에광간섭계 (interferometer) 를사용하여신호를검출한다. 9 OCT 는마이켈슨간섭계 (Michelson interferometer) 와공초점현미경 (confocal microscopy) 의원리를이용하는데, 간단히말하면빛의산란에의한광세기의변화를측정하여그것을고해상도영상으로보여주는것이다. 마이켈슨간섭계의원리는 Fig. 1 에서보이는것처럼광원에서나온빛이반은도금거울에서반사광과투과광으로분할되며두개의빛이각각의거울에반사하여다시한곳으로모이는데, 이때두거울의광경로 ( 거리 ) 의차이에따라간섭무늬가다르게나타나는것을푸리에 (Fourier) 변환과같은수치해석학적인방법을이용하여영상으로구현하는것이다. Fig. 2 에서설명하는공초점현미경의원리는광원으로부터발생된빛이이색거울에서반사되고대물렌즈와핀홀을통해도달한초점 위치에서의한점에해당하는정보를광검출기로측정하는것이다. 이러한두가지장치의원리를적용시킨 OCT 의장점은비교적넓은영역 (30 mm 2 ) 을측정할수있고 10 μm이하의분해능을가지고있으며, 실시간확인이가능할정도로빠른데이터수집과그로인한고해상도의영상변환이그특징이라고할수있다. 또한, 일반적으로는광섬유를기반으로장치를제작하므로기기의크기를소형화하여다양한부위에적용할수있는가능성을보여준다. OCT 의최대단점이자장점이될수있는또하나의특성은조직내부의정보를 2-3 mm 깊이정도까지볼수있다는것인데, 피부의각질층이나내부장기의점막의정보를보다확실하게영상으로보여주므로의학적인측면에서의미가있다. Fig. 3 은 OCT 와다른의료용영상장치들과의분해능및조직침투깊이를비교한그래프이다. 10 Fig. 2. The principle of confocal microscopy. 1 μm Fig. 1. The principle of the Michelson interferometer. Max. penetration depth 10 μm 100 μm 1 mm 10 mm 100 mm 1 m 10 m 1 μm 1 mm 1 m Resolution Fig. 3. Comparison of resolution and tissue penetration depth with OCT and other medical imaging equipment. (Data source: OCT supports industrial nondestructive depth analysis. Laser Focus World ) 대한치과보철학회지 55 권 1 호, 2017 년 1 월

4 2. OCT 의분류 OCT 는스캐닝속도와영상을표현하는방법을기준으로하여종류를구별할수있다 년 MIT 에서처음으로개발된 OCT 는광섬유기반의마이켈슨간섭계를바탕으로제작된 time domain 방식, 즉 TD-OCT 이다. TD-OCT 는마이켈슨간섭계의기준거울 (Reference arm) 이움직이면서다양한광경로길이 (optical path length) 를만들어내면, 이것이측정하려는표본으로부터반사된고유의광경로길이와겹치면서간섭이발생하고광경로차이 (optical path difference) 에따른간섭무늬의변화가생긴다. 이때생기는광경로차이는광원에서사용된빛파장의정수배만큼차이가나게된다. 11 그리고광신호를전기신호로변환할수있는광다이오드 (PD; photodiode) 를이용하면그차이를수치로변환이가능하다. 하지만이것은 1 세대 OCT 로서최근에는낮은신호감도와느린스캔속도의한계때문에거의연구되지않고있는추세이다. 이후 1995 년 frequency domain 또는 fourier domain 방식의 FD-OCT 가등장하면서지금까지활발하게연구가이루어지고있는데, 이것은 2 세대 OCT 라고할수있다. FD-OCT 는 TD-OCT 에비하여깊이방향스캐닝 (A-Scanning) 속도가빠르고, 신호대잡음비 (SNR; signal to noise ratio) 가우수하다는장점을가진다. 이것은마이켈슨간섭계의원리를동일하게사용하지만, 기준거울은고정된상태에서조직내부에서산란되는신호의파장성분을검출하여푸리에변환을시킴으로써깊이정보를획득하는원리를이용한다. Fig. 4 는 TD- OCT 와 FD-OCT 의기본작동원리를보여준다. 이러한 FD-OCT 는회절격자와푸리에변환렌즈및광검출기로구성된분광기를사용하여이미지를얻는 spectral domain 방식 (SD-OCT) 과광원 자체의중심파장을바꾸면서하나의검출기를사용하는 swept source 방식 (SS-OCT) 이있다. 12 Table 3 은 SS-OCT 와 SD-OCT 의특징을비교한표이다. Fig. 5 는 SD-OCT 와 SS-OCT 의구동방식을간단히설명해준다. 13 SD-OCT 의경우에파장성분을검출하기위해회절격자를이용하는데, 회절격자는파장성분에따라서간섭무늬를공간적으로분산시킨다. 이렇게공간적으로분산된파장성분에따른광세기를광검출기를가진 CCD 카메라로측정하는것이다. 3 세대 OCT 인 SS-OCT 는고화질및고속영상획득이장점으로 TD-OCT 에비해프레임수에서 5 배, 영상획득시간에서 10 배이상의성능향상을가져올수있고, 5 cm 의혈관을스캔할경우약 2-3 초내에 270 프레임이상의영상을획득할수있다고알려져있다. SS-OCT 의성능은파장가변광원의스펙트럼과파장가변특성에의해서결정된다. 최근에는기술이비약적으로발전하여 100 nm 가넘는넓은파장대역을 1 MHz 이상의높은반복률로파장가변이가능한광원이보고되었으며, 2 차원단층영상의실시간재현을넘어서 3 차원입체영상을실시간으로재현하는수준에까지이르고있다. 14 Table 3. Feature comparison of SD-OCT vs SS-OCT SD-OCT SS-OCT Light source SLD Swept laser (Superluminescent Diode) Center wavelength 840 nm 1,050 nm A-scan rate 50,000 Hz 100,000 Hz Resolution (x) 20 μm 20 μm B-scan measurement time 1.0 sec (50x) 1.0 sec (96x) Imaging depth 2.3 mm 2.6 mm A B Fig. 4. The schematics of (A) TD-OCT and (B) FD-OCT. 대한치과보철학회지 55 권 1 호, 2017 년 1 월 103

