12 문윤희- PEKK(Polyetherketoneketone) 표면처리가.hwp
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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 20, No. 4 pp , ISSN / eissn 문윤희대전보건대학교치기공학과 PEKK(Polyetherketoneketone) Surface Treatment Effects on Shear Bond Strength to Dental Veneering Resin Yun-Hee Moon Department of Dental Technology, Daejeon Health Institute of Technology 요약본연구의목적은 PEKK(Polyetherketoneketone) 와치과용복합수지인 Sinfony(3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) 사이의결합강도를알아보고자하는것으로대표적인표면처리방식세가지를제시하여두재료간결합강도에영향을미치는지에대하여평가하고자하였다. 총 30 개의 PEKK (Pekkton Ivory, Cendres+Métaux, Bienne, Switzerland) 시편을준비한후아크릴릭레진에포매한후표면연마 (P 1200 grid) 하고각그룹을 10 개의시편으로나누어 Air abrasion 을실시한군 (PN), Air abrasion 을실시한후 Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE) 을적용한군 (PB), Air abrasion 을실시한후 OPAQUE(3M ESPE) 를적용한군 (PO) 의표면처리방식에의해 3 그룹으로분류하였다 (n=10). 이후 Sinfony(3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) 를이용하여 Veneering 을실시하였다. 완성된모든시편은 24 시간동안 37 의수조에휴지시켰다. 각그룹의전단결합강도를측정하고파절양상을분류하였다. 집단에따른전단결합강도차이를살펴보기위하여일원배치분산분석 (one-way ANOVA) 을실시하였으며 (p<.05), 사후분석으로는 Scheffe test 를실시하여검증하였다 (p<.05). 통계처리는 SPSSWIN 21.0 프로그램을사용하여분석하였다. 일원배치분산분석 (one-way ANOVA) 을실시한결과, PB 그룹의평균값은 27.67±4,18 MPa 로가장높은결합강도를나타냈으며, PN 과 PO 는각각 20.43±1.70 과 19.8±4.77 MPa 로상대적으로낮은결합강도를보였고 (F=18.4, P<.001), 사후검증 (scheffe test) 을살펴본결과 PB>PO, PB>PN 으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<.001). 본연구를통해 PEKK 와복합수지사이의결합력을증진시키기위하여 Air abrasion 실시후 Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE) 을이용하여표면처리할것을권장할수있으며타연구와비교하여볼때 Air abrasion 의적용시간의증가가전단결합강도의증가에영향을미치는것으로유추되므로추가적인연구의진행이필요할것으로사료된다. Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the bond strength between PEKK(Polyetherketoneketone) and Sinfony(3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) the dental composite resin by proposing the three representative surface treatment methods and evaluate to see if they affect the bond strength between two materials. A total of 30 PEKK(Pekkton Ivory, Cendres+Métaux, Bienne, Switzerland) specimens were prepared, embedded in acrylic resin, polished(p 1200 grid) to surface, and each group was divided into 10 specimens. After then, by the surface treatment method, it classified into three groups(n=10) such as Air abrasion group(pn), applying Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE) after Air abrasion(pb), applying OPAQUE(3M ESPE) after Air abrasion(po). Then, veneering was performed by using Sinfony(3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). All completed specimens were allowed to rest in a 37 water bath for 24 hours. Shear bond strength of each group was measured and fracture patterns were classified. Statistic analysis was performed with One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Scheffe tast (p<.05). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSSWIN 21.0 program. As a result of one-way ANOVA, the average value of PB group was 27.67±4,18 MPa and it was shown as the highest bond strength, PN and PO were 20.43±1.70 and 19.8±4.77 MPa each, and these were relatively low(f=18.4, P<.001), and as the post-test the Scheffe test was conducted and verified (p<.05). After examining the scheffe test, it was showed significant differences as PB>PO, PB>PN(p<.001). Through this study, in order to enhance the bonding force between PEKK and the composite resin, perform the Air abrasion and surface treatment by using Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE) is recommended, and as compared with other studies. And it is assumed that the increase of the application time of the Air abrasion affects the increase of the shear bond strength. Thus, further research is required. Keywords : PEKK, Sinfony, Shear Bond Strength, Single Bond Universal, Opague * Corresponding Author : Yun-Hee Moon(Daejeon Health Institute of Technology) Tel: noyoon@hanmail.net Received February 19, 2019 Revised March 26, 2019 Accepted April 5, 2019 Published April 30,
2 한국산학기술학회논문지제 20 권제 4 호, 서론치과용 CAD-CAM 시장의급성장과더불어치과용소재의개발은심미적이면서도내구성이우수한보철물의개발과연구에힘입어지속적으로발전하고있다. 금속, 세라믹, 레진등의치과용재료등은강도, 연성, 적합도, 화학적안정성, 심미성은충분히고려하여발전하여왔다. 최근콤포짓트레진, 시멘트, PMMA(Polymethyl methacrylate) 등으로우리에게익숙한 Polymer를활용한 Polyaryletherketones(PAEKs) 의개발은치과계에서의활용도가점점높아지고있다. 치과용재료는강도, 색안정성, 생체적합성, 용해도, 열적성질등을충족시켜야하는데 CAD-CAM과 3D printing의등장으로 Polyaryletherketones (PAEKs) 의활용을더욱발전시키는계기가되었다. 고성능열가소성플라스틱소재인 PAEKs는단량체에포함된 Ether기와 Keton의개수에따라 PEK, PEEK, PEKK, PEKEKK 등으로분류되는데 [1], 이중최근치과계에서사용하기시작한 PEKK는 PAEK족의여러장점을갖는동시에 PAEK 족내의 PEEK나 PEK보다더높은굴곡강도, 인장강도, 우수한표면경도, 자연치와유사한탄성계수등의물리적인특성을보이고있다 [2-4]. PEKK는고분자의비정질형태와결정질형태를가지고있어비정질고분자에서갖는탄성과결정질고분자에서갖는강도를가질수있다 [5]. 이외에도방사선투과성을가져방사선검사가용이하고, CAD-CAM 밀링, 열가압성형법으로제작가능하다는장점이있어점점그활용도가높아지고있다 [6-7]. 이러한특징으로 1990년대부터체내매식체로폭넓게사용되어왔고 [6], 최근치과영역에서도 CAD-CAM 밀링, 열가압성형법, 3D printing 등의새로운보철물제작방법의발전으로 Framework, Attachment, 임플란트 Milled Bar, 고정성임시보철물, 임플란트임시지대주등으로점점다양하게활용및개발되고있다. 치과용재료가새롭게개발되면기존의치과용재료와의접착성, 가공성, 파절시수리등의방법을다양하게고려하여야하고충분한연구가함께진행되어야한다. 심미보철재료는자연치와유사한반투명성이요구되어지지만 [8] PEKK 소재는유사한색과광학적특성을가지고있지않은단점을가지고있어만족스러운심미적결과물을얻으려면추가축성이필요한데, 보철물제작 시 Resin facing 처리를거쳐심미적인특성을보완하게된다. 아직 PEKK 단관에대한임상적용에관한연구는없는실정이지만상아질과법랑질에대한기능적인조화, 우수한마모저항도, 적절한기계적인물성, 컴포짓레진이나치아의이상적인접착이검증된다면만족스러운구강내생존력을지닌소재로활용될것을기대해볼수있을것이다. 이러한이유로 PEKK로제작된 Core와 Resin facing 재료간의결합력이요구되어지고이를보완할표면처리를권장하고있다 [9]. 이러한표면처리방법에는 Air abrasion, Etching, Silicate coating, Primer, Cement, Plasma 등의여러가지적용방법이있다. 최근여러연구를통해효율적인표면전처리방법을제시하고자실험적인연구가진행되었고그결과 PEEK의연마된표면에는결합을얻을수없으며, 50 μm Alumiunm oxide로 10초간 Sandblasting 처리한군과 Rocatec 시스템 (3M ESPE) 을이용한실리카코팅처리한군모두가결합력에영향을미치지않았다고보고되었다 [10]. 또한황산처리한군이다른산처리를한그룹보다표면거칠기는증가하였으나 Etching 처리한후 Veneering resin 에접착하기위해서는추가적인접착재료가적용되어야한다고보고한바있으며, 타레진에비교하여 Sinfony(3M ESPE) 로축성된 PEEK의 TBS 측정결과가높게나타났다고보고하였다 [11]. 황산 (95%) 과 Single bond universal (3M ESPE) 를적용한군에서 Shear Bond Strength 측정결과가현저히높은것으로나타난결과를볼수있다 [12]. 또한 Primer의사용은 PEKK의전단결합강도에영향을미치지않는다고보고한바있다 [13]. 이에본연구에서는종래의연구를통해 PEKK표면의활택한연마면제거를위해 50 μm Alumiunm oxide 로 Sandblasting을모든시편에공통적으로적용하였고, 임상에서사용이어려운황산을대신할기계적인결합력을얻기위해 1분간충분히실시하였다. 또한본딩제는종래의연구에서가장효과적이었던 Single bond universal (3M ESPE) 를적용하였으며, 심미적인색상을얻기위해 Resin facing에필수적인 Opaque를적용하는분류로임상에서활용가능한조건을토대로각그룹의전단결합강도를측정하여 PEKK와 Veneering Resin사이의표면처리방식의차이가전단결합강도에미치는영향을분석하고자하였다. 본연구의귀무가설은표면처리방법과중간재의적용방식은두재료간결합력에영 94
3 향을미치지않는다로하고이를검증하고자하였다. 2. 연구재료및방법 2.1 실험재료본연구는 PEKK core와 Composite Resin간의표면처리방식에따라결합강도의차이를비교해보고자하는실험으로, Core로사용된재료는 CAD-CAM용밀링디스크인 PEKK (Pekkton Ivory, Cendres+Métaux, Bienne, Switzerland) 을이용하여제작하였다. Veneer에사용된 Composite Resin은 Sinfony (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) 를사용하였다. 위의두재료간연결부처리방식에따라 Air abrasion 을실시한군 (PN), Air abrasion을실시한후 Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE) 을적용한군 (PB), Air abrasion을실시한후 OPAQUE(3M ESPE) 를적용한군 (PO) 으로나누고, Bonding Agent는 Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) 을사용하였고, OPAQUE(3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) 를사용하였다. 각군당 10개의시편을제작하여총 30개의시편을제작하였다. 2.2 시편제작 Core 제작본연구에사용된재료는직경 98.5 mm, 두께 16 mm 인 CAD-CAM용밀링디스크인 PEKK (Pekkton Ivory, Cendres+Métaux, Bienne, Switzerland) 을이용하여직경 9 mm, 두께 2 mm 인 disk형태로총 30개의시편을제작하였다. 시편연마는시편연마기 (Labopol-5, Struers, Copenhagen, Denmark) 와 SIC foil (R&B, Daejeon, Korea) 를이용하여시행하였으며, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 grid SIC paper를단계적으로적용하여활택한면을얻었다. 표면의이물질을제거하기위해증류수에서 20초간초음파세척을실시하였다. 