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1 Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Vol. 25 No. 5 October 2015 pp ISSN(Print) ISSN(Online) 이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템을위한관측기기반분산퍼지제어기설계 Design of an observer-based decentralized fuzzy controller for discrete-time interconnected fuzzy systems 구근범 * 주영훈 ** 박진배 * Geun Bum Koo Young Hoon Joo and Jin Bae Park * 연세대학교전기전자공학과 ** 군산대학교제어로봇공학과 *School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Yonsei University **Department of Control and Robotics Engineering Kunsan National University 요약본논문은이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템을위한관측기기반분산퍼지제어기설계기법을연구한다. 이를위해먼저상호결합퍼지시스템의퍼지하위시스템을고려하고 이를바탕으로관측기기반분산퍼지제어기를설계한다. 그리고퍼지하위시스템과관측기기반분산퍼지제어기를이용하여폐루프시스템을구한다. 구해진폐루프시스템에대해최대상호결합범위를포함한안정도조건을도출하고 이를선형행렬부등식형태로나타낸다. 마지막으로모의실험을통해제안된제어기설계기법의타당성을분석한다. 키워드 : 이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템 관측기기반분산퍼지제어기 최대상호결합범위 안정도조건 선형행렬부등식. Received: Mar Revised : Apr Accepted: Jul Corresponding author jbpark@yonsei.ac.kr Abstract In this paper an observer-based decentralized fuzzy controller is designed for discrete-time interconnected fuzzy systems. Based on the fuzzy subsystem of the interconnected fuzzy system the observer-based decentralized fuzzy controller is considered. By using the fuzzy subsystem and the observer-based decentralized fuzzy controller the closed-loop system is obtained. From the closed-loop system the stability condition with the maximum interconnection bound is developed and its sufficient condition is represented as the linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally the numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Key Words : Discrete-time interconnected fuzzy system Observer-based decentralized fuzzy controller Maximum interconnection bound Stability condition Linear matrix inequality (LMI). 1. 서론 본논문은 2015 년정부의재원으로한국연구재단의지원 ( 과제번호 : NRF-2015 R1A2A2A ) 을받아수행된연구임. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. 최근 산업기술이고도화됨에따라시스템의크기가커지고시스템들이서로영향을미치는현상이나타나고있다. 이에 이러한시스템들을표현하는상호결합시스템에대한관심이높아지고있다. 상호결합시스템은기존의시스템과는다른특성을가지고있기때문에 높은차원수 제어기의구조적제약 미지의상호결합과같은새로운문제들이나타나게된다. 따라서기존의전통제어기법은상호결합시스템에적용되기어렵다는문제점이있다. 이를해결하기위해 분산제어기법이상호결합시스템에더욱많이사용된다 [1]. 다양한분산제어기법들중에서 Takagi-Sugeno 퍼지모델을기반으로한분산퍼지제어기법에대한연구가활발하게진행되고있다 [ ]. 분산퍼지제어기법은비선형상호결합시스템에다양한선형분산제어기법을용이하게적용할수있다는점에서큰효율성을갖고있다. 하지만기존의분산퍼지제어기법들은대부분연속시간상호결합시스템에국한된기법들이었다 [2-7]. Zhang[8] 은이산시간비선형상호결합시스템을위한분산퍼지필터링기법을제안하였지만 분산퍼지제어기법에대해서는다루지않았다. 이산시간상호결합시스템을위한분산퍼지제어기법이연구된바도있지만 [910] 관측기기반 451
2 Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Vol. 25 No. 5 October 2015 분산퍼지제어에대한연구는지금까지이뤄진바가없다. 뿐만아니라 기존의분산퍼지제어기법들은대부분상호결합을정확하게안다는가정하에제안되었으며 미지의상호결합문제나최대상호결합범위에대한연구는거의이뤄진바가없다. 이에본논문에서는이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템을위한관측기기반분산퍼지제어기법을설계한다. 상호결합시스템의각하위시스템은미지의상호결합을갖는다고가정한다. 상호결합시스템의각하위시스템을기반으로관측기기반분산퍼지제어기를설계하며 이를포함한폐루프시스템을구한다. 폐루프시스템을기반으로안정도를분석하며 폐루프시스템의안정도를만족하는미지의최대상호결합범위를충분조건의형태로나타낸다. 그리고구해진충분조건은선형행렬부등식의형태로표현한다. 마지막으로모의실험을통해제안된분산퍼지제어기법의성능을확인한다. 본논문은크게다음과같이구성된다 : 먼저 2 장에서는미지의상호결합을갖는이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템과관측기기반분산퍼지제어기를설명한다. 3 장에서는폐루프시스템을기반으로안정도를만족하는최대의상호결합범위조건을선형행렬부등식의형태로나타낸다. 4 장에서는모의실험을통해제안된기법의성능을확인하며 마지막으로 5 장에서결론을도출한다. 2. 이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템과관측기기반분산퍼지제어기 먼저 개의퍼지하위시스템으로구성된이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템을고려한다. 각하위시스템은다음과같은퍼지규칙을따른다고가정한다. and and 여기서 는각각 번째하위시스 템의상태변수 입력변수 출력변수를나타내고 는시스템행렬로출력모델은선형이라가정하며 이고 는다음의가정을만족하는미지의상호결합함수이다. 가정 1 시스템의상호결합을나타내는벡터함수 는다음의이차부등식을만족한다. (1) 여기서 은상호결합범위상수 는알고있는상수행렬을의미한다. 위의퍼지규칙 (1) 을통해이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템을다음과같이표현할수있다. 여기서 (2) 이고 는소속함수의소속정도를나타낸다. 제시된상호결합퍼지시스템을위한관측기기반분산퍼지제어기는다음과같이나타낼수있다. (3) 여기서 와 는추정한상태 변수및출력변수 와 는각각제어이득행렬과관측이 득행렬이다. 추정오차를 으로정의하고 (2) 과 (3) 를이용하면다음의폐루프시스템을얻을수있다. 여기서 (4) 본논문의목적은폐루프시스템 (4) 에대한안정도조건을도출하고 안정도조건으로부터최대의상호결합범위를구한다. 452 구근범 주영훈 박진배
