490 pissn : , eissn : Case Report J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49:
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1 490 pissn : , eissn : Case Report J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49: 최병완 최병열 * 인제대학교의과대학해운대백병원정형외과학교실, * 전주예수병원정형외과 Intramedullary Osteosclerosis Mimicking Lower Leg Radiating Pain Byung-Wan Choi, M.D., and Byeong-Yeol Choi, M.D.* Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, *Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea Intramedullary osteosclerosis is an uncommon benign condition characterized by endosteal new bone formation in long tubular bone of lower extremity and treatment as well as etiology is unknown. Due to the rarity of this disease, and because there is no specific clinical finding except leg pain, it is difficult to differentiate this entity from other causes presenting similar symptoms. We report on a case of intramedullary osteosclerosis mistaken for radiculopathy from lumbar disease with a review of the literature. Key words: osteosclerosis, radiculopathy 골수강내골경화증 (intramedullary osteosclerosis, IO) 은골내막의 신생골형성을특징으로하는비교적드문양성골병변으로주로 성인에서발생하며이환율은여성에서약간높은것으로보고되 고있다. 1-4) 일반적으로경골과같은하지장관골의간부를일측 성으로침범하거나또는양측을비대칭적으로침범하는양상을 보인다. 1-4) 발생원인은불분명하며명확한치료방법도제시되지 않았다. 주된증상은하지의통증으로정형외과외래를찾는일 반질환에서볼수있는흔한증상이기때문에초진시정확한진 단을내리기가힘들다. 방사선적검사이외에도임상소견, 과거 력및가족력, 혈액적검사소견을모두고려하여야만비슷한특 징을보이는다른질환과의감별진단이가능하다. 1-4) 저자는하 지의지속적인통증에대하여초기에타과에서하요추부기원의 하지방사통으로잘못진단하여장기간치료를받던중추가적인 정밀검사를통하여 IO 로진단되었던드문증례에대하여문헌 고찰과함께보고하는바이다. Received April 11, 2014 Revised May 26, 2014 Accepted June 25, 2014 Correspondence to: Byeong-Yeol Choi, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Presbyterian Medical Center, 68 Seo won-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju , Korea TEL: FAX: docby@hanmail.net 증례보고 33세남자환자로 2년이상지속된좌측하지통증을주소로전주예수병원정형외과외래에내원하였다. 환자는 2년전본원신경외과에서양측하지통증에대하여제4-5 요추간추간판탈출증 ( 우측 ) 및제5 요추- 제1 천추간팽윤성디스크 ( 좌측 ) 진단하에제 4-5 요추간수핵제거술을시행받았다. 술후우측하지통증은크게호전되었으나좌측하지통증은잔존하였다. 이는제5 요추- 제1 천추간디스크병변에의한것으로결론지은후이에대하여약물치료및신경근차단술등의보존적치료를시행하였고이후증상은호전및악화를반복하였다. 통증은장시간보행이나운동후심해진다고하였으나관절운동및일반보행에는큰이상이없었고신경적이상도관찰할수없었다. 환자는일주일전좌측하지의가벼운타박상후통증이악화되어본원정형외과로내원하게되었고당시시행한단순방사선사진상좌측경골의골간단부부터골간부까지이어지는미만성의골경화병변을확인할수있었다. 병변은주로골내막및골수강내에존재하였고골막반응이나연부조직침범은보이지않았다 (Fig. 1). 약간의국소압통은있었으나골수염이나전경골증후군, 피로골절등을의심할만한과거력이나다른임상소견은보이지않았다. 가족중에도같은증상을보이거나골성질환으로치료를받은사람은 The Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association Volume 49 Number Copyright 2014 by The Korean Orthopaedic Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2 491 Figure 1. Radiographs of tibia anteroposterior (A), lateral (B) show sclerosis in the endosteal and intramedullary area of the proximal and mid portion of the tibia (arrows). Figure 2. Whole body bone scan shows intense uptake in the left tibia. Figure 3. (A) T1-weighted axial image shows endosteal sclerosis causing narrowing of the canal of the tibia. Fat-suppressed T1-weighted coronal image (B) and sagittal image (C) show increased intramedullary bone density without surrounding bone edema (arrows). 