17 1 ( ) J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2007;17(1):31-42 Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in Commercial Office Buildings Jee Yeon Jeong 1 Byung

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1 17 1 (2007 ) J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2007;17(1):1-42 Assessment of door Air Quality in Commercial Office Buildings Jee Yeon Jeong 1 Byung Kyoo Lee 1 Young Gyu Phee 1 Department of Occupational Environment and Health, Yongin University 2 Occupational Safety and Health Research stitute, KOSHA Ministry of Labour Recently, concerns regarding indoor air quality in offices have continued to increase. Thirty offices in five metropolitan commercial buildings were surveyed from February to April Sampling was performed during normal business hours. Thermal comfort factors such as temperature and relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (HCHO), respirable dust, PM were sampled and analyzed to determine the mean, standard deviation, range, and correlation for each of those parameters. The data was then compared to office as standard of Ministry of Labor, and guideline applicable to the indoor environment. The results represented that the temperature was slightly higher than the standard of American Society of Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the relative humidity was lower that the standard of ASHRAE. The range of the 8-TWA concentration of CO2 was 69 ~ 786 ppm, but.% of the total thirty offices exceeded the 00 ppm as ceiling concentration. The concentration of CO was less than ppm, which was similar to that of offices in Japanese. The mean concentration of formaldehyde was 0.02 ppm, and only 2 % of total samples (19) exceeded the 0.1 ppm, standard of formaldehyde in office air. The concentration of respirable dust and PM was not exceeded the standard of those parameters, 150 /. The concentration of those parameters in the office air was statistically correlated. Office, door air quality, Comfort parameter, Carbon dioxide TEL: , jyjung@yongin.ac.kr )

2 2 Woods % sick building syndrome building related illness OSHA, 1994 multiple chemical sensitivity Terr, , Energy formation Administration 79, % 2 9 EIA, ,569 95, , TSI, Model 8672, USA TSI, Model 8762, USA % Zero 0 ppm 0 Span 29.8 ppm 1470 ppm 2 7mm PVC pore size 5 SKC Cat. No , USA L 6 7mm PVC pore size 5 PM SKC Cat. No , USA 2.0 L 6 readability Metller UMT2, USA ,4 DNPH 2,4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine SKC Cat. No. 119, USA 0.5 L 6 Jeong and Paik, 2005

3 Table % 4.6% ASHRAE American Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers % 4.6% ASHRAE 20 0% ASHRAE, 1992 Figure 1 B a b ASHRAE 21 a 1 14.% % ASHRAE 20% b % % Unit Temperature( ) Relative humidity( ) CO2 CO Respirable dust( ) PM( ) Formaldehyde(ppm) Guideline 21 2(winter) 2 26(summer) 20 0(winter) 50 60(summer) 1, Recommend stitute ASHRAE 1) ASHRAE, MOL 2) MOL MOL MOE ) MOL Building N 1) door Temp( ) A B C D. Total 20 6 RH 2) ( ) Temp( ) RH( ) AM ) SD 4) AM SD AM SD AM SD Survey date

4 4 a % ba 50% % ASHRAE 20 0% 50% Temperature( ) and realtive humidity(%) Air temperature in the office a Air temperature in the office b Relative humidity in the office a Relative humidity in the office b temperature a temperature b 0 08:00 :00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 Time Building Time N 1) L 2) 08:0 09:0 :0 11:0 12:0 1:0 14:0 15:0 16:0 17:0 18:0 Mean A B C D

5 5 0% NIOSH 0% NIOSH and EPA, 1991 A B ASHRAE 2 Table ppm ppm ppm ppm 1,000ppm ASHRAE ASHRAE, 2001 ASHRAE 1,000 ppm Ceiling 8 1,000ppm 1 A 1 B 20 D 1 1,000ppm C 1,000ppm Figure 2 Figure 1 Concentartion, ppm A Building B Building C Building D Building Occupational exposure standard Number of sample