5 Table 4. Types and principles of OCT by image representation OCT types Methods Principles TD-OCT Time domain Michelson interferometer FD-OCT SD-OCT Frequency domain or Fourier domain Spectral domain SS-OCT Swept source PS-OCT Polarization sensitive Polarized light by the birefringence Doppler OCT Doppler effect A B Fig. 5. Block diagrams of the OCT methods with the use of Fourier-domain detection. (A) Spectral OCT, (B) Swept source OCT. 이밖에도다양한영상처리기술들이접목되어단순한해부학적인영상을획득하는것을넘어체내의화학적인변화나동적인움직임까지구분할수있는 OCT 가있는데이것의대표적인방법이 polarization sensitive 방식의 PS-OCT 이다. 입사광에의한조직에서의산란이나반사에대한정보만이아니고편광성분의변화를측정하여기존의 OCT 에서볼수없었던조직의상태에대한정보를제공해줄수있는장치이다. 15 이기술에있어서가장중요한부분이라고하면, 인체를구성하는대부분의생체조직의경우비등방성특성으로인해복굴절의성질을보이는데이를이용하여콜라겐단백질의변성과같은정보를얻을수있다는점이다. 16 이방법으로조직의내부변성이나상처의치유과정등을모니터링할수있기때문에최근들어많은관심의대상이되고있다. 또한, 동적인움직임을측정하는 OCT 로조직내의혈류등과같은움직임이있는부분에서산란되는광신호가도플러현상에의해변화하는것을이용하는 doppler OCT 도활발하게연구중에있다. 17 앞서설명한 OCT 의종류에대해 Table 4 에간단하게정리하였다. 3. OCT 의치의학적적용 치의학분야에서초창기 OCT 의사용은장비의크기나광원제조기술의한계로구강내경조직과연조직의형태분석을중심으로한연구위주였다 하지만최근 OCT 기술이점차발달하면서치아우식이나치주질환같은질병의진단도구로서자리잡고있다. OCT 는단순히영상을제공하는기기를넘어서구강질환의초기발견을위한비침습적진단방법으로각광받고있다. 3.1 치아및치아주위조직의구조및형태학적평가 1998 년 Colston 등 6,7 은처음으로 1310 nm 광원의 TD-OCT 를이용한치아의영상을 17 μm분해능의현미경사진과비교하는연구를발표하였다. 하지만이연구에서는당시 OCT 의충분하지못한조직투과능력으로인해단순히치아의표면특성만을분석하였다는한계가있다. 또한, 생체외에서적용한실험으 104 대한치과보철학회지 55 권 1 호, 2017 년 1 월

6 로서돼지의치아모델에서백악법랑경계부와치은치아경계부의영상이라는한계점이있었다. 이를개선하기위한연구로 2000 년 Otis 등 20 은인간의치아조직을대상으로한생체내실험결과를보고하였다. 이실험에서사용된 OCT 의중심파장은 1310 nm 로 12 μm의분해능을보여주었다. 비록작은영상이지만비교적깊은깊이 (3 mm) 의영상을획득하였으며치아의법랑상아경계부 (DEJ) 와치주조직영상까지분석하였다. Feldchtein 등 18 은경구개점막과치은점막의영상도볼수있음을확인하였다. 경구개점막에서는가장상부에편평상피가 170 μm, 그아래로고유판층이 200 μm두께로나타났다. 치은점막에서는 650 μm두께까지확인하였으나편평상피층과고유판층의뚜렷한경계를볼수는없었다. 또한, 이들은 polarization 방식으로도치아경조직을분석하여법랑질, 상아질, 그리고법랑상아경계부가명확하게구분된영상을얻을수있다는것을보고하였다. Warren 등 21 은치축에따라치아구조를세로로더욱자세히살펴보았다. 그결과, 치관측은법랑질에서상아질까지, 그리고치근쪽의백악질에서상아질까지의영상을얻을수있었다. OCT 는이와같은치아구조의형태분석뿐만아니라, 치아의균열 (crack) 과미세누출 (microleakage) 을탐지하는데있어서도효과적으로사용될수있다. 치아의균열이라고함은치아표면에눈에보이지않는틈이생기는것을말하는데이러한치아의균열이계속진행되면발치로이어질가능성이있다. Imai 등 22 은 DEJ 상방에생긴법랑질균열의확대영상을 OCT 로분석하였고, Ishibashi 등 23 은레진수복물하방에생긴미세누출을알아보기위해 OCT 를사용하였다. Braz 등 24 은치과용소형 OCT 프로브를직접제작하여실제로구강내에서영상을통해미세누출의크기 (401 μm 148 μm ) 를측정하였고, 이는실제크기와굉장히비슷하다는것을확인할수있었다. 최근에는 OCT 를이용하여치수 - 상아질복합체의영상을분석한발표도있었다. 이연구에서는 OCT 영상으로상아질과치수를구별 할수있음을보여주었고, 결과적으로치수상방에남은상아질양을평가하는데효과적이라는결론을내렸다. Fig. 6 은저자가직접관찰한치아법랑질표면의 OCT 영상을보여주고있다. 3.2 치아우식과치아마모및교모의평가 치아우식은치의학분야에서가장기초적이면서중요한질환중하나이다. 치아우식은높은유병률을나타내며, 연령에크게상관없이고르게분포하는특징이있다. 또한, 치아마모는교합면이나치경부에서치아구조의일부가상실되면서나타나는현상이다. 그러므로 OCT 가치아우식의초기단계를발견하는데유용하게쓰일수있는이유는치아의법랑질에서는복굴절현상이나타나고상아세관을통한빛의비등방성진행도함께일어나는특성때문이다. 따라서치아우식을탐지하기위해서빛의복굴절현상을이용하는 PS-OCT 를적용하는연구가많아지고있다. Baumgartner 등 25 은치아우식에 PS- OCT 를적용한영상을처음으로발표하였고, Wang 등 19 은상아질과법랑질에서복굴절현상을측정하였으며, 법랑소주가파장이진행하는도관과같은역할을한다고주장하였다. 뿐만아니라치아경조직과수복물은빛의산란특성에서확연한차이점이존재하므로 2 차우식의진단에도 PS-OCT 가적합하다고하였다. 26,27 PS-OCT 는보통가장초기단계의우식을진단하는데사용되는데, 이는초기단계우식에서표면의탈회정도를평가할수있기때문이다 최근에는 OCT 시스템에통합미세전자기계체계 (MEMS: Micro Electro Mechanical System) 를이용한스캔이가능해지면서 3 차원적인영상도제공하게되었다. 32 이로인해초기탈회부위부터심한우식부위까지빠르게탐지할수있게되었다. A B Fig. 6. Image obtained from a distinct enamel crack. (A) A photo examination of the enamel crack using transillumination(arrow) in which SS-OCT scanning was performed along the red line. (B) An SS-OCT image along the red line in (A). (Image courtesy of Korea Photonics Technology Institute). 대한치과보철학회지 55 권 1 호, 2017 년 1 월 105