없었다. 초진시임상증상과방사선검사소견을통해양성골종양혹은경도의만성골수염을의심하여골주사검사및혈액검사를진행하였다. 골주사검사에서좌측경골에국한된섭취증가를확인할수있었다 (Fig. 2). 혈액검사 (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reacted protein [CRP], rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody, serum alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium, phosphorus, 25 vitamin D) 에서는감염이나류마티스질환및교원질환, 골대사질환을의심할만한이상을밝혀내지못했다. 자기공명영상 (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) 촬영에서좌측경골의근위및중간부위에저신호강도의골내막및골수강내경화가관찰되었으며골수의부종이나주위연부조직의침범은없었다 (Fig. 3). 생검은환자의동의를얻지못하여시행하지못하였다. 이상의임상증상및과거력, 가족력, 방사선적검사, 혈액적검사를종합하여가능한다른질환을모두배제한후에 IO로진단 을내릴수있었다. 활동제한, 경구용비스테로이성소염제등의보존적치료를시행하였고추시 6개월째경미한통증은있지만일상생활에는큰제한을보이지않았다. 추시방사선사진상경화성병변의형태나크기는변화없었다. 고찰 IO라는용어는 1988 년 Abdul-Karim 등 1) 에의해처음기술되었고당시보고된 5명의성인환자는특징적으로방사선사진상경골간부에골내막신생골형성및골경화를보이고있었다. 당시환자들은골성질환에대한가족력은없었고혈액적검사도정상이었다. IO는매우드물게발생하는양성골병변으로발병원인이나발생빈도는명확하지않으며보고된증례들을보면주로성인환자들, 특히여성에게서조금더많은발생을보였다. 1-4) 주된증상은이환된하지의통증이며이는활동에의해악화되는경향
3 492 최병완 최병열 이있다고하였다. 2,3) 주로경골간부를일측성으로침범하나양측대퇴골을침범한증례도보고된바있다. 4) 방사선적으로는양성으로보이는골경화가골내막및골수강내에서관찰되고과도한골막신생골형성이나연부조직의이상은보이지않아악성골종양과감별할수있다고하였다. 1-4) 매우드문질환이기때문에진단은과거력, 이학적소견, 검사실소견, 방사선적검사및조직적검사소견을종합하여가능성이있는다른질환을배제함으로써내릴수있다. 본증례의환자는심한활동후에증상이악화된다고하였지만방사선검사상에서피로골절의특징적소견은보이지않았다. 방사선학적검사상장관골의간부에피질골의비후를보이는다른질환, 즉유선상과골증 (melorheostosis), osteopathia striata, Camurati-Englemann 병, 만성경화성골수염 (chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis), Erdheim-Chester 병, ribbing 병과의감별이필요하다. 유선상과골증은골의과골증과주위연부조직및피부의골화및섬유화를보이는질환으로서양초가장관골의축을따라흐르는듯한형태의피질골비후를보여골수강및골내막의비후를주로보이는 IO와차이를보인다. 또한임상증상에서도통증뿐아니라병변부종창및주위관절운동제한등을나타내며골외에도연부조직이나피부의침범을보여 IO와감별할수있다. 5) Osteopathia striata 는방사선사진상장관골의대칭적줄무늬 (striation) 를보이는성염색체우성질환이다. 가족력을보이고통증등의임상증상이없이우연히발견되는점, 골외의다른내부장기의이상을동반하는등의특징을통하여 IO와감별이가능하다. 6) Camurati-Engelmann 병은상염색체우성질환으로보통유년기때부터증상이나타나며통증외에도하지위약, 보행장애, 신경적이상등의증상을보이고혈액적검사상빈혈소견을보일수있다. 반면 IO는가족력이없고보통성인에서발생하며통증외에는다른저명한증상은없고혈액적검사도정상소견을보인다. 방사선적으로는 IO는오로지장관골에서만나타나고일측성병변을보이거나비대칭적으로양측을침범하지만, Camurati- Engelmann 병은대칭적양상의병변을보이고막내골화에의해형성되는골을침범하기때문에장골뿐아니라두개골등에도병변이나타날수있다. 7) Erdheim-Chester 병은전신성조직구질환 (systemic histiocytic disorder) 으로대칭적골형성을보이며, 골간부뿐만아니라간단부도침범을한다. 또한혈액적검사이상 (ESR, CRP 상승, 경도의빈혈 ) 이나골이외의다른기관 ( 폐, 피부, 안구 ) 의침범등의특징을통해 IO와감별할수있다. 8) Ribbing 병은성인하지장골간부의골내막및골막의신생골형성을특징으로하는질환으로 IO와의감별이가장어렵다. 임상증상이나방사선학적소견이비슷할뿐더러혈액적검사상특 이소견이없다는것도감별을힘들게한다. 하지만 ribbing 병의경우에는상염색체열성질환으로가족력을확인할수있고골내막및골수강을침범하는 IO와는달리골막도침범하기때문에골막반응을보일수있으며 MRI 상에서관찰되는주변골수의부종은 ribbing 병에서만관찰할수있다. 9) IO 는병리학적으로경화되고두꺼워진골소주 (trabeculae) 가정상해면골 (spongiosa) 을대체하는소견을보인다. 하지만이는유선상과골증이나 ribbing 병같은피질골의비후를보이는다른질환의조직적소견과상당부분비슷하여조직적검사만으로는감별을하기가힘들다고하였다. 