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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 17, No. 5 pp , ISSN / eissn 교량상자갈궤도의종저항력측정을위한실험연구 민경환 1*, 윤경민 2 1 충청대학교공학기술연구원, 2 충남대학교토목공학과 An Experimental Study for Longitudinal Resistance of Ballast Track on Bridge Kyung-Hwan Min 1*, Kyung-Min Yun 2 1 Research Institute for Engineering and Technology, Chungcheong University 2 Department of Civil Enginnering, Chungnam National University 요약콘크리트교량상에고속철도의자갈궤도가시공될경우장대레일의종방향변위가고정된반면교량바닥판슬래브의종방향변위가고정되지않고, 온도하중과외부하중에의해교량과레일의상대변위가발생한다. 현재장대레일자갈궤도에대한종방향저항력 (KR C-08080, UIC code 774-3) 은교량의종방향변위와자갈궤도와콘크리트슬래브사이의마찰력을고려하고있지않다. 또한종방향저항력값은다소보수적이어서철도교의장경간및연속화에불리한요소로작용하고있다. 따라서실제의거동을보다효과적으로반영하기위해장대레일의종저항력은콘크리트슬래브와궤도사이의추가적인강성을고려해야한다. 본연구에서는콘크리트바닥판과도상궤도를모사한실대형실험체 (mock-up test specimen) 를제작하여, 교량상에설치된도상궤도의종저항력을측정하였고, 또한차륜하중의재하유무에대해서도그거동을평가하였다. 실험결과, 최대종저항력은현재의코드와유사한경향을보였으나, 한계변위까지의강성은현재의코드보다실험결과가작게측정되는것으로나타났다. Abstract When a ballast track of a high-speed train is constructed on a bridge, the displacement of the bridge decks can occur because they are not fixed to the rails. Moreover, relative displacements occur between the bridge and rails caused by temperature changes and external loads. The current longitudinal resistance criteria (UIC Code 774-3, KR C-08080) on ballast tracks with continuous welded rails (CWRs) do not take into account the longitudinal movement of the bridge and the frictional force between the ballast and slabs. In addition, the magnitude of the longitudinal resistance, k, is calculated somewhat conservatively and, (therefore?) it acts as an unfavorable element in the design of long span and continuous railway bridges. Thus, in order to replicate the actual behavior more effectively, the longitudinal resistance of CWRs should take into account the additional rigidity between the slab and track. In this study, the longitudinal resistances of the ballasted track on the bridge were analyzed by carrying out an experimental study with a test setup designed to simulate the deck and bed track. In the test results, the maximum longitudinal resistances of the tests were similar to the resistances of the current codes, however, the measured longitudinal stiffness designed to limit the displacement of the tests were much smaller in comparison with the longitudinal stiffness on the codes. keywords : Ballast track, Bridge deck, CWR track, Longitudinal resistance, Mock-up test 체결장치에의해 Fig.1과같이양단에서부동구간 (immovable zone) 이발생한다. 이부동구간이교량상장대레일 (continuous welded rail, CWR) 은이중탄성에위치할경우, 궤도와교량간의상호작용이발생하여, 본연구는국토교통부철도기술연구사업의연구비지원 (15RTRP-B ) 에의해수행되었습니다. * Corresponding Author : Kyung-Hwan Min (Chungcheong Univ.) Tel: alskh@ok.ac.kr Received March 25, 2016 Accepted May 12, 서론 Revised April 15, 2016 Published May 31,

2 한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 5 호, 2016 레일의길이방향으로변위및응력이불균일하게발생한다 [1,3]. 이러한상호작용의해석시에는온도하중과차륜하중을동시에고려하여도상의비선형해석을수행해야한다. 현재장대레일궤도의종방향저항성해석에사용하고있는물성치는장대레일의일부분을모사하여레일의종방향및횡방향저항력에대한실험을통해얻어진연구결과물을수정보완하여사용하고있다. 따라서궤도- 교량의비선형해석에있어서궤도와교량간의상대적인거동에따른연성효과를충분히반영하지못하고있다. 모델을구성하여, ΔT = 50 C의온도하중이가해질경우도상궤도에서발생하는등가의저항력 (1m당) 을제시하였다.[5] 이러한 ERRI D 202의연구는장대레일궤도의해석에필요한특성치를제시한초기모델이며, 이후에각국의환경을고려하여수정되어사용하고있고 [2], 국내규준은 Fig. 3과같다 [1]. 본연구에서는교량바닥판과자갈궤도를모사한실대형실험체를제작하여, 바닥판상에설치된도상궤도의종저항력을측정하였다. 또한차륜하중의재하유무에대하여종저항거동을평가하였다. 2. 실험계획및실험체제작 Fig. 1. Behaviors of CWR track Fig D model of track structure on TU Delft s study 2.1 실험계획전술한바와같이자갈궤도의종방향력에대한연구는교량의종방향이동과, 자갈도상과교량슬래브간의마찰력을고려하지못하고있다. 따라서교량상의장대레일의종방향력은교량바닥판과궤도사이에추가의강성을고려해야실제거동을보다효과적으로모사할수있다 [6]. 또한기존의연구결과를토대로할때, 궤도시스템의실대형실험을위해서는침목수를기준으로할때, 5개이상의 UIC 60kg 침목이설치된규모의실험체를제작할필요가있을것으로판단된다 [4,7]. 또한교량바닥판을모사한구체에 30mm 이상의변위에대한변위제어실험을수행하여교량상의자갈궤도의종방향저항력특성에대한평가가이루어져야한다. 이에따른실험계획은 Fig. 4와같다. 즉레일의종방향변위가발생하지않도록레일의단부를고정하고바닥판슬래브에종방향으로하중을가력하여슬래브의변위를유도한다. 이때고정한레일단부에설치한로드셀에서하중을측정한다. 또한레일과슬래브간의상대변위를측정하여, 하중-변위관계를도출하도록하였다. Fig. 3. Longitudinal track resistance of domestic criteria ERRI D 202에서는자갈도상장대레일의횡저항력특성분석을위해실대형실험체를제작하여실험을수행하였다 [4]. 또한일련의연구에서 Fig. 2와같이해석 Fig. 4. Schematic draw of test program 174

3 교량상자갈궤도의종저항력측정을위한실험연구 2.2 바닥판제작기존의연구결과 [3,4] 를토대로하여 5개의 UIC 60kg 침목이체결된규모의실험체를제작하였다. 따라서본연구에서는바닥판슬래브를길이 7m, 폭 5m, 두께 240mm의철근콘크리트구조로제작하고, 바닥판의철근은 D16 철근을 200mm 간격으로종방향및횡방향에각각 2단으로배근하였다. 실험실의여건상제작된슬래브를바닥에서띄어서설치할수가없으므로, 실험실바닥과슬래브간의마찰력감소를위해 Fig. 5와같이테프론 (Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, 마찰계수 : 0.05~0.1) 플레이트사용하였다 mm 크기의테프론플레이트 2장을겹치고플레이트사이에윤활그리스를도포하였고, 종방향으로 5개소씩 2열로슬래브하단에설치하였다. 재하하였다. 액추에이터로재하된하중에의해서궤광의종방향변형이구속될수있으므로원형강봉을삽입하여이동이가능하도록하였다. Fig. 6. Section details of track for high-speed train Fig. 5. PTFE sliding plate 2.3 궤광제작및하중재하조건자갈도상및궤광은 Fig. 6과같이고속철도용궤광을반영하여, UIC 60kg 침목 5본을슬래브상단에서 350mm 높이에위치하고침목간간격은 600mm로설치하였다. Mock-up 시험체의연속화모사를위해서 e-clip으로체결한 5본의침목양외단에레일과체결하지않은침목을 1개씩더설치하였고하였다. Fig. 7은자갈궤도가설치된모습이다. 레일의길이는바닥판길이와유압실린더등을고려하여 8.5m로하였고, 실험시측정항목은 Fig. 4 및 Table 1과같다. 500kN 유압실린더로종방향하중을슬래브에가력하고, 실린더전면부에로드셀을설치하여하중을측정하였다. 반력프레임에고정된레일의단부에도각각로드셀을설치하여반력을측정하였다. 또한슬래브의종방향변위, 레일단부의수직방향변위, 레일과침목간의상대변위등을측정하였다. 차륜하중은 Fig. 8 과같이 170kN을액추에이터로중앙침목부의레일에 Fig. 7. Fabrication of track Table 1. Measurement of longitudinal resistance Measurement item Count Marks Cylinder loads 2 ea LOAD 1, 2 Rail reaction forces 2 ea LOAD 3, 4 Longitudinal displacements of slab 4 ea LVDT 1~4 Vertical displacements of rail from slab 4 ea LVDT 5~8 Reaction block displacements 2 ea LVDT 9, 10 Rail-sleeper relative displacements 6 ea LVDT 11~16 Fig. 8. Test setup for without and with wheel load 175

4 한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 5 호, 실험결과및분석 3.1 바닥판하부마찰저항력자갈도상과바닥판하중에의한테프론플레이트의마찰력측정을위해자갈궤도설치전에슬래브종방향하중을가하여마찰력을측정하였다. 또한가설된자갈궤도의하중이더해진전체궤광의하중에대한슬래브하단의마찰력을측정하였다. 측정된하중과변위관계는 Fig. 9 및 10과같고, 정지마찰력과미끄럼마찰력은 Table 2와같다. 바닥판하중에의한마찰저항력은정지마찰력은약 13kN, 운동마찰력은약 8kN으로측정되어바닥판자중에비해작은마찰력 ( 마찰계수 : 약 0.05) 이발생하였다. 전체하중에대한마찰력측정결과는최대정치마찰력약 23kN, 운동마찰력약 15kN으로측정되어, 궤도의종방향력측정에합리적인경계조건으로판단된다. Fig. 9. Friction load measurements for slab weight only Table 2. Friction of slab Weight Static friction Sliding friction (kn) (kn) Slab only 13 8 Ballast track and slab 차륜하중비재하시의종저항력특성궤광하중만이재하되었을때의종저항력에대해서는바닥판의북단과남단에서각각 2회씩하중을재하하여실험을수행하였다. 슬래브의변위가약 50mm가발생할때까지측정하였고, 그결과는 Fig. 11과같다. 유압실린더전면에설치된로드셀에서측정된하중은약 7 0~80kN으로측정되었다. 각실험종료후에자갈을재다짐을하고다음실험을실시하였기때문에각실험간에차이가발생한것으로판단된다. Fig. 11(a) 그래프에서하중재하초기에발생하는굴절은테프론바닥판의정지마찰력에서기인한것으로판단된다. 즉실린더하중 (a) 과레일의단부에서측정한하중 (b) 의차이는바닥판하부의마찰저항력측정치와유사하고, 이에따라레일의축방향하중측정치 ( 약 55kN) 가교량상의자갈궤도의종방향저항력으로가정할수있다. 단위길이 (1m) 당궤도의종방향저항력은 Fig. 11(c) 와같고, 해당그래프에서 bilinear로표시한것은현재코드에서제시하고있는값이다. 실제실험결과에서는코드와달리초기부터하중-변위관계가계속적으로곡선으로나타났고, 이는 ERRI D202의실험결과와동일한경향을보였다. 따라서초기강성이작게측정된 Test 2의결과를제외하면차륜하중이없는경우현재코드에서제시하는종방향특성치와유사하였다. 향후실험횟수를증가하여데이터의신뢰도향상을유도해야할것으로판단된다. Fig. 10. Friction load measurement for ballast track and slab weight 3.3 차륜하중재하시의종저항력특성차륜하중은 170kN의하중을액추에이터로중앙침목의위치의레일에가력하였고, 슬래브북단에서 2회, 남단에서 1회하중을가하여총 3회의실험을실시하였다. 차륜하중재하에따른실험도슬래브의변위가약 50mm가발생할때까지측정하였고, 실험결과는 Fig. 12와같다. 유압실린더에서측정한하중은 Fig. 12(a) 와같이약 200kN으로측정되었다. 또한종방향하중재하초기의굴절은앞선비재하실험과같이테프론 176

5 교량상자갈궤도의종저항력측정을위한실험연구 플레이트의정지마찰력에의한것으로판단된다. 변곡점이후에나타나는굴절은도상궤도의이동으로인해변위제어를하는액추에이터에서의하중이변동하여발생하였다. 차륜하중재하시에는하중이수렴하지않고실험종료시까지계속해서하중이증가하는것으로나타났다. 에서발생한마찰력에서기인한것이다. 이에따라레일단부에서측정한하중 ( 약 175kN) 을종방향저항력으로가정할수있고, 단위길이당궤도의종저항력은 Fig. 12(c) 의그래프와같다. 종방향저항력의크기는코드에서제시한값에근접하게나타났으나초기의강성은코드보다작게나타났다. (a) Cylinder load of slab (a) Cylinder load of slab (b) Reaction force of rails (b) Reaction force of rails (c) Resistance of the track Fig. 11. Without vertical load: ballast track weight only (c) Resistance of the track Fig. 12. Track weight and 170 kn vertical load 실린더에서측정한하중 (a) 와레일단부에서측정한하중 (b) 의차이는앞선실험과마찬가지로슬래브하단 KR code와 UIC code에서는하중재하시자갈궤도에서는레일변위가 2mm일때 60kN/m로하고있으나, 177

6 한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 5 호, 2016 실험결과에서는해당변위에서종방향저항력이약 20kN/m로측정되었다. 즉토공부의자갈궤도의실험결과를토대로구성된현재코드는교량상에가설된자갈궤도의차륜하중재하시의종저항력의강성을과대평가하는것으로사료되며, 실험결과에서는코드에서제시하는그래프보다훨씬완만하고지속적으로하중이증가하는것으로나타났다. 향후재하하중을달리하고실험횟수를증가하여데이터의축적이필요할것으로판단된다. [4] R. J. van t Zand and ing. J. Moraal (1997) Ballast Resistance under Three-Dimensional Loading, ERRI D 202/DT 362, European Rail Research Institute. [5] C. Esveld (1997) Improved knowledge of CWR track, Delft University Press. [6] K.-C. Lee (2014) Feasibility Analysis of Sliding Slab Track for Reducing Track-Bridge Interaction, Proceedings of 2014 Spring Conference of the Korean Society for Railway, pp [7] M.-C. Kim, Y.-H. Bae, and Y.-G. Park (2014) Experimental Study on the Improvement Measures of Ballasted Tracks Considering the Speed-up of Conventional Lines, Proceedings of 2014 Spring Conference of the Korean Society for Railway, pp 결론 본연구에서는바닥판과도상궤도를모사한실대형실험체를제작하여, 교량상에설치된도상궤도의종저항력을측정하였고, 또한차륜하중의재하유무에대해서도그거동을평가하였고결론은다음과같다. 1) 고속철도용자갈도상을모사한궤광에 5개의 UIC 60kg 침목을설치한실대형실험체를제작하였고, 170kN의차륜하중재하유무에따른레일의종저항력을측정하였다. 2) 차륜하중비재하시궤도의종저항력은약 55kN으로측정되었고, KR code 및 UIC code에서제시하는범위와유사한것으로나타났다. 3) 차륜하중 (170kN) 재하시에는궤도의단위길이당종저항력은약 58kN으로측정되어현재의코드와유사하게나타났다. 하지만한계변위까지의강성은실험결과가현재코드의하중재하시의강성의절반정도로작게나타났다. 4) 향후데이터의신뢰도를높이기위한추가실험과다양한재하하중에따른종저항력특성을평가해야할것으로판단된다. 민경환 (Kyung-Hwan Min) [ 정회원 ] < 관심분야 > 콘크리트공학, 구조공학 2007 년 2 월 : 고려대학교일반대학원구조공학 ( 공학석사 ) 2012 년 8 월 : 고려대학교일반대학원구조공학 ( 공학박사 ) 2009 년 3 월 ~ 2013 년 6 월 : 고려대학교부설공학기술연구소 2013 년 7 월 ~ 현재 : 충청대학교공학기술연구원선임연구원 윤경민 (Kyung-Min Yun) [ 정회원 ] 2009 년 2 월 : 충남대학교토목공학과 ( 공학사 ) 2012 년 2 월 : 충남대학교대학원토목공학과 ( 공학석사 ) 2012 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 충남대학교토목공학과박사과정 References [1] KR (2013) Ballast Track Structures, KR C-14030, Korea Rail Network Authority. [2] KR (2012) Track-Bridge Longitudinal Interaction Analysis, KR C-08080, Korea Rail Network Authority. [3] UIC (2001) Track/bridge Interaction Recommendations for Calculations, UIC Code 774-3, International Union of Railways, pp.2-8 < 관심분야 > 구조공학, 강구조, 궤도공학 178

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