7 3.3 치주질환의평가 치주염은구강내만성질환중에서가장흔하게나타난다. 인구의 50% 이상에서나타날정도로유병률이높고, 치주염이심하게진행되면치아를발치해야하므로조기에발견하여치료하는것이중요하다. 현재까지치주분야에서는치주조직및치은연하치석을관찰하는연구가이루어졌다. 앞서언급했듯이, Colston 등 7 이치주조직의평가에 OCT 를처음으로적용하였고, Feldchtein 등 18 이치은점막에서상피층과고유판층의분석을시도하였다. Baek 등 33 은쥐를대상으로교정적치아이동을하는과정에서치주인대의상태를 OCT 로평가했다. Hsieh 등 34 은치은연하의치석을확인하기위해생체외실험으로 0.8 mm 의치은으로덮혀있는치석이있는치아를돼지모델에서평가하였다. 이실험에서법랑질, 상아질, 백악질, 치석의굴절률은각각 ± 0.024, ± 0.029, ± 0.021, ± 로측정되었다. 굴절률을알면정상조직과치석을손쉽게구별할수있다. 3.4 구강암평가 구강암의치료에있어서생존률을결정하는가장중요한요인은구강암의진행정도를구별하는병기 (stage) 이다. 초기에구강암진단을받은경우에는최소의침습적인치료로장기간생존률이향상될수있다. Wilder-Smith 등 35 은 OCT 가암이발생하는단계에서상피와상피하조직의신생물형성을탐지할수있다고보고하였다. Jung 등 36 은햄스터볼주머니를이용한실험에서 OCT 를이용하여같은결과를보여주었고, Doppler OCT 를이용한 3 차원영상으로구강암조직을더선명하게진단할수있음을보여주었다. 또한, 나노입자를이용하여구강암초기단계에서 OCT 의선명한영상을얻을수있었다는보고도있다. 37 그외의연구들로, Tsai 등 38 은 SS-OCT 를이용하여편평상피세포암 (squamous cell carcinoma) 의진행정도에따라 Mild dysplasia (MiD), Moderate dysplasia (MoD), Early-stage SCC (ES-SCC), Well-developed SCC (WD-SCC) 의 4 단계로분류하였다. 각단계에따른 OCT 의영상을비교하였을때, MiD 와 MoD 의전암병소와 ES- SCC 와 WD-SCC 의암병소는구별이가능한것을확인하였다. 그리고 Lee 등 39 은구강점막하섬유증 (oral submucous fibrosis) 에서도 OCT 를통한진단이가능할수있음을보여주었다. 이처럼 OCT 는구강암의조기진단, 병리학적발병원인, 악성변화의예후측정, 종양재발의위험도및치료에대한종양의반응정도를알아보는데효과적일수있다. 중요하다. 보철물과의적합도가좋지않을경우치아와보철물사이의간격이발생하게되고그사이로각종세균및음식물이끼게되면 2 차우식증등의부작용이발생하게되는원인이될수있다. 그러므로보철물의하부코어적합도의우수성이보철치료의예후를높일수있는척도라할수있다. 이러한보철물의적합도를측정하기위한기존의방법으로는마이크로 CT (Micro computed tomography) 를이용한방법이있지만장비가고가이고, 측정시간이오래걸린다는단점이있다. 이러한단점을극복하기위하여 Kim 과 Kim 40 은 OCT 를이용하여치과용지르코니아코어의적합도를분석하여임상적허용수치를넘지않는범위내의내면적합도를측정할수있음을보였다. Fig. 7 은 OCT 를이용하여지르코니아코어와치아내면적합도를관찰하고측정한이미지이다. 최근심미성및생체적합도가높은지르코니아보철재료의사용이급격히증가하고있는추세를감안할때, 실시간측정이가능하고고해상도의특징을가지는 OCT 의치과보철학에대한수요는증가할것으로사료된다. 3.6 기타치의학관련질환평가 OCT 를이용하여기본적인치아우식, 치주질환, 구강암의진단을하는것이외에도편평태선, 유천포창, 또는혈관질환과같은점막병변의진단에적용될수있는가능성이있으며, 41 근관치료영역에서는상악제 1 대구치의 MB2 근관을찾거나, 42 수 3.5 치과보철물의변연적합도평가 치과용보철물이구강내에서본래의기능을수행하기위해서는치아와해당보철물과의적합도를평가하는것이가장 Fig. 7. Marginal image of zirconia core and teeth by using OCT (coping: zirconia core, die: plaster cast, gap: marginal fidelity, surface: surface of zirconia core), (with permission from J Korean Content Soc 40 ). 106 대한치과보철학회지 55 권 1 호, 2017 년 1 월

8 A B C D Fig. 8. Measurement of marginal fit between implant and abutment using 3-D OCT. (A) OCT image of the control which was tightened without stainless steel plates with three-dimensional (3-D) OCT image. (B) The sample in (a) overlaid with porcine gingiva (GN). Implant surface is in a close proximity to the GN. (C) Increased signal intensity at the implant-abutment interface corresponds to gap between an implant and an abutment in OCT image (arrows). The length of this line indicates GS. The bottom image is a 3-D OCT scan. (D) Porcine tissue covering the implant-abutment interface. The gap (arrows) can be clearly observed in this sample (with permission from J Biomed Opt 45 ). 복영역에서는세라믹수복물과치아의접착계면부위를평가할수도있다. 43,44 또한, 임플란트영역에서는임플란트와지대주사이의변연적합도를알아보는데있어서도효과가있는것으로나타났다. 45 Fig. 8 은임플란트와지대주사이의변연적합도를 OCT 촬영을통해분석한사진이다. 결론 현대의학의영상진단법으로 X 선을이용하는 X-ray 와 CT, 자기장을이용하는 MRI, 감마선을이용하는 PET, 초음파를이용하는초음파검사에이어적외선을이용하는 OCT 라는새로운분야가개척되고있다. 이는기존영상진단도구들과달리빛의광학적인특징을이용한검사법으로안과, 피부과, 심혈관계, 소화기계, 비뇨기계통뿐만아니라치과적영역까지널리적용되고있다. 치의학영역에서의 OCT 는크게치아의형태학적문제분석 ( 치아균열, 치질결손부, 법랑질및상아질잔존두께측정등 ) 과초기치아우식및탈회부위, 치은연하치석탐지, 구강암병소의진행상태확인, 연조직질환의진단, 치아 - 수복물계면 의미세누출및임플란트의보철물변연적합도평가에사용되고있다. OCT 는이미개발된지 25 년정도지났고많은기술의발전으로치의학분야에서도활발히사용되고있지만, 아직구강내에적용하기에는많은한계점이있다. 처음에의료용으로제작되었기때문에조직이나점막을기준으로광원의파장이결정되어치아주위의연조직에서는깊이를예측하기에빛의흡수나산란이적당하지만, 치아경조직에서는산란의정도가심해진다는점이가장큰문제점이라고할수있다. 구강내에는법랑질, 상아질등과같은치아의경조직뿐만아니라금속이나세라믹으로이루어진보철물이있는경우도흔하다. 따라서일반적으로개발되어사용되고있는 1310 nm 의파장보다긴파장의광원을사용하는등새로운광원이개발된다면경조직및보철물의진단까지영역을확장하여치의학분야에서더좋은결과를가져올수있을것이라판단된다. ORCID Jun-Jae Lee 대한치과보철학회지 55 권 1 호, 2017 년 1 월 107

9 References 1. Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, Schuman JS, Stinson WG, Chang W, Hee MR, Flotte T, Gregory K, Puliafito CA, Fujimoto JG. Optical coherence tomography. Science 1991;254: Brezinski ME, Tearney GJ, Weissman NJ, Boppart SA, Bouma BE, Hee MR, Weyman AE, Swanson EA, Southern JF, Fujimoto JG. Assessing atherosclerotic plaque morphology: comparison of optical coherence tomography and high frequency intravascular ultrasound. Heart 1997;77: Wang Y, Bower BA, Izatt JA, Tan O, Huang D. Retinal blood flow measurement by circumpapillary Fourier domain Doppler optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2008;13: Poneros JM, Brand S, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ, Compton CC, Nishioka NS. Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography. Gastroenterology 2001;120: Pierce MC, Strasswimmer J, Hyle Park B, Cense B, De Boer JF. Birefringence measurements in human skin using polarizationsensitive optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2004;9: Colston BW, Sathyam Jr US, Dasilva LB, Everett MJ. Dental OCT. Opt Express 1998;3: Colston BW Jr, Everett MJ, Da Silva LB, Otis LL, Stroeve P, Nathel H. Imaging of hard- and soft-tissue structure in the oral cavity by optical coherence tomography. Appl Opt 1998;37: Optical Coherence Tomography 2010: Technology, Applications and Markets, Strategies Unlimited, Leitgeb R, Hitzenberger C, Fercher A. Performance of fourier domain vs. time domain optical coherence tomography. Opt Express 2003;11: OCT supports industrial nondestructive depth analysis. Laser Focus World Hsieh YS, Ho YC, Lee SY, Chuang CC, Tsai JC, Lin KF, Sun CW. Dental optical coherence tomography. Sensors (Basel) 2013;13: Fercher AF, Drexler W, Hitzenberger CK, Lasser T. Optical coherence tomography-principles and applications. Rep Prog Phys 2003;66: Maciej Wojtkowski, High-speed optical coherence tomography: basics and applications, Appl Opt 2010;49: Wieser W, Biedermann BR, Klein T, Eigenwillig CM, Huber R. Multi-megahertz OCT: High quality 3D imaging at 20 million A-scans and 4.5 GVoxels per second. Opt Express 2010;18: Strasswimmer J, Pierce MC, Park BH, Neel V, de Boer JF. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography of invasive basal cell carcinoma. J Biomed Opt 2004;9: Sakai S, Yamanari M, Lim Y, Nakagawa N, Yasuno Y. In vivo evaluation of human skin anisotropy by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2011;2: Yazdanfar S, Rollins AM, Izatt JA. In vivo imaging of human retinal flow dynamics by color Doppler optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121: Feldchtein F, Gelikonov V, Iksanov R, Gelikonov G, Kuranov R, Sergeev A, Gladkova N, Ourutina M, Reitze D, Warren J. In vivo OCT imaging of hard and soft tissue of the oral cavity. Opt Express 1998;3: Wang XJ, Milner TE, de Boer JF, Zhang Y, Pashley DH, Nelson JS. Characterization of dentin and enamel by use of optical coherence tomography. Appl Opt 1999;38: Otis LL, Everett MJ, Sathyam US, Colston BW Jr. Optical coherence tomography: a new imaging technology for dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 2000;131: Warren JA, Gelikonov GV, Gelikonov VM, Feldchtein FI, Beach NM, Moores MD, Reitze DH. Imaging and characterization of dental structure using optical coherence tomography. Pros Laser Electro Optic CLEO 1998; Imai K, Shimada Y, Sadr A, Sumi Y, Tagami J. Noninvasive crosssectional visualization of enamel cracks by optical coherence tomography in vitro. J Endod 2012;38: Ishibashi K, Ozawa N, Tagami J, Sumi Y. Swept-source optical coherence tomography as a new tool to evaluate defects of resin-based composite restorations. J Dent 2011;39: Braz AK, Kyotoku BB, Gomes AS. In vitro tomographic image of human pulp-dentin complex: optical coherence tomography and histology. J Endod 2009;35: Baumgartner A, Hitzenberger CK, Dichtl S, Sattmann H, Moritz A, Sperr W, Fercher AF. Optical coherence tomography of dental structures. Lasers in Dent 1998;3248: Fried D, Xie J, Shafi S, Featherstone JD, Breunig TM, Le C. Imaging caries lesions and lesion progression with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2002;7: Le MH, Darling CL, Fried D. Automated analysis of lesion depth and integrated reflectivity in PS-OCT scans of tooth demineralization. Lasers Surg Med 2010;42: Lee C, Darling CL, Fried D. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomographic imaging of artificial demineralization on exposed surfaces of tooth roots. Dent Mater 2009;25: Wu J, Fried D. High contrast near-infrared polarized reflectance images of demineralization on tooth buccal and occlusal surfaces at lambda = 1310-nm. Lasers Surg Med 2009;41: Chen Y, Otis L, Piao D, Zhu Q. Characterization of dentin, enamel, and carious lesions by a polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography system. Appl Opt 2005;44: Louie T, Lee C, Hsu D, Hirasuna K, Manesh S, Staninec M, Darling CL, Fried D. Clinical assessment of early tooth demineralization using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. Lasers Surg Med 2010;42: Fried D, Staninec M, Darling C, Kang H, Chan K. Monitoring tooth demineralization using a cross polarization optical coherence tomographic system with an integrated MEMS scanner. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2012; Baek JH, Na J, Lee BH, Choi E, Son WS. Optical approach to the periodontal ligament under orthodontic tooth movement: a preliminary study with optical coherence tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;135: Hsieh YS, Ho YC, Lee SY, Lu CW, Jiang CP, Chuang CC, Wang CY, Sun CW. Subgingival calculus imaging based on swept-source optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2011;16: 대한치과보철학회지 55 권 1 호, 2017 년 1 월