2,4,9) 환자의거부로생검을시행하지못한점은이보고의한계로생각된다. IO에대한특별한치료는밝혀진바없다. 대부분보존적치료를시행하였으며비스테로이드성소염제사용을통한증상호전은제한적이었다. 2-4) 비슷한양상을보이는 ribbing 병의경우비스포스포네이트를치료에이용하기도하였으나골전환 (bone turn over) 이낮고골모세포성활동 (osteoblastic activity) 이강한병변이기때문에파골세포에작용하는비스포스포네이트는큰효과를기대할수없었다고하며, 10) 이는골모세포성활동이강한 IO의경우에도마찬가지일것으로생각된다. Ribbing 병의경우수술적치료로골수강내확공 (intramedullary reaming) 을시행하는경우단기간증상호전을기대할수있다고하였으나, IO의치료에는아직시도된적이없다. 9,10) Ribbing 병의경우통증이원인이골수의부종때문이라는가정하에골수강내확공을치료에적용할수있었지만, IO는골수의부종이없기때문에이론적으로는이러한치료는큰효과가없을것으로생각된다. IO는굉장히드문골질환이나하지통증외에다른특징적인임상소견이나혈액적소견이없어초기진단이힘들기때문에정확한진단을위해서는환자의과거력, 가족력, 임상소견및방사선적검사를통한세심한분석이필요하다. REFERENCES 1. Abdul-Karim FW, Carter JR, Makley JT, et al. Intramedullary osteosclerosis. A report of the clinicopathologic features of five cases. Orthopedics. 1988;11: Chanchairujira K, Chung CB, Lai YM, Haghighi P, Resnick D. Intramedullary osteosclerosis: imaging features in nine patients. Radiology. 2001;220: Balkissoon AR, Hayes CW. Case 14: intramedullary osteosclerosis. Radiology. 1999;212: Skiadas V, Tyllianakis M, Zolota V, Karantanas A. Intramedullary osteosclerosis. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2012;41: Grey AC, Wallace R, Crone M. Engelmann's disease: a 45-year
4 493 follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996;78: Hurt RL. Osteopathia striata-voorhoeve's disease; report of a case presenting the features of osteopathia striata and osteopetrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1953;35: Greenspan A. Sclerosing bone dysplasias--a target-site approach. Skeletal Radiol. 1991;20: Dion E, Graef C, Miquel A, et al. Bone involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease: imaging findings including periostitis and partial epiphyseal involvement. Radiology. 2006;238: Beals RK, Pearson JM, Mansoor A. Ribbing disease: a case report, a review of the literature, and a description of novel treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84: Ziran N, Hill S, Wright ME, et al. Ribbing disease: radiographic and biochemical characterization, lack of response to pamidronate. Skeletal Radiol. 2002;31:714-9.
5 494 pissn : , eissn : Case Report J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49: 최병완 최병열 최병완 최병열 * 인제대학교의과대학해운대백병원정형외과학교실, * 전주예수병원정형외과 골수강내골경화증 (intramedullary osteosclerosis) 은하지장관골의골내막부위의신생골형성을특징으로하는드문양성골질환으로아직발생원인이나치료방법에대하여명확히밝혀진바가없다. 굉장히드문질환이지만하지통증외의다른특징적임상소견이없기때문에같은증상을가진다른질환과의감별이힘들다. 저자들은척추질환에의한방사통으로오인하였던골수강내골경화증환자에대하여문헌고찰과함께보고하고자한다. 색인단어 : 골경화증, 방사통 접수일 2014 년 4 월 11 일수정일 2014 년 5 월 26 일게재확정일 2014 년 6 월 25 일책임저자최병열전주시완산구서원로 68, 전주예수병원정형외과 TEL , FAX , docby@hanmail.net 대한정형외과학회지 : 제 49 권제 6 호 2014 Copyright 2014 by The Korean Orthopaedic Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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