3 3. 폐루프시스템의안정도조건 본장에서는앞에서구한폐루프시스템 (4) 에대한안정도조건을구한다. 이를위해서는다음과같은보조정리가필요하다. 보조정리 1 [11] 어떤상수 와적절한차원을갖는어떤행렬 와 가존재할때 다음부등식이항상성립한다 : 보조정리 2 [12] 적절한크기를갖는임의의실수행렬 와 에대해 다음부등식이항상성립한다. 위의보조정리를이용해면다음과같은정리를얻을수있다. 정리 1 만약다음의제약조건을갖는선형행렬부등식들을만족하는상수 와행렬 가존재하면 관측기기반분산퍼지제어기갖는이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템 (4) 은점근적으로안정하게되고 이때 상호결합최대범위는 이다. 증명 : 먼저폐루프시스템 (4) 을기반으로 다음과같은 Lyapunov 함수를고려한다. 여기서 는양한정행렬이고 따라서 Lyapunov 함수는항상양의값을갖는다. 또한 Lyapunov 함수의변화율을구하면다음과같다. 여기서. min (5) (6) (7) 보조정리 1 과가정 1 을이용하면 위의 Lyapunov 함수의변화율은다음과같이정리할수있다. 여기서 다음의식 이고 는 을만족하는 를의미한다. 또한 는 의 번째열시작하는 열을갖는행렬이다. 또한 는행렬에서의전치요소를의미한다. 을위의 Lyapunov 함수의변화율에대입하면다음과같이정리할수있다. 이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템을위한관측기기반분산퍼지제어기설계 453
4 Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Vol. 25 No. 5 October 2015 여기서. 위의식을통해 우리는다음의부등식이성립하면 Lyapunov 함수의변화율이항상음수를갖는다는것을알수있다. 부등식 (8) 에슈어여수 (Schur complement) 를적용하고 으로합동변환 (congruence transformation) 을치하며 보조정리 2 를적용하면다음과같은부등식을얻을수있다. (8) (9) 마지막으로방정식 (7) 를부등식 (9) 에대입해주면 다음의부등식을얻을수있다. 따라서부등식 (5) (6) 와방정식 (7) 가성립하는최소의 값 을구하면 폐루프시스템 (4) 은최대상호결합범위 에대해항상점근적으로안정화하게된다. 참조 1 제어이득행렬 과관측이득행렬 는다음의통해구할수있다. 참조 2 제약조건 는다음의선형행렬부등식으로치환할수있다. 여기서 은매우작은상수이다. 4. 모의실험 논문에대한내용을검증하기위해두개의하위시스템을갖는이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템을고려한다. 여기서 이고 시스템행렬은각각다음과같다. exp exp. 정리 1 의선형행렬부등식을통해다음과같은이득행렬을구할수있다.. 또한 최대상호결합범위는 가된다. 즉 만약 이 보다작은값을가진다면 위의관측기분산 454 구근범 주영훈 박진배
5 퍼지제어기를포함한폐루프시스템은언제나점근적으로안정하다는뜻이된다. 시스템의상태변수및관측오차초기값을 으로가정하고시뮬레이션을하면그림 1 2와같은결과를얻을수있다. 그림에서확인할수있듯이 모든상태변수및관측오차가 으로수렴하는것을확인할수있으며 따라서우리는제안한관측기기반분산퍼지제어기의성능을확인할수있다. 5. 결론 본논문에서는이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템을위한관측기기반분산퍼지제어기를개발하였다. 퍼지하위시스템과분산퍼지제어기를통해폐루프시스템을구하고 안정도조건과최대상호결합범위를구하는충분조건을구하였다. 또한 구해진충분조건을선형행렬부등식으로나타내었다. 마지막으로모의실험을통해개발된제어기설계기법의성능을입증하였다. x(t) e(t) time 그림 1. 상호결합퍼지시스템의상태변수. Fig. 1. State variable of the interconnected fuzzy system time 그림 2. 상호결합퍼지시스템의추정오차. Fig. 2. Estimation error of the interconnected fuzzy system. References [1] L. Bakule Decentralized control: An overview Annual Reviews in Control vol. 32 pp [2] C. S. Tseng and B. S. Chen H decentralized fuzzy model reference tracking control design for nonlinear interconnected systems IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems vol. 9 no. 6 pp [3] F. H. Hsiao C. W. Chen Y. W. Liang S.D. Xu and W. L. Chiang T-S fuzzy controllers for nonlinear interconnected systems with multiple time delays IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I vol. 52 no. 9 pp [4] R. J. Wang Nonlinear decentralized state feedback controller for uncertain fuzzy time-delay interconnected systems Fuzzy Sets and Systems vol. 151 pp [5] C. S. Tseng A novel approach to H decentralized fuzzy-observer-based fuzzy control design for nonlinear interconnected systems IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems vol. 16 no. 5 pp [6] S. Tong P. Shi and H. Al-Madfai Robust fuzzy decentralized control for nonlinear large-scale systems with parametric