6 6 400 ppm ASHRAE, A 2. ppm ppm B 2.1 ppm 2. ppm C.8 ppm.0 ppm D 2. ppm 2. ppm ppm CO2 concentration, ppm door CO2 concentration in buiding A door CO2 concentration in buiding B door CO2 concentration in buiding C door CO2 concentration in buiding D CO2 concentration at buiding A CO2 concentration at buiding B CO2 concentration at buiding C CO2 concentration at buiding D OSHA guide line-insufficient ventilation :00 :00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 Time Building Time N 1) L 2) 08:0 09:0 :0 11:0 12:0 1:0 14:0 15:0 16:0 17:0 18:0 Mean A B C D

7 ppm Alberta, ppm ppm 0..0 ppm ppm 0.2. ppm Springston et al, Figure 4 8 A 20. / 1. B 42.4 / C Cumulative distribution, % Respirable dust PM Concentration, Building A B C D Total Location door door door door door Respirable( ) PM( ) N 1) GM 2) GSD ) N GM GSD

8 8 / 1.7 D 29.2 / / A 9.9 / 1.1 B 62. / 1.7C 1.5 D 46.1 / 150 / 77.7% 6% Occupational exposure standard Respirable PM Concentration, Number of sample Geometric mean concentration, door Respirable PM 0 A B C D Total A B C D Total Building

9 9 Figure / / 0 / % % Figure 6 A 50.8% B 68.1%C 5% D 6.% 4 6% 5 Godish, 2001 ACGIH NIOSH 2002; ACGIH, 2006; NIOSH, % Shapiro & Wilk p ppm ppm ppm Figure ppm 2% A 0.02 ppmb ppm C ppm D ppm A, C, D C Alberta, 200 C 25% C

10 40 Table 7 55 Pearson p p 0.01 Table 8 Building A B C D Total Location door door door door door Concentration(ppm) N 1) GM 2) GSD ) CO2 CO Respirable dust PM Formaldehyde CO2 CO Respirable dust PM Formaldehyde ** ** CO2 door CO Respirable PM Formaldehyde CO2 CO Respirable PM Formaldehyde * * ** 0.0 * * 0.52 ** * * 0.1

11 ASHRAE 21 2 ASHRAE 20 0% ppm 1,000 ppm 6.% 12 1,000 ppm ppm / 0 / % % 6% ppm 2% 0.1 ppm REFERENCES Available from http// p15-86, KOSHA Code A

12 42 Alberta. door air quality guideline. Alberta frastructure, 200. American Conference of Governmental dustrial Hygienists(ACGIH). Threshold Limit Value for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents & Biological Exposure dices. ACGIH, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). ASHRAE , Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. Atlanta, ASHRAE, INC, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers ASHRAE). ASHRAE , Ventilation for Acceptable door Air Quality. Atlanta, ASHRAE, INC, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). 200 ASHRAE handbook-hvac application. Atlanta, ASHRAE, INC, 200. Energy formation Administration(EIA) Commercial buildings energy consumption survey. Available from /cbecs/char99 /intro.html, Godish, T. door environmental quality. CRC press, Florida, p , Jeong, JY and Paik, NW. Laboratory and Field Validation of the GC- NPD Method for the Measurement of Formaldehyde in the workplace. J Occup Env Hyg 2005;2(4): National stitute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) and Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). Building air quality. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, National stitute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Pocket guide to chemical hazard. DHHS(NIOSH) Pub. No , NIOSH, Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA). door air quality-59 : OSHA, Available from:url: http// Springston, JP, Esposito,WA. Cleverly, KW. Baseline indoor air qulity measurements collected from 16 metropolitan new york region commercial office buildings between AIHA J, 1997;6: Terr, AI. Multiple chemical syndrome; indoor air pollution and Health. Bardana, E. J., and Montanaro, A. editors. Marcel Dekker c., New York, p , Woods, JE, Cone, JE, Hodgson, MJ. Problem building; building associated illness and sick building syndrome. Occup. Med. State Art Rev, 1989;4:

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EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern