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1 대한안과학회지 2012 년제 53 권제 12 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(12): pissn: eissn: = 증례보고 = 비특이성안와염환자에서적외선체열촬영검사의결과 류정완 1 백지선 2 황호식 2 양석우 2 김기수안과 1, 가톨릭대학교안과및시과학교실 2 목적 : 비특이성안와염환자에서적외선체열촬영검사의진단적의의를알아보고자한다. 대상과방법 : 2009 년 12 월부터 2011 년 3 월까지비특이성안와염으로진단받은환자 11 명을대상으로적외선체열촬영검사를시행하였다. 눈꺼풀부종의정도를 5 단계로분류한뒤단계별적외선체열촬영검사의영상을부위별온도로나누어비교하였다. 위눈꺼풀, 눈물언덕, 내측결막, 외측결막, 아래눈꺼풀, 각막, 외측안와총 7 부위의온도를측정하여비교하였다. 결과 : 비특이성안와염환자의정상부위와병변의온도를비교해볼때, 위눈꺼풀과각막의온도에서유의한차이를보였다 (p=0.003, p=0.038, Mann-Whitney 검정 ). 질병의심각도와부위별온도의상관관계도위눈꺼풀과각막의온도가가장밀접하였다 (r=0.55, r=0.45, Spearman 상관계수 ). 결론 : 적외선체열촬영검사를이용하여비특이성안와염진단에유용하게사용할수있으며, 특히위눈꺼풀과각막의온도에서가장유용한검사수치를보일수있다. 향후더많은환자를대상으로치료전 / 후의체열변화를비교하여치료의효과를알아보는지표로사용될수있을것으로기대한다. < 대한안과학회지 2012;53(12): > 비특이성안와염은다른전신적혹은국소적인원인을찾을수없을때, 비특이적, 특발성으로발생하였다고판단되는안와의염증성질환이다. 갑상샘안병증과림프증식성병증다음으로안와에서많이발생하며, 남녀의차이는없는것으로알려졌다. 1,2 현재까지는진단을위해전산화단층촬영 (computed tomography, CT) 과자기공명영상촬영 (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) 으로진단에많은도움이되고있다. 안와의모든부분에침윤이나타날수있는데, 외안근, 눈물샘만침범하기도하며, 안와의앞부분과뒷부분만침범할수도있고, 안와전체를침범하기도한다. 생리적으로염증은국소발적, 부종, 동통, 열감등을동반하게된다. 1-3 적외선체열촬영검사는염증에서발현되는신체표면의온도를기록하기위해고안된기계로, 이를통해신체표면에서발산되는적외선을특정파장이전자기파로인지하여온도데이터를얻을수있다. 4,5 이러한적외선체열촬영화상은당뇨환자의발에서교감신경계의활성도정도를감지하기위하여사용되기도하였고, 6 안과영역에서는안구건 접수일 : 2012년 2월 15일 게재허가일 : 2012년 11월 6일 심사통과일 : 2012 년 5 월 24 일 책임저자 : 양석우서울특별시서초구반포대로 222 가톨릭대학교서울성모병원안과 Tel: , Fax: yswoph@catholic.ac.kr 조증환자 7 또는갑상샘안병증환자에서 8,9 진단적도구로소개되기도하였다. 이에본연구에서는비특이성안와염의환자에서적외선체열촬영검사의진단적의의를살펴보고자하였다. 대상과방법 2009년 12월부터 2011년 3월까지본원에서비특이성안와염으로진단받고치료받고 6개월이상경과관찰을시행한 11명의환자를대상으로하였다. 임상증상과전산화단층촬영, 자기공명영상촬영, 조직검사등으로진단하였고, 병변의위치에따라, 주요병변이안와전방부와안구주위에위치한경우를앞안와성, 병변이안와첨부에서안구뒤까지전반적으로안와연부조직을침범한경우를미만성, 병변이안와첨부에위치한경우를뒤안와성, 병변이외안근에나타나는경우를외안근성, 안와의상외측의눈물샘부위에있는경우를눈물샘성으로분류하였다. 또한, 병변위치와상관없는눈꺼풀부종정도를측정하였는데, 눈꺼풀부종의정도는 1에서 5단계로분류하였고, 1단계는정상, 2 단계는경증의부종, 3단계는중간정도의부종, 4단계는심한정도의부종, 5단계는매우심한정도의부종으로정의하였다 (Fig. 1). 모든환자에서비특이성안와염으로진단한날 ( 조직검사 1732
2 - 류정완외 : 비특이성안와염에서적외선체열촬영검사 - 의결과확인후 ) 적외선체열촬영검사를시행하였고, 적외선체열촬영전에는어떤치료적목적의약물투여및방사선치료는시행하지않았다. 치료에대해서는증상의심한정도에따라, 고용량부신피질호르몬제정맥투여또는경구투여를시행하였고, 고용량부신피질호르몬제에반응이없거나, 이의사용에어려움이있는환자의경우방사선치료를시행하였다. 또한모든환자들은적외선체열촬영검사시행전시행한체온검사에서 로정상체온을보였다. 적외선체열촬영검사를실시할때에, 각환자들에대한표준화를위해, 외부온도를 23 C 로일정하게유지하고, 환자의눈과검사기계사이의거리를 30 cm 로일정하게유지하였다. 표면온도의측정은위눈꺼풀, 눈물언덕, 내측결막, 외측결막, 아래눈꺼풀, 각막, 외측안와순서로측정하여기록하였다 (Fig. 2). 총 11명의기록치의평균값을기록하여, 비특이성안와염으로진단받은쪽과정상안쪽의온도를비교하였다. 두군간의비교시에는 Mann-Whitney 검정을시행하였고, 눈꺼풀부종의정도와부위별온도와의관계를알아보기위해 spearman 상관계 A B C D 수를구하여연관성을분석하였다. 