uncertainties Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems vol. 19 pp [7] G. B. Koo J. B. Park and Y. H. Joo Decentralized fuzzy observer-based output feedback control for nonlinear large-scale systems: An LMI approach IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems vol. 22 no. 2 pp [8] H. Zhang H. Zhong and C. Dang Delay-dependent decentralized H filtering for discrete-time nonlinear interconnected systems with time-varying delay based on the T-S fuzzy model IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems vol. 20 no. 3 pp [9] H. Mukaidani M. Kimoto and T. Yamamoto Decentralized guaranteed cost control for discrete-time uncertain large-scale systems using fuzzy control Proceedings of 2006 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems pp [10] G. B. Koo J. B. Park and Y. H. Joo Observer based decentralized fuzzy controller for discrete-time large-scale fuzzy systems with packet losses Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Control Automation and Systems pp [11] I. R. Petersen A stabilization algorithm for a class of uncertain linear systems Systems and Control Letters vol. 8 pp [12] J. V. D. Oliveira J. Bernussou and J. C. Geromel 이산시간상호결합퍼지시스템을위한관측기기반분산퍼지제어기설계 455
6 Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Vol. 25 No. 5 October 2015 A new discrete-time robust stability condition Systems and Control Letters vol. 37 pp [13] G. B. Koo J. B. Park and Y. H. Joo Intelligent digital redesign for nonlinear systems using a guaranteed cost control method International Journal of Control Automation and Systems vol. 11 no. 6 pp [14] D. H. Lee M. H. Tak and Y. H. Joo A Lyapunov functional approach to robust stability analysis of continuous-time uncertain linear systems in polytopic domains International Journal of Control Automation and Systems vol. 11 no. 3 pp [15] D. H. Lee and Y. H. Joo On the generalized local stability and local stabilization conditions for discrete-time Takagi Sugeno fuzzy systems IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. vol. 22 no. 6 pp [16] G. B. Koo J. B. Park and Y. H. Joo Decentralized fuzzy observer-based output- feedback control for nonlinear large-scale systems: An LMI Approach IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. vol. 22 no. 2 pp 저자소개 구근범 (Geun Bum Koo) 2007 년 : 연세대학교전기전자공학과졸업 년 ~ 현재 : 동대학원전기전자공학과석박사통합과정 관심분야 : Fuzzy Decentralized control Digital redesign Phone : milbam@yonsei.ac.kr 박진배 (Jin Bae Park) 1977 년 : 연세대학교전기공학과졸업 1985~1990 년 : Kansas State University 전기및컴퓨터공학과졸업 ( 공학박사 ) 1990~1991 년 : Kansas State University 전기및컴퓨터공학과조교수 2006~2010 년 : Int. Journal of Control Robot. and Systems Editor-in-Chief 2013 년 : 제어로봇시스템학회회장 2014~ 현재 : 연세대학교부총장 1992~ 현재 : 연세대학교전기전자공학과교수 관심분야 : Robust control and filtering Nonlinear control Intelligent mobile robot Drone Fuzzy logic control Neural networks Adaptive dynamic programming Chaos theory Genetic algorithms Phone : jbpark@yonsei.ac.kr 주영훈 (Young Hoon Joo) 1982 년 1984 년 1995 년 : 연세대학교전기공학과졸업 ( 공학사 공학석사 공학박사 ) 1986~1995 년 : 삼성전자 ( 주 ) 생산기술센터팀장 1995 년 ~ 현재 : 군산대학교제어로봇공학과정교수 1998~1999 년 : 미국휴스턴대학박사후과정 2009 년 : 한국지능시스템학회회장 2013~2014 년 : 대한전기학회부회장 2014~ 현재 : Int. Journal of Control Robot. and Systems Editor-in-Chief 관심분야 : Intelligent robot Robot vision Intelligent control Human-robot interaction Wind-farm control Intelligent surveillance systems Phone : yhjoo@kunsan.ac.kr 456 구근범 주영훈 박진배
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