10 35. Wilder-Smith P, Jung WG, Brenner M, Osann K, Beydoun H, Messadi D, Chen Z. In vivo optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis of oral malignancy. Lasers Surg Med 2004;35: Jung W, Zhang J, Chung J, Wilder-Smith P, Brenner M, Nelson JS, Chen Z. Advances in oral cancer detection using optical coherence tomography. IEEE JOST in Quantum Electronics 2005;11: Kim CS, Wilder-Smith P, Ahn YC, Liaw LH, Chen Z, Kwon YJ. Enhanced detection of early-stage oral cancer in vivo by optical coherence tomography using multimodal delivery of gold nanoparticles. J Biomed Opt 2009;14: Tsai MT, Lee CK, Lee HC, Chen HM, Chiang CP, Wang YM, Yang CC. Differentiating oral lesions in different carcinogenesis stages with optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2009;14: Lee CK, Tsai MT, Lee HC, Chen HM, Chiang CP, Wang YM, Yang CC. Diagnosis of oral submucous fibrosis with optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2009;14: Kim JH, Kim KB. Analysis of the marginal and internal fit of dental zirconia core using optical coherence tomography (OCT). J Korea Content Soc 2012;12: Di Stasio D, Lauritano D, Romano A, Salerno C, Minervini G, Gentile E, Serpico R, Lucchese A. In vivo Characterization of oral pemphigus vulgaris by optical coherence tomography. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2015;29: Iino Y, Ebihara A, Yoshioka T, Kawamura J, Watanabe S, Hanada T, Nakano K, Sumi Y, Suda H. Detection of a second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary molars by swept-source optical coherence tomography. J Endod 2014;40: Lin CL, Kuo WC, Yu JJ, Huang SF. Examination of ceramic restorative material interfacial debonding using acoustic emission and optical coherence tomography. Dent Mater 2013;29: Lin CL, Kuo WC, Chang YH, Yu JJ, Lin YC. Examination of ceramic/enamel interfacial debonding using acoustic emission and optical coherence tomography. Dent Mater 2014;30: Kikuchi K, Akiba N, Sadr A, Sumi Y, Tagami J, Minakuchi S. Evaluation of the marginal fit at implant-abutment interface by optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2014;19: 대한치과보철학회지 55 권 1 호, 2017 년 1 월 109

11 REVIEW ARTICLE 표세욱 1 임영준 1 이원진 2 이준재 1 * 1 서울대학교치의학대학원치과보철학교실, 2 서울대학교치과대학구강악안면방사선학교실 목적 : 본논문은다양한의료분야진단에사용되고있는비침습적영상진단장치중낮은투과깊이를가지지만우수한분해능과실시간영상획득이가능한광간섭단층영상기기 (OCT) 의기본작동원리, 종류, 장단점및응용분야등을소개한다. 재료및방법 : 본논문에사용된연구데이터는 PubMed, 의료저널및관련논문을검색하여작성하였다. 결과 : OCT 를이용하여비치습적인방법으로실시간영상획득및고해상도의생물학적미세구조관찰이가능하며이는치아균열, 치아우식, 치아의마모, 치주질환, 구강암, 그리고수복물의미세누출평가등에유용하다. 결론 : 현재다양한치의학적진단에 OCT 가사용되고있으며, 특히치과보철학분야에있어서지르코니아와같은재료의발전과함께더욱활용범위가넓어질것으로판단된다. ( 대한치과보철학회지 2017;55:100-10) 주요단어 : 광간섭단층영상기기 ; 구강진단 ; 치과영상 * 교신저자 : 이준재 서울시종로구대학로 101 서울대학교치과대학치과보철학교실 : , jazzyguts@gmail.com 원고접수일 : 2016 년 7 월 11 일 / 원고최종수정일 : 2016 년 9 월 7 일 / 원고채택일 : 2016 년 9 월 9 일 c 2017 대한치과보철학회 cc 이글은크리에이티브커먼즈코리아저작자표시-비영리 3.0 대한민국라이선스에따라이용하실수있습니다. 이논문은정부 ( 미래창조과학부 ) 의재원으로한국연구재단의지원을받아수행된연구임 (NRF-2015M3A9E ). 110 대한치과보철학회지 55 권 1 호, 2017 년 1 월

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

ABSTRACT QLF Concept and Clinical Implementation Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University Baek Il Kim, D.D.S., Ph.D. The leading paradigm of dentistry

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

서강대학교 기초과학연구소대학중점연구소 심포지엄기초과학연구소

서강대학교 기초과학연구소대학중점연구소 심포지엄기초과학연구소 2012 년도기초과학연구소 대학중점연구소심포지엄 마이크로파센서를이용한 혈당측정연구 일시 : 2012 년 3 월 20 일 ( 화 ) 14:00~17:30 장소 : 서강대학교과학관 1010 호 주최 : 서강대학교기초과학연구소 Contents Program of Symposium 2 Non-invasive in vitro sensing of D-glucose in

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 16 Jul.; 27(7), 64662. http://dx.doi.org/./kjkiees.16.27.7.646 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226 (Online) 2D Microwave Image

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770>

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770> J of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc 15(5)497-504(2013) eissn: 2287-4747 http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.5.497 pissn: 2233-8292 도로터널의 갱구부 경관설계가 터널 내부조명에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 이미애 1 ㆍ이동희 2 * 1 아이라이트 대표이사 2

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

08김현휘_ok.hwp

08김현휘_ok.hwp (Regular Paper) 21 3, 2016 5 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 3, May 2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2016.21.3.369 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a), a) An Audio Coding Technique Employing the Inter-channel

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 26(10),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 26(10), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Sep.; 26(10), 907 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.10.907 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Prediction

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

TEL:02)861-1175, FAX:02)861-1176 , REAL-TIME,, ( ) CUSTOMER. CUSTOMER REAL TIME CUSTOMER D/B RF HANDY TEMINAL RF, RF (AP-3020) : LAN-S (N-1000) : LAN (TCP/IP) RF (PPT-2740) : RF (,RF ) : (CL-201)

More information

<372E20B9DABFB5BBF32E687770>

<372E20B9DABFB5BBF32E687770> 대한치주과학회지 : Vol. 37, No. 2(Suppl.), 2007 New maxillary anterior ridge classification according to ideal implant restorative position determined by CAT Young-Sang Park 1, Sang-Choon Cho 2, Kyoung-Nam Kim

More information

EndoFest Korea(제4회)-편집.hwp

EndoFest Korea(제4회)-편집.hwp A-III. Recent Advance in Imaging and Endoscopic Treatments Room A Optical Coherence Tomography 의원리및내시경응용 고려대학교생체의공학과 Principles of Optical Coherence Tomography and Its Applications with Endoscopy Beop-Min

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

High Resolution Disparity Map Generation Using TOF Depth Camera In this paper, we propose a high-resolution disparity map generation method using a lo

High Resolution Disparity Map Generation Using TOF Depth Camera In this paper, we propose a high-resolution disparity map generation method using a lo High Resolution Disparity Map Generation Using TOF Depth Camera In this paper, we propose a high-resolution disparity map generation method using a low-resolution Time-Of- Flight (TOF) depth camera and

More information

À±½Â¿í Ãâ·Â

À±½Â¿í Ãâ·Â Representation, Encoding and Intermediate View Interpolation Methods for Multi-view Video Using Layered Depth Images The multi-view video is a collection of multiple videos, capturing the same scene at

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

Ⅰ 개요 1 기술개요 1., MRI X-Ray 2.,, - 2 -

Ⅰ 개요 1 기술개요 1., MRI X-Ray 2.,, - 2 - 광학영상시장 연구개발특구기술글로벌시장동향보고서 2018.3 Ⅰ 개요 1 기술개요 1., MRI X-Ray 2.,, - 2 - (Value-Chain),,,,, - 6 [ 그림 ] 광학영상시장의밸류 - 체인 2 광학영상의활용시장범위 &,, &, - - 3 - -,,,,,,, -, - 4 - Ⅱ 시장동향 2015 9 8,900 12.1%, 2021 17 4,920

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 박건수 *, 서태영 **, 김종욱 *** ". 요약 Abstract The induction melting furnace using electric generator has been introduced since 1920s, and it began to be widely applied to industrial applications due to increasing

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

ePapyrus PDF Document

ePapyrus PDF Document .130-812 103-18 02-2253-2800 02-2253-2809 kdtech@chol.com 370 2013 10 1 1977 11 20 Korean Dental Technologist Association News, 45 8 30. 6 27 2 2. ( ),,,,,,,,,, 13.,,., ( ) 40. 9 27 45 9 27 45 6. (1,272

More information

박선영무선충전-내지

박선영무선충전-내지 2013 Wireless Charge and NFC Technology Trend and Market Analysis 05 13 19 29 35 45 55 63 67 06 07 08 09 10 11 14 15 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 36 37 38 39 40

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun Rate). STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)., -

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun Rate). STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)., - THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Jun.; 29(6), 457463. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.6.457 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Sigma-Delta

More information

한국전지학회 춘계학술대회 Contents 기조강연 LI GU 06 초강연 김동욱 09 안재평 10 정창훈 11 이규태 12 문준영 13 한병찬 14 최원창 15 박철호 16 안동준 17 최남순 18 김일태 19 포스터 강준섭 23 윤영준 24 도수정 25 강준희 26

한국전지학회 춘계학술대회 Contents 기조강연 LI GU 06 초강연 김동욱 09 안재평 10 정창훈 11 이규태 12 문준영 13 한병찬 14 최원창 15 박철호 16 안동준 17 최남순 18 김일태 19 포스터 강준섭 23 윤영준 24 도수정 25 강준희 26 2015 한국전지학회 춘계학술대회 2일차 한국전지학회 춘계 학술대회(신소재 및 시장동향 관련 주제 발표) 시간 제목 비고 세션 1 차세대 이차전지용 in-situ 분석기술 좌장 : 윤성훈 09:00~09:30 Real-time & Quantitative Analysis of Li-air Battery Materials by In-situ DEMS 김동욱(한국화학연구원)

More information

Digital Abutment

Digital Abutment Digital Abutment P25 Digital Abutment Product Catalog 기성 Abutment 보다진화된, Customized Abutment 보다편리한, Digital Abutment! 절치 소구치 대구치 CEJ Cemento Enamel junction Digital Abutment 는 CEJ 를기준으로생성되어보철물의심미성이우수하며,

More information

. 0.. Planck : sec : sec : : m in radian m in ln sec 심장 발 기압

. 0.. Planck : sec : sec : : m in radian m in ln sec 심장 발 기압 . 0.. Planck : sec : sec : : sec sec A . 0.. Planck : sec : sec : : m in radian m in ln sec 심장 발 기압 . 0. sec π . 0.. Planck : sec : sec : : sec sec sec sec . 0.. Planck : sec : sec : : m p = 1u=931.5 MeV

More information

45-51 ¹Ú¼ø¸¸

45-51 ¹Ú¼ø¸¸ A Study on the Automation of Classification of Volume Reconstruction for CT Images S.M. Park 1, I.S. Hong 2, D.S. Kim 1, D.Y. Kim 1 1 Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, 2 Dept. of Radiology,

More information

untitled

untitled J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 16, No. 4, 2016, pp.257-262 http://dx.doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2016.16.4.257 RESEARCH ARTICLE Optical Coherence Tomography 를이용한초기치아우식검사 민지현 청주대학교보건의료대학치위생학과 Assessment of Early Dental