결과 비특이성안와염으로진단받은총 11명환자의평균연령은 35.2 ± 11.9세였고, 남성이 9명 (81.8%), 여성이 2명 (18.2%) 이었다. 평균추적관찰기간은 10.1 ± 4.5개월이었으며, 단안병변은 10명 (90.9%), 양안병변은 1명 (0.09%) 이었다. 두명의환자에대해서는림프종과의감별을위해조직검사를시행하였는데, 한명은병변이눈물샘부위였고, 다른한명은안와첨부위였다. 조직검사결과, 눈물샘부위의환자는만성염증과섬유화를보였고, 안와첨부위는염증과섬유화및지방층염소견을보였다. 안와비특이성안와염의분류별분포는눈물샘성 4명 (36.4%), 외안근성 2명 (18.2%), 앞안와성 2명 (18.2%), 뒤안와성 2 명 (18.2%), 미만성 1명 (9.1%) 이었고, 임상증상으로는눈꺼풀부종 (8명), 안구통증 (5명), 결막부종 (5명), 안구돌출등 (3명) 으로나타났다. 모든환자에대해서시행한적외선체열촬영검사온도치의평균은표로정리하였다 (Table 1). 11명의환자에서 1명이양안이었으므로, 병변안이 12 안정상안이 10안이었고, 각부위의온도수치를병변부위와정상쪽을비교하였다. 두군의비교는 Mann-Whitney 검정을시행하였고, 위눈꺼풀온도와각막의온도가유의하게병변부위에서높은수치로나타났다 (p=0.003, p=0.038). 또한눈꺼풀부종의정도와온도수치의상관관계를비교해보면위눈꺼풀온도 (Spearman 상관계수 r=0.55, p=0.008) 와각막의온도 (Spearman 상관계수 r=0.045, E Figure 1. Examples of eyelid swelling by severity grade. (A) normal eye (Grade 1), (B) mild swelling (Grade 2): apical lesion, (C) moderate swelling (Grade 3): preseptal lesion, (D) severe swelling (Grade 4): lacrimal gland lesion, (E) very severe swelling (Grade 5): diffuse lesion (lowerlid margin involved nearly pupil center due to upperlid swelling). Figure 2. The exact point of right lateral orbit which were measured by DITI. 1-1: caruncle, 2-1: cornea, 3-1: lower eyelid, 4-1: upper eyelid, 5-1: lateral conjunctiva, 6-1: medial conjunctiva, 7-1: lateral orbit (There is no photographic image with all seven points demarcated, so 2-1, 6-1 and 7-1 were marked with animation to explain exact point). 1733
3 - 대한안과학회지 2012 년제 53 권제 12 호 - Table 1. Comparison of temperature between eyes with idiopathic orbital infalmmation and normal eye Temperature ( C) Upper eyelid Caruncle Medial Lateral Lower eyelid Cornea Lateral orbit conjunctiva conjunctiva Nonspecific orbital ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.57 inflammation (n = 12) Control (n = 10) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.97 p * * r (p-value) 0.55 (0.008) 0.18 (0.429) (0.960) 0.12 (0.582) 0.09 (0.663) 0.45 (0.037) (0.958) Values are presented as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 means statistically significant. * Mann-Whitney test (disease vs. control); Spearman s correlation coefficient: the relation between the severity of eyelid swelling and local temperature of seven different sites. Table 2. The summary of systemic steroid treatment, radiotherapy and NSAIDs Treatment method Steroid pulse (Methilprednisolone 1g IV / day for 3 days) Radiation therapy (Total dose: 2000 cgy-2500 cgy) Tapering (Prednisolone 60 mg 50 mg 40 mg 30 mg 20 mg 10 mg 5 mg PO/day for 7-9 wks, 1 wk interval) Steroid pulse (Methilprednisolone 250 mg IV / 2 wks for 6-8 wks) NSIDs (Irritren 600 mg PO/day for 21 days) IV = intravenous injection; PO = Per Os (by mouth). Number 8 patients (Pulse treatment and tapering, 2 patient-1 more pulse) 2 patient (2 patients were recurred after systemic steroid treatment) 2 patients (2 wks interval) 1 patient (Steroid responder-incresed intra-ocular pressure) p=0.037) 가가장상관관계정도가높은것으로나타났다. 모든환자들은고용량스테로이드요법 ( 정맥주사또는경구투여 ) 시행하였고, 2명 (18.2%) 은약물에반응이미약하고, 스테로이드부작용으로이후방사선치료로대체하였다 (Table 2). 고찰 적외선체열촬영검사는신체표면에서발산되는적외선을특정파장이전자기파로인지하여온도데이터를얻어신체각부위의표면온도를측정하는검사로, 주로류마티스내과 (rheumatology) 에서현재사용되고있다. 4,5 최근연구에서는복합부위통증증후군 (complex regional pain syndrome, CRPS) 환자에서양손사이의온도차이가교감신경계가자극될때유의하게증가함을보여주었고, 10 발바닥부위의온도변화는아래쪽요통의강도와관계있음을밝혀냈다. 11 이검사법은또한발바닥부위의피부온도와당뇨신경병증의관계를연구하기위해사용된바있고, 소섬유신경병 (small-fiber neuropathy) 을확인하는데도움을주고있다. 6 열생성이혈관신생성과관련있다는생각에서유방암을확인하기위한적외선체열촬영술의유용성이지속적으로연구되고있다. 12 안과분야에서는일반적으로염증이국소발적, 부종, 통증, 발열들의증상을보이 므로, 병변의국소적인온도상승을일으킬것이라는가정하에, 갑성샘눈병증의진단및치료이후예후평가에사용되어보고된바있다. 8,9 Chang et al 8 은안과분야에서처음으로적외선체열촬영검사를사용하여, 갑상샘눈안병증환자에서염증상태를평가하고, 메틸프레드니솔론의사용전후의치료효과를비교하는근거자료로제시하였다. Shih et al 9 은적외선체열촬영검사로측정한국소체온의정도가메틸프레드니솔론치료효과의예후를판단하는기준을제시할수있음을시사하였다. 또한온도와관련된안과질환의진단에대해서는, Singh and Bhinder 7 은적외선온도측정계와원격감지온도계를사용하여어느것이더안구건조증에유용한지를보았고, 이중원격감지온도계가감은눈, 뜬눈모두에서더욱진단에유용함을밝힌바있다. 본연구에서는비특이성안와염에도국소염증을동반하는체온상승과관련하여, 적외선체열촬영검사가질환의진단및경과과정에서유용한자료가될수있는지알아보고자하였다. 비특이성안와염은다른전신적또는국소적인원인없이, 비특이적, 특발성으로발생하는안와의염증으로임상증상과방사선검사등이진단에이용된다. 1,2 주로뒤안와내지방조직의침범, 안구돌출, 외안근및건, 근막의비대, 시신경의비대등의소견을보이게된다. 그러나이러한방사선검사소견이림프종과같은종양과구별이어려울수있고, 1734
4 - 류정완외 : 비특이성안와염에서적외선체열촬영검사 - 치료이후에도큰변화가없을때에는조직검사등이감별진단을위해필요할수있다. 또한질병의경과과정이만성적이고지속적일때에는진단이어려울수있다. 비특이성안와염은주로급성으로나타나며, 안구돌출, 눈꺼풀부종, 복시, 결막부종, 안구통증등이나타나고또한만성적으로증상이지속될수있으며, 만성으로지속될경우갑상샘눈병증과감별이필요할수있다. 3 본연구에서는다양한부위의비특이성안와염환자에서눈꺼풀부종과관련하여체온을측정하여증상의중증도와비교해보았고, 체온상승이유의한부위가어느부위인지알아보고자하였다. 각각눈꺼풀부종의정도와비특이성안와염의위치가다른총 11명의환자에대해서위눈꺼풀, 눈물언덕, 내측결막, 외측결막, 아래눈꺼풀, 각막, 외측안와등총 7부위에서온도를측정하였다. 이중위눈꺼풀부위와각막부위의온도가유의하게정상부위와차이를보였고 (p=0.003, p=0.038, Mann-Whitney 검정 ), 가장질병의중증도와관련이많았던부분도위눈꺼풀부위 (r=0.55, p=0.008, Spearman 상관관계분석 ) 와각막부위 (p=0.45, p=0.037, Spearman 상관관계분석 ) 였다. 이는국소염증으로인한체온상승이눈꺼풀부종정도와관련하여일어나고, 위눈꺼풀과각막의접촉면적이넓고접촉시간이많아두부위가가장유의한온도증가를보인것으로여겨진다. 결국정상안과병변쪽안의온도차이가발생하는것은염증으로인한위눈꺼풀온도상승에의한것으로보인다. 또한가장높은온도를보인부위는정상쪽의눈, 병변쪽눈모두눈물언덕부위였고, 가장낮은온도를보인부위는정상쪽의눈, 병변쪽눈모두가쪽안와부위온도였다. 이는 Chang et al 8 이보고한눈물언덕쪽의온도가가장높고, 각막쪽이가장낮았던것과약간의차이를보였다. 마지막으로질병의예후와관련하여온도변화와재발의관련성을살펴보았으나특별한관련성이없는것으로나타났다 (r=-0.184). 본연구의한계점은대상환자군의적었던점과대조군으로환자의정상안을사용하여완전한독립성을유지하지못한점을들수있다. 좀더많은환자들을대상으로치료 전 / 후로비교를할경우적외선체열촬영검사는비특이성안와염의진단및치료에예후판단에도움을줄것으로생각한다. 참고문헌 1) Park SJ, Sin SJ, Lee DG, Jang JW. Pseudotumor: distribution, clinical features, treatment outcomes. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2008; 49: ) Lee H, Kim SJ, Lee SY. Classification and treatment efficacy of orbital pseudotumor. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2001;42: ) Caminha LS, Pinto ER, Sousa PA, et al. Orbital pseudotumor: a differential diagnosis of Graves ophthalmopathy. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2011;55: ) Jones BF. A reappraisal of the use of infrared thermal image analysis in medicine. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1998;17: ) Jiang LJ, Ng EY, Yeo AC, et al. A perspective on medical infrared imaging. J Med Eng Technol 2005;29: ) Sun PC, Lin HD, Jao SH, et al. Relationship of skin temperature to sympathetic dysfunction in diabetic at-risk feet. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006;73: ) Singh G, Bhinder HS. Comparison of noncontact infrared and remote sensor thermometry in normal and dry eye patients. Eur J Ophthalmol 2005;15: ) Chang TC, Hsiao YL, Liao SL. Application of digital infrared thermal imaging in determining inflammatory state and follow-up effect of methylprednisolone pulse therapy in patients with Graves ophthalmopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008;246: ) Shih SR, Li HY, Hsiao YL, Chang TC. The application of temperature measurement of the eyes by digital infrared thermal imaging as a prognostic factor of methylprednisolone pulse therapy for Graves ophthalmopathy. Acta Ophtahlmol 2010;88:e ) Niehof SP, Huygen FJ, van der Weerd RW, et al. Thermography imaging during static and controlled thermoregulation in complex regional pain syndrome type 1: diagnostic value and involvement of the central sympathetic system. Biomed Eng Online 2006;5:30. 11) Zaproudina N, Ming Z, Hänninen OO. Plantar infrared thermography measurements and low back pain intensity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2006;29: ) Kontos M, Wilson R, Fentiman I. Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) of breast lesions: sensitivity and specificity of detection of primary breast cancers. Clin Radiol 2011;66:
5 - 대한안과학회지 2012 년제 53 권제 12 호 - =ABSTRACT= Diagnostic Significance and Usefulness in Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) of Patients with Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation Jeong Wan Ryu, MD 1, Ji Sun Paik, MD 2, Ho Sik Hwang, MD 2, Suk Woo Yang, MD, PhD 2 Kim Ki-Soo Eye Clinic 1, Jeju, Korea Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine 2, Seoul, Korea Purpose: The present study assessed the diagnostic significance of digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) in determining the inflammatory state of patients with nonspecific orbital inflammation. Methods: The present study included 11 patients diagnosed with nonspecific orbital inflammation between December 2009 and March 2011 and who were followed-up for more than 6 months. All patients were all diagnosed based on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance image (MRI) and tissue biopsy. The grade of eyelid swelling was classified as 5 and severe compared with the temperature of location. The temperature of the upper eyelid, caruncle, medial conjunctiva, lateral conjunctiva, lower eyelid, cornea and lateral orbit were measured with DITI. Results: When comparing the normal eye with the diseased eye in patients with nonspecific orbital inflammation, the temperature of the upper eyelid and cornea were statistically significant (p = 0.003, p = 0.038, respectively, Mann-Whitney test). The correlation between the grade of eyelid swelling and the temperature of location was most highly related in the temperature of the upper eyelid (Spearman s correlation coefficient, r = 0.55, p = 0.008) and cornea (Spearman s correlation coefficient, r = 0.45, p = 0.037). Conclusions: DITI may aid in evaluating the inflammatory state of nonspecific orbital inflammation. In particular, the temperature of the upper eyelid and cornea can be very useful indicator. Future studies, including larger study population are necessary in order to confirm DITI as a diagnostic tool which can assess the results of medical treatment by comparing temperature before and after treatment. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(12): Key Words: Digital infrared thermal imaging, Nonspecific orbital inflammation Address reprint requests to Suk Woo Yang, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary s Hospital #222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul , Korea Tel: , Fax: , yswoph@catholic.ac.kr 1736
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