이후제작된시편을직경 30 mm높이 20 mm의원기둥형태의 teflon mold에아크릴릭레진인 Ortho-jet (Lang dental, Wheeling, IL, USA) 을이용하여포매하였다 표면처리총 30개의시편에 50 μm Aluminum Oxide (Renfert GmbH, Hilzinger, Germany) 를이용하여 2 bar의압력으로 60초간 Air abrasion을공통으로실시하고 steam cleaning을실시하였다. 이후 50 μm Aluminum Oxide를이용하여 Air abrasion을실시한 10개의시편을 PN 이라명명하고, Air abrasion을실시한후 Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE) 을적용한 10개의시편을 PB라명명하고, Air abrasion을실시한후 OPAQUE(3M ESPE) 를적용한 10개의시편을 PO 라고명명하고총 3개의그룹으로분류하였다 (Table 1.) Table 1. Summary of surface treatment protocols for each group. Group Surface treatment N PN Air abrasion 10 PB Air abrasion+single Bond Universal 10 PO Air abrasion+opaque layer 10 PN: air abrasion processed PEEK, PB: bonding after air abrasion processed PEEK, PO: opaque layer after air abrasion processed PEEK 컴포짓트레진의축성 (Veneer 제작 ) Veneer의용도로사용될광중합형컴포지트레진인 Sinfony (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) 를이용하여직경 4.5mm, 높이 3mm로총 3회에걸쳐실리콘몰드를이용하여축성한후최종중합시켰다 (Fig. 1.). 이후 37 의수조에 24 시간보관하였다. (a) Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of specimen configuration. (a) Three dimensional view (b) side view 2.3 실험방법준비된시편을만능물성실험기 (Instron Universal Testing Machine, OTU-05D; Oriental TM Corp., Korea)(Fig.2) 를이용하여 ISO/TR 11405에서제시하는 crosshead speed 인 0.45~10.5mm/min 의범주중 0.5mm/min 의하중속도를적용하고접착된레진이분리 (b) 95
4 한국산학기술학회논문지제 20 권제 4 호, 2019 될때의최대하중값을 (1) 과같이단위면적당결합강도값인 MPa로환산하였다. 그계산식은다음과같다. shear bond strangth(mpa) = KG 9.8/πr² (1) Fig. 3. Mean and standard deviation for experimental groups. PN: air abrasion processed PEEK, PB: bonding after air abrasion processed PEEK, PO: opaque layer after air abrasion processed PEEK * denotes significant difference between the groups (p<.001). Fig. 2. Experimental setup in the shear bond strength. 2.4 통계분석 본연구는집단간차이를살펴보기위하여일원배치분산분석 (one-way ANOVA) 과사후분석으로는 Scheffe test를실시하여검증하였다 (p<.05). 본연구의분석은모두유의수준 p<.05에서검증하였으며, 통계처리는 IBM SPSSWIN 21.0 프로그램을사용하여분석하였다. 3.1 전단결합강도 3. 결과 측정된각 3개의그룹의평균및표준편차는다음과같다 (Table 2.). PB그룹의평균값은 27.67±4,18 MPa로가장높은결합강도를나타냈으며, PN과 PO는각각 20.43±1.70과 19.8±4.77 MPa로상대적으로낮은결합강도를보였다 (F=18.4, P<.001). (Fig. 3.) Table 2. Mean and standard deviation of the shear bond strength. (unit: MPa) Group N Mean SD p-value PN PB <.001* PO One-way ANOVA(*:p<0.05), Scheffe post hoc SD: standard deviation, PN: air abrasion processed PEEK, PB: bonding after air abrasion processed PEEK, PO: opaque layer after air abrasion processed PEEK 일원배치분산분석 (one-way ANOVA) 에서는 p<.001 으로그룹간유의한차이가있는것으로확인되었으며각실험그룹간의전단결합강도차이를검증하기위해수행한사후검증 (Scheffe test) 를살펴본결과 PB>PO, PB>PN으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<.001) (Table 3.). Table 3. Results of one-way ANOVA on the shear bond strength. Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups Within Groups Total 파절양상분석세그룹의파절면관찰결과 PN에서는시편표면에잔존된레진이관찰되지않는접착성파절 (adhesive failure) 이모든시편에서나타났으며, PB와 PO에서는접착성파절 (adhesive failure) 양상과잔존레진이부분적으로시편과결합된채로남아있는혼합형파절 (mixed failure) 양상이함께나타났다. 이러한파절양상은대부분의파절이시편과접착재료사이에서시작되어진행된것을확인할수있었으며, 모든실험그룹에서응집성파절 (cohesive failure) 은나타나지않았다. 파절양상분석결과는 Fig. 4. 와같다. 96
5 Fig. 4. Failure modes after shear bond strength test. PN: air abrasion processed PEEK, PB: bonding after air abrasion processed PEEK, PO: opaque layer after air abrasion processed PEEK. 4. 고찰 본연구에서는광중합복합수지인 Sinfony(3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) 를이용하여 veneering을실시할경우에 PEKK의표면처리방식이전단결합력에미치는영향을평가하였다. 본연구에사용된표면처리방식은 Veneering 작업시필요한표면의기계적인결합력과화학적인결합력에국한지어살펴볼수있다. 신소재인 PEKK에앞선 PEEK 의종래연구를살펴보면, 결합을위한표면처리에 98 % 황산에칭, 알루미나옥사이드를이용한 10초간샌드블라스팅 (Air-abrasion), Rocatec system(3m ESPE) 을이용한실리카코팅, 시멘트등과의전단결합강도를비교분석을볼수있는데, 이들연구를통해황산 (19.0±3.4 MPa) 으로에칭한시편을제외하고모든 PEEK표면에결합을만들수없다고하였고연마된표면에서는결합이이루어지지않는다고하였으며황산과 Air abrasion 을함께적용한경우에도결합력이상승하였다고보고하였다 [10]. 표면의기계적인결합력의극대화를위하여 PEEK의접착시황산의직접적인적용은효과적이다. 하지만사용시위험성이있고또한 PEKK와수지복합재료를결합할때산표면처리가필요하지않다고한연구결과를보고 [12] 에따라본연구에서는임상에서쉽게적용할수있는 Aluminum Oxide를이용한 Air abrasion만을적용하여보다안전하고쉬운접근을모색하고자하였다. 따라 서 PEAKs의대표적인 family member인 PEKK에도적용될것으로보고샌드블라스팅 (Air-abrasion) 적용시간을증가시켜결합력이상승하는지확인해보고자하였다. PEKK에황산처리와 Air abrasion 적용을비교한연구에서는알루미나 Air abrasion으로인한표면이화학적으로에칭된표면과비교하여더불규칙성이강조된표면패턴을보인다고하였다 [12]. 이에본연구에서는종래의연구를통해 PEKK표면의활택한연마면제거를위해 Alumina oxide(50μm ) 를이용한 Air abrasion을모든시편에공통적으로적용하였고, 임상에서사용이어려운황산을대신할기계적인결합력을얻기위해 1분간충분히실시하여표면의불규칙성을증가시켰다. 결국기계적인결합력증가를위하여작업성이안전한 Aluminum Oxide를이용한 Air abrasion방법을적용하는연구를실시한것으로종래의연구의 Aluminum Oxide를이용한 Air abrasion적용시간을종래의 10초적용한실험 [10] 혹은 20초적용한실험 [12] 보다 Aluminum Oxide를이용한 Air abrasion적용시간을증가시켜 1분을적용한결과기계적인결합력이향상된것을확인하였다. Air abrasion을 20초간적용한종래의연구결과로 15.61±2.42 MPa로결합강도가나타난실험 [12] 과비교하여볼때이와유사한본연구의 Air abrasion을 1분간적용한본연구의 PN그룹은 20.43±1.70 MPa로결합강도가증가한것을볼수있다. 이렇게결합강도가높게나타난이유를 Air abrasion 적용시간의증가로인해표면의불규칙성이증가되고이로인해기계적인결합력의영역이증가한것으로해석할수있겠다. 이는위험요소를내재하고있는황산의직접적인사용을배제하고효과적인결합력을얻을수있는방법으로 Air abrasion의적용시간증가를제안할수있겠다. 본연구의 Aluminum Oxide를이용한 Air abrasion적용군인 PN군은임상적으로받아들여질만한전부도재관의전단결합강도로보고 [15] 된 20~40 MPa의범주에약간미치는결과를나타내어임상에서의활용을기대해볼만하겠다. 다양한본딩제를이용하여결합강도를측정한종래의연구를살펴보면 Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) 룹이다른접착재료그룹사이에유의한차이가있다고하였는데, 다른그룹에비교하여결합강도가더욱증가한것은 Self-etching 기전을가진 Bonding제의특징과 Silane이나 MDP phosphoric 97