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

노인정신의학회보14-1호

노인정신의학회보14-1호 제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Feb.; 29(2), 93 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.2.93 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) UHF-HF

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR

388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR 6 3 2000 ; 387-392 (3) Dysplastic Nodule Young Nyun Park, M.D., Chanil Park, M.D. Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine BRIEF HISTORY 56. AST/ALT 72/73 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.7

More information

<30352DB1E2C8B9C6AFC1FD2028C8ABB1E2C7F6292036302D36362E687770>

<30352DB1E2C8B9C6AFC1FD2028C8ABB1E2C7F6292036302D36362E687770> 3D 나노-마이크로 프린팅 기술의 현황 홍 기 현 한국기계연구원 부설 재료연구소 표면기술 연구본부 3D Nano-micro Printing Technology Kihyon Hong Korea Institute of Materials Science, Gyeongnam 642-831, Korea Abstract: 최근 3D 프린팅 기술을 이용하여 마이크로, 나노

More information

Jkbcs030(10)( ).hwp

Jkbcs030(10)( ).hwp Treatment of Breast Fibroadenoma with Interstitial Laser Photocoagulation Doo Min Sohn, Hyo Won Lee, Tae Yun Kim, Dan Song, Sung Yong Kim, Chul Wan Lim and Min Hyuk Lee Department of Surgery, College of

More information

untitled

untitled Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2014 March 38(1):10-16 http://dx.doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2014.38.1.10 Original Article QLF-D 와 OCT 를이용한초기인공우식병소의변화탐지 구혜민 1,2,3, 김보라 1,2,3, 강시묵 1,2,3, 정중호 4, 권호근

More information

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할 저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,

More information

의료기기품목별시장환경분석에 관한연구 연세대학교보건환경대학원 의공학전공 김수연

의료기기품목별시장환경분석에 관한연구 연세대학교보건환경대학원 의공학전공 김수연 의료기기품목별시장환경분석에 관한연구 연세대학교보건환경대학원 의공학전공 김수연 의료기기품목별시장환경분석에 관한연구 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - 국문요약 의료기기품목별시장환경분석에관한연구 - vii - 제 1 장서론 1.1. 연구의배경및필요성 1.2. 연구내용및방법 표 1. 국내의료기기생산및수출입실적분석방법 - 각연도에생산,

More information

untitled

untitled Huvitz Digital Microscope HDS-5800 Dimensions unit : mm Huvitz Digital Microscope HDS-5800 HDS-MC HDS-SS50 HDS-TS50 SUPERIORITY Smart Optical Solutions for You! Huvitz Digital Microscope HDS-5800 Contents

More information

상악측절치(dh)

상악측절치(dh) J Korean Academy of Advanced General Dentistry 2014;3:29-33 ABSTRACT Endodontic Treatment of 2 Maxillary Lateral Incisors with Dens Invaginatus; 2 Case Reports Jaemin Lee, Kee-Deog Kim, Bock-Young Jung,

More information

2014_........pdf

2014_........pdf 1, 1, 2, 1 (1, 2 ) Jin Suk Suh 1, Jong In Kim 1, Ryeong Jae Park 2, Sang Bum Park 1 (1 Korea Forest Research Institute, 2 Korea Traditional Dye Institute) Introduction (2011-2013), (VOCs)., (7 ),,. Materials

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

ISO17025.PDF

ISO17025.PDF ISO/IEC 17025 1999-12-15 1 2 3 4 41 42 43 44, 45 / 46 47 48 49 / 410 411 412 413 414 5 51 52 53 54 / 55 56 57 58 / 59 / 510 A( ) ISO/IEC 17025 ISO 9001:1994 ISO 9002:1994 B( ) 1 11 /, / 12 / 1, 2, 3/ (

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT

More information

Slide 1

Slide 1 Clock Jitter Effect for Testing Data Converters Jin-Soo Ko Teradyne 2007. 6. 29. 1 Contents Noise Sources of Testing Converter Calculation of SNR with Clock Jitter Minimum Clock Jitter for Testing N bit

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

jaeryomading review.pdf

jaeryomading review.pdf 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1. S. Kim, H. Y. Jeong, S. K. Kim, S. Y. Choi and K. J. Lee, Nano Lett. 11, 5438 (2011). 2. E. Menard, K. J. Lee, D. Y. Khang, R. G. Nuzzo and J. A. Rogers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84,

More information

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Mar.; 28(3), 163 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.3.163 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PCB

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 논문 10-35-03-03 한국통신학회논문지 '10-03 Vol. 35 No. 3 원활한 채널 변경을 지원하는 효율적인 IPTV 채널 관리 알고리즘 준회원 주 현 철*, 정회원 송 황 준* Effective IPTV Channel Control Algorithm Supporting Smooth Channel Zapping HyunChul Joo* Associate

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

example code are examined in this stage The low pressure pressurizer reactor trip module of the Plant Protection System was programmed as subject for

example code are examined in this stage The low pressure pressurizer reactor trip module of the Plant Protection System was programmed as subject for 2003 Development of the Software Generation Method using Model Driven Software Engineering Tool,,,,, Hoon-Seon Chang, Jae-Cheon Jung, Jae-Hack Kim Hee-Hwan Han, Do-Yeon Kim, Young-Woo Chang Wang Sik, Moon

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 27(6), 495 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.495 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Design

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 276), 504511. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.504 ISSN 1226-3133 Print)ISSN 2288-226X Online) Near-Field

More information

06ƯÁý

06ƯÁý /..... 1) 2012, /.,. 1.1% (2010).,..,......, 1%.., (HEV), (EV). 2-4),,., 90 [(BH) max]60.,. Fig. 1. N48 Nd-Fe-B 50 Alnico 9 1/54., Nd-Fe-B. HEV, EV,,... Dy Fig. 2. 5-7) Dy, Fig. 1.. Fig. 2....,,.,. Nd-Fe-B

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint - 3.공영DBM_최동욱_본부장-중소기업의_실용주의_CRM

Microsoft PowerPoint - 3.공영DBM_최동욱_본부장-중소기업의_실용주의_CRM 中 규모 기업의 실용주의CRM 전략 (CRM for SMB) 공영DBM 솔루션컨설팅 사업부 본부장 최동욱 2007. 10. 25 Agenda I. 중소기업의 고객관리, CRM의 중요성 1. 국내외 CRM 동향 2. 고객관리, CRM의 중요성 3. CRM 도입의 기대효과 II. CRM정의 및 우리회사 적합성 1. 중소기업에 유용한 CRM의 정의 2. LTV(Life