6 한국산학기술학회논문지제 20 권제 4 호, 2019 monomer의영향이라고하였다 [12]. 본연구에서는종래의연구를통해 PEKK표면의활택한연마면제거를위해 50 μm Alumiunm oxide로 Sandblasting을모든시편에공통적으로적용하였고, 종래의연구에서가장효과적이었던 Single bond universal (3M ESPE) 를본딩제로적용하였다. Air abrasion만적용한본연구의 PN그룹 (20.43±1.70 MPa) 보다 Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE) 의적용한결합력이 27.67±4,18 MPa로효과적인결합력을나타내는것을확인할수있었다. 이또한임상적으로받아들여질만한전부도재관의전단결합강도로보고 [15] 된 20~40 MPa의범주에미치는결과로임상에서의활용및수리등활용영역의확대까지기대해볼수있는연구결과이다. 심미적인 Core의색상재연및조정을위해 PEKK와 Sinfony 사이에필수적으로사용되는 Opaque를 Air abrasion을 1분간적용한표면에 1회적용한 PO그룹은다른두그룹에비하여낮은결합강도인 19.82±4.77 MPa를나타내었다. 이는 Core의색을가리기위해두껍게도포한 Opaque의중합상의문제가오히려기계적인결합력을저하시키는환경을만든것으로사료된다. 추후 Opaque의도포두께를얇게여러차례반복하여도포하는방식을적용하는추가연구가필요할것이다. 전단결합강도는재료의종류에따라적절한값을달리보고하고있는데, 금속코어-전장도재는 25MPa로 [13], Glass ceramic-glass infiltrated alumina ceramic은 23~41MPa로 [14] 지르코니아코어-전장도재는 20~40MPa로 [15] 보고하고있다. 본연구의전단결합강도는 PO(19.82±4.77) < PN(20.43±1.70) < PB (27.67±4.18) 그룹의순으로나타났으며 (p<.001), 세그룹중 PEKK-cement-복합수지와의관계성을알아본 PB 그룹에서유의한값으로나타나는데위에서언급한결합강도에받아들여지는의미있는범주에드는것으로나타나 PEKK를이용하여복합수지전장관제작및수리등임상에서활용할것을기대할수있다. 또한본연구는열순환 (thermocycling) 을실시하지않아열충격과시간경과에따른내구성을위한제안은이루어지지않았으므로추후열순환에의한변성및노후화에대한연구가추가적으로필요할것으로사료된다. 5. 결론 본연구에서는광중합복합수지인 Sinfony(3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) 를이용하여 Veneering을실시할경우에 PEKK의표면처리방식이전단결합력에미치는영향을평가하고자 Air abrasion을적용한 PN그룹, Air abrasion처리후 Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE) 을적용한 PB그룹, Air abrasion처리후 Opaque(3M ESPE) 을적용한 PO그룹으로분류하였고그중 PB그룹에서유의하게높은전단결합강도값을보였다. (PO<PN<PB, p<.001) 따라서본연구의귀무가설인표면처리방법과중간재의적용방식은두재료간결합력에영향을미치지않는다는기각되었다. PEKK와복합수지사이의결합력을증진시키기위하여 Air abrasion 실시후 Single Bond Universal(3M ESPE) 을이용하여표면처리하여사용하는것을권고하며, 타연구와비교하여볼때 Air abrasion의적용시간의증가가전단결합강도의증가에영향을미치는것으로유추되므로추가적인연구가필요하며 Opaque의도포시두께및도포횟수등을고려하여추가적인연구의진행이필요할것으로사료된다. References [1] Gardner KH, Hsiao BS, Matheson RR, Wood BA. Structure, crystallization and morphology of poly (aryl ether ketone ketone). Polymer, Vol.33, No.12, pp , DOI: [2] Harsha, A. An investingation on low stress abrasive qear characteristics of high performance engineering thermoplastic polymers. Wear, Vol.271, No.5-6, pp , June DOI: [3] Harsha, A. Tewari U. Tribo performance of polyaryletherketone composites.polym Test. 2002;21: Polymer Testing, Vol.21, No.6, pp , DOI: [4] Geringer J, Tatkiewicz W, Rouchouse G. Wear behavior of PAEK, poly(aryl-ether-ketone), under physiological conditions, outlooks for performingthese materials in the field of hip prosthesis. Wear, Vol.271, No.11-12, pp , Sep DOI: [5] Reich S, Wichmann M, Nkenke E, Proeschel P. Clinical fit of all-ceramic three-unit fixed partial dentures, 98
7 generated with three different CAD/CAM systems. Eur J Oral Sci, Vol.113, No.2, pp , Apr DOI: [6] Kurtz SM, Devine JN. PEEK biomaterials in trauma, orthopedic, and spinalimplants. Biomaterials, Vol.28, No.32, pp , Nov DOI: [7] Williams D, McNamara A, Turner R. Potential of polyetheretherketone(peek) and carbon-fibre-reinforced PEEK in medical applications. J Mater Sci Lett, Vol.6, No.2, pp , Feb [8] Polyethererherketon (PEEK). Part Ⅱ: Application in clinical practice. Acta Chir Orthp Traumatol Cech, Vol.77, No.6, pp.470-8, [9] Sproesser O, Schmidlin PR, Uhrenbacher J, Roos M, Gernet W, Stawarczyk B. Effect of sulfuric acid etching of polyetheretherketone on the shear bond strength to resin cements. J Adhes Dent, Vol.16, No.5, pp , Nov DOI: [10] Schmidlin PR, Stawarczyk B, Wieland M, Attin T, Hӓ mmerle CH, Fischer J. Effect of different surface pre-treatments and luting materials on shear bond strength to PEEK. Dent Master, Vol.26, No.6, pp , June DOI: [11] Stawarczyk B, Jordan P, Schmidlin PR, Roos M, Eichberger M, Gernet W, Keul C. PEEK surface treatment effects on tensile bond strength to veneering resins. J Adhes Dent, Vol.112, No.5, pp , Nov DOI: [12] Ki-Sun LEE, Myoung-Sic Shin, Jeong-Yol Lee, Jae-Jun Ryu, Ssng-Wan Shin. Shear bond strength of composite resin to high performance polymer PEKK according to surface treatments and bonding materials. J Adhes Dent, Vol.9, No.5, pp , Oct DOI: [13] Eun-kyung Kim. A comparative study of bond strangth of polyetherketonketon(pekk) and cobalt-chromium alloy to denture base resin. a Master s thesis. Dankook University Graduate school department of Prosthodontics, cheonan, Korea, pp.22, [14] Dunder M, Ozcan M, Comlekoglu E, Gungor MA, Artunc C. Bond strengths of veneering ceramics reinforced ceramic core materials. Int J Prosthodont, Vol.23, No.5, pp , May DOI: [15] Derand T, Molin M, Kvam K. Bond strength of composite luting cement to zirconia ceramic surfaces. Dent Mater, Vol.21, No.12, pp , Dec DOI: 문윤희 (Yun-Hee Moon) [ 정회원 ] 2016 년 2 월 : 단국대학교보건복지대학원보건학과구강보건학전공 ( 구강보건학박사 ) 2010 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 대전보건대학교치기공 ( 학 ) 과겸임교수 2009 년 10 월 ~ 현재 : 이미지치과기공소대표 < 관심분야 > 치과기공, Dental CAD/CAM, ZIRCONIA, 3D PRINTING 99
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