More information

03-16-김용일.indd

03-16-김용일.indd Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography Vol. 33, No. 2, 95-101, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.7848/ksgpc.2015.33.2.95 ISSN 1598-4850(Print) ISSN 2288-260X(Online)

More information

슬라이드 제목 없음

슬라이드 제목 없음 MR Angiography 김재형 서울의대방사선과학교실 ( 분당서울대병원 ) Contents Time-of-flight (TOF) MRA Phase contrast (PC) MRA Contrast-enhanced (CE) MRA Basic principles Clinical application I. Time-of-flight (TOF) MRA Principles:

More information

untitled

untitled CLEBO PM-10S / PM-10HT Megapixel Speed Dome Camera 2/39 3/39 4/39 5/39 6/39 7/39 8/39 ON ON 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9/39 ON ON 1 2 3 4 10/39 ON ON 1 2 3 4 11/39 12/39 13/39 14/39 15/39 Meg gapixel Speed Dome Camera

More information

Contents 이사장 인사말 04 병원장 인사말 05 연혁 06 진료과 소개 08 젊고 건강한 삶을 되찾기 위한 새로운 시작! MH연세병원에서 만날 수 있습니다. 주요센터 소개 14 치과 소개 32 의료장비 소개 34 편의시설 38

Contents 이사장 인사말 04 병원장 인사말 05 연혁 06 진료과 소개 08 젊고 건강한 삶을 되찾기 위한 새로운 시작! MH연세병원에서 만날 수 있습니다. 주요센터 소개 14 치과 소개 32 의료장비 소개 34 편의시설 38 www.mysh.co.kr 경남 창원시 마산합포구 3.15대로 76 (월남동2가): 055. 243. 0100 진료시간 안내 평일 09:00~18:00 / 토요일 09:00~13:00 응급실 24시간 진료 055.240.7777~8 Contents 이사장 인사말 04 병원장 인사말 05 연혁 06 진료과 소개 08 젊고 건강한 삶을 되찾기 위한 새로운 시작!

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

BSC Discussion 1

BSC Discussion 1 Copyright 2006 by Human Consulting Group INC. All Rights Reserved. No Part of This Publication May Be Reproduced, Stored in a Retrieval System, or Transmitted in Any Form or by Any Means Electronic, Mechanical,

More information

좋은 사진 찍는 방법

좋은 사진 찍는 방법 Based on Photo Zone by Klaus Schroiff (Klaus@photozone.de) Translation & Edit by Jihoon Jason Wang (DS2SJT / jasonw@korea.com) - Prologue.. And.. special thanks to Klaus Jason Jihoon Wang (jasonw@korea.com)

More information

°ø±â¾Ð±â±â

°ø±â¾Ð±â±â 20, 30, 40 20, 30, 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3.1 6.3 9.4 12.6 15.7 18.8 22.0 25.1 28.3 31.4 2.4 4.7 7.1 9.4 11.8 14.1 16.5 18.8 21.2 23.6 7.1 14.1 21.2 28.3 35.3 42.4 49.5 56.5 63.6 70.7 5.9 11.9 17.8 23.7

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770>

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 866-871, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.2.866 증강현실을 이용한 아동교육프로그램 모델제안 권미란 1*, 김정일 2 1 나사렛대학교 아동학과, 2 한세대학교 e-비즈니스학과

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 5 : 1031~1039 May. 2015 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과 및 기여도 분석 김방룡 1 홍재표 2* Economic

More information

10(3)-12.fm

10(3)-12.fm w y wz 10«3y 273~280 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment p yá xá½k w y œw (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Analysis of Characteristics of Delivered Nonpoint Source Pollution at Forested Watershed

More information

歯4.PDF

歯4.PDF 21 WDM * OADM MUX/DEMUX EDFA Er + Doped Fiber Isolator Isolator GFF WDM Coupler 1.48 um LD 1.48 um LD Transmitter Receiver MUX EDFA OADM DEMUX Switch Fiber Optics Micro Optics Waveguide Optics Isolator,

More information

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2014 March 38(1): Original Article QLF-D 와 OCT 를이용한초기인공우식병

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2014 March 38(1): Original Article QLF-D 와 OCT 를이용한초기인공우식병 Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2014 March 38(1):10-16 http://dx.doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2014.38.1.10 Original Article QLF-D 와 OCT 를이용한초기인공우식병소의변화탐지 구혜민 1,2,3, 김보라 1,2,3, 강시묵 1,2,3, 정중호 4, 권호근

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 25(3),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 25(3), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2014 Mar.; 25(3), 304310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2014.25.3.304 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Study on Teache Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

63-69±è´ë¿µ

63-69±è´ë¿µ Study on the Shadow Effect of 3D Visualization for Medical Images ased on the Texture Mapping D.Y. Kim, D.S. Kim, D.K. Shin, D.Y. Kim 1 Dept. of iomedical Engineering, Yonsei University = bstract = The

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770>

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770> 양성자가속기연구센터 양성자가속기 개발 및 운영현황 DOI: 10.3938/PhiT.25.001 권혁중 김한성 Development and Operational Status of the Proton Linear Accelerator at the KOMAC Hyeok-Jung KWON and Han-Sung KIM A 100-MeV proton linear accelerator

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

<4D6963726F736F667420506F776572506F696E74202D204D5249B1E2BCFAB5BFC7E2B9D7BDC3C0E5C7F6C8B25F7665725F325B315D205BC8A3C8AF20B8F0B5E55D>

<4D6963726F736F667420506F776572506F696E74202D204D5249B1E2BCFAB5BFC7E2B9D7BDC3C0E5C7F6C8B25F7665725F325B315D205BC8A3C8AF20B8F0B5E55D> MRI 기술동향 및 시장현황 2011.10 Ⅰ.기술 동향 MRI 기술 Road Map 1946년 Bloch & Purcell, 핵 자기공명 현상 발견(1952년 노벨상 수상) 1973년 Lauterbur, 경사자계 시스템(Gradient System) 고안, 최초의 MRI 영상 획득(2003년 노벨상 수상) 1975년 Ernst, MRI에 퓨리에 변환